Do-it-yourself staircase to the second floor in a private house made of metal. Do-it-yourself metal staircase - design and quality depends only on you. Assembly manual for a homemade metal flight ladder
The main purpose of any ladder design is to ensure safe descent or ascent. While steel construction does a great job of doing this, it has a few other benefits that make it a smart investment.
- Durability - even precious woods cannot surpass iron in this parameter. Iron steps will never creak or crack, especially if treated with an anti-corrosion agent.
- Decorative value - the building leading to the second floor is the center of the entire room. Here the choice of steel and iron is justified, since the closed frame will completely close all the iron parts, if they do not fit into the design of the house, without losing strength. And the open frame will fit perfectly into most interiors.
- Space Saving - Conventional wooden structures for the second floor are quite large, since thick boards are needed to support the structure. However, steel allows you to make all the elements thinner, and still leave a large margin of safety. As a result, there is more space under the march.
Types of interfloor metal stairs
There are many options for the execution of such structures, they differ both in price and in purpose. Stairs to a metal house are:
- Modular - these are structures consisting of several ready-made sections. Inexpensive, easier to install. Measurements are not required before purchase.
- Screw - the most compact, suitable for almost any room, for example, for a small house, with a small 2nd floor. They are often used for summer cottages in the Moscow region.
- Direct - structures with one march. Suitable for large spaces. Usually wide enough for two people. The disadvantage is the high price and large volume of the product.
- With a turn - a turn can be made using winders or a platform. This option is a good compromise between spiral and straight stairs.
Our company manufactures stairs, so if you did not find the model you need in our catalog, we can make it to order.
Metal stairs are the most common interfloor structures in private construction. They are distinguished by high strength, long service life, resistance to mechanical damage and humidity fluctuations. Steel or aluminum elements do not creak, do not burn, do not change shape over time. Installation of marches is quite simple, with the presence of welding equipment and the skill of work, it is done by hand.
Metal stairs are used permanently or temporarily. According to their purpose, they are classified:
- on the main, employees for general use;
- auxiliary - service, spare, roofing;
- intra-apartment - for the movement of people within the boundaries of a private house or apartment;
- front doors;
- firefighters;
- garden.
Ladders for permanent use - stationary, for temporary - folding, sliding, attached.
The span configuration is varied:
- one-march straight line;
- two-march rotary;
- G-, P-, T-shaped;
- screw;
- spiral;
- S-shaped;
- pyramidal.
![](https://i1.wp.com/stroim-dom.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/vidy-lestnic.jpg)
Landings or winders are placed between marches. Structures with a riser are called closed, without them - open.
With straight spans, the treads have a rectangular shape, with curved or helical spans, they are wedge-shaped or angular. The layout of the march is of the “goose step” or “samba” type. Each step is divided into two halves, designed to step with a specific foot.
Prices for metal stairs
Types of stairs
Stairs made of metal differ in the version of the supporting frame:
![](https://i2.wp.com/stroim-dom.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/gorazdo-interesnee-smotrjatsja-kosoury-izgotovlennye-iz-lista-metalla-pri-pomoshhi-lazernoj-rezki..jpg)
Installation of a metal staircase can be carried out by welding or assembling from individual parts or entire modules. The metal of the structure remains visible or is lined with wood, MDF, laminate, clinker tiles.
The requirements for the layout of stairs according to ergonomic calculations are:
- the minimum march width is 900 mm;
- the optimal ratio of the height of the step to its depth is 1:2;
- tread width - 220-300 mm;
- tilt angle — 30°-45°;
- fence height - 900-1200 mm.
Important. For safety reasons for small children, the distance between railing posts or balusters should not exceed 150 mm.
When installing fences, a second row of handrails can be provided.
Combination options
The most traditional option for combining materials is a metal frame with wooden steps and railings. Fillings made of glass, plastic, composites are less common. Read also the article about, we are sure the material will be very useful to you.
![](https://i1.wp.com/stroim-dom.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/sejchas-naibolee-stilnym-schitaetsja-variant-gde-na-metallicheskij-karkas-ustanavlivajutsja-stekljannye-stupeni..jpg)
The supporting structure is made of channels, angles or profile pipes. Install steps and railings, sheathe the frame with finishing materials.
The wood finish is durable and lightweight. If you completely veneer the staircase with an array, an illusion of an all-wood structure is created. Wood is varnished, waxed, tinted or painted in different colors.
![](https://i2.wp.com/stroim-dom.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/v-zakonchennom-vide-takuju-lestnicu-ne-otlichit-ot-derevjannoj..jpg)
Laminate trim is an alternative option for cladding with precious woods. Wood fiber panel is cheaper, easier to install. The elements are cut and fixed on a plywood substrate. A high-quality plate is quite wear-resistant and mechanically strong.
Ceramic or clinker tiles, porcelain stoneware are the most suitable options for finishing metal outdoor stairs, although they are also used inside the house. They are not afraid of water, mud or frost. Anti-slip coating prevents falls in winter, and sharp heels on hard surfaces do not leave a mark.
![](https://i1.wp.com/stroim-dom.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ulichnaja-lestnica-iz-metalla.jpg)
The metal frame is so strong that it can withstand heavy concrete steps. They are made prefabricated or monolithic.
The fence is made in the form:
- graceful openwork lattices;
- curved or straight metal rods;
- figured carved balusters made of wood or polyurethane;
- colored plastic panels;
- transparent glass inserts.
Important. When combining a metal frame and a variety of finishing materials, the design of the stairs becomes practical and decorative.
Assembly manual for a homemade metal flight ladder
To install a metal staircase with your own hands, you will need an inverter welding machine, a grinder, a saw and emery wheels. If it is planned to install wooden steps, you need to prepare woodworking tools - a circular saw, an electric drill, clamps, a milling machine. To connect the parts, fasteners are required - bolts, screws, glue.
Training
Before assembling a metal staircase to the second floor, you need to prepare a project that includes:
![](https://i2.wp.com/stroim-dom.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/raschet_lestnicy.jpg)
- determining the position of the structure in the room;
- making measurements and drawings;
- calculation of the dimensions of elements;
- determination of material consumption.
![](https://i2.wp.com/stroim-dom.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/primer-chertezha-metallicheskoj-lestnicy-na-odnom-kosoure.jpg)
Calculations can be made independently, using online calculators or contact the design organization.
![](https://i1.wp.com/stroim-dom.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/konstruktivnaja-shema-metallicheskoj-lestnicy-s-uchetom-glavnyh-parametrov.jpg)
They prepare materials and fasteners with a margin of 5-10%, store them indoors or under a canopy, protecting them from moisture.
Important. If there is no welding experience, you need to practice on profile cuts in advance. It is desirable to carry out installation of stringers or bowstrings with an assistant. Large metal beams are difficult enough to install for one person.
The simplest ladder made of metal on bowstrings
The structure is assembled from two channels 150-200 mm high with a wall thickness of 8 mm or more. 45x45 mm corners are welded to them for laying treads.
The bowstrings are set to the design position. Steps from a board 40 mm thick are screwed to the corners.
If the treads are metal, they are welded or bolted to the frame. The steel should be grooved or mesh to provide traction with the sole of the shoe.
The bowstring can be assembled from a profile pipe 60x60 mm or a corner 45x45 cm. The lattice structure is reinforced with slopes and struts. Treads and risers are subsequently attached to them.
Staircase on stringers
Stringers are made from a channel or I-beam 100-200 mm high with a wall thickness of at least 8 mm. Fillies are welded or screwed to the upper shelf of the profile - combs from a corner of 45x45 mm with dimensions corresponding to the width and height of the step.
![](https://i2.wp.com/stroim-dom.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/montazh_kosourov.jpg)
Treads and risers made of wood, concrete or composites, solid metal steps or lattice frames are mounted on the frame.
An interesting option is the manufacture of a kosour from profile segments connected at a right angle. The elements are cut according to the dimensions of the step, the ends are cut at 45 °. All parts are welded sequentially, the frame is sanded, painted, sheathed with finishing materials.
![](https://i1.wp.com/stroim-dom.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/kreplenie_ugolkov.jpg)
The broken shape design requires high precision. With this configuration, there is practically no metal waste left. The staircase on the zigzag stringer is original, there are no powerful beams that make the structure look heavier.
![](https://i0.wp.com/stroim-dom.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/legkaja-metallicheskaja-lestnica-v-dome.jpg)
Assembling a modular ladder
Modular metal stairs consist of typesetting elements that can be assembled into a straight or spiral march. The rigidity of the kosour is given by the support pipes. Parts are fastened with bolts, plates, threaded studs or mounting clamps.
![](https://i0.wp.com/stroim-dom.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/screenshot_1.jpg)
Important. In the latest generation of prefabricated stairs, the modules can be deployed, the dimensions of the steps can be changed. Mount them on the bolts. Fastenings remain strong for a long time, do not become loose and do not require regular tightening.
Step sheathing
For sheathing steps use:
- hardwoods - oak, ash, beech, larch;
- concrete;
- terrace board;
- marble.
Parts are bought ready-made or made independently. The boards are cut to the size of the treads and risers, screwed to the frame with bolts with a nut and washer, self-tapping screws, futorka, furniture bolts or Fisher fasteners.
Concrete steps are installed on stringers, the seams are filled with cement-sand mortar. Metal beams are painted. Indoors, they are sheathed with plasterboard or decorative panels.
For finishing street and home structures, a terrace board is used. She is not sensitive to moisture, is not afraid of fire. The material lends itself well to processing - cutting, drilling, gluing. Treads and fences are made from WPC. The parts are fastened to the frame with special clips, the ends are closed with planks.
![](https://i2.wp.com/stroim-dom.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/screenshot_2.jpg)
Spectacular decoration of the stairs with marble or mosaic tiles. Treads and risers are installed on the frame and glued with a plaster composition or special waterproof glue.
Natural marble can be replaced with artificial marble based on a cement binder with the addition of marble or granite chips. Such steps are made in the formwork independently. The surface must be carefully polished to smoothness, so that the pattern becomes more expressive, and care does not create difficulties.
In order for a home-made metal staircase to serve for a long time, experts advise you to follow some rules during installation and operation:
- support posts, bowstrings or stringers should be installed on concrete platforms or logs reinforced with additional bars;
- when pairing stairs and walls, the thickness of the capital structure must be at least 20-25 cm;
- if the outdoor structure is made of structural steel, paint the surfaces regularly, after cleaning them of rust.
Metal stairs are practical and durable. They have earned popularity due to the possibility of combining with various finishing materials. You can make a metal structure yourself. Finishing is started after removing rust and carefully sanding the surface.
Today, metal for the construction of stairs has become perhaps the most popular material, seriously competing with wood. Moreover, mostly not beautiful forged products are used, but those that are welded from corners and channels. The reason, of course, lies in the availability of the material and its strength.
Basically, a simple frame is made of metal, which is subsequently finished with more beautiful and warm materials, like the same tree. Today we will discuss all aspects of such structures, and also learn how to make an iron staircase to the second floor with our own hands.
Like other structures, iron stairs to the second floor have their advantages and disadvantages.
Let's name the most notable:
- The simplicity and strength of the design is perhaps the most significant advantage. They serve for a very long time, especially if proper and timely maintenance is performed during operation.
- Despite the unpretentiousness of metal in terms of aesthetics, you can make a staircase truly beautiful and original, since all kinds of pipes, channels, I-beams, ropes, and so on are used for this.
- Metal goes well with other materials, which can also be used to create a certain style of both the structure and the room as a whole.
- Unlike, metal will never creak, but this does not mean at all that such designs are quiet. If steps are made of metal, then the corresponding sound will constantly be heard during walking, which must also be taken into account when designing.
There are also disadvantages:
- First of all, it is of course the appearance. Yes, we wrote that there are many options and interesting combinations can be made, but not everyone can do it, and hiring a designer is expensive for many of our people, which is why all the metal is usually hidden out of sight.
- The second drawback is that it is quite difficult to make an iron staircase to the second floor with your own hands. You need the ability to handle a welding machine, you need to move rather massive parts, and you also need high accuracy in calculations and sawing workpieces.
Advice! In refutation of the last statement, let's say that you can purchase a ready-made modular design, as in the photo above. Such stairs are assembled very simply, like a children's designer. All you need is the included instructions, a set of wrenches and a screwdriver.
- The disadvantages can also include the periodic need for tinting, especially if the stairs have contact with water.
Otherwise, you are free to see your pros and cons, focusing primarily on your own needs and financial capabilities.
Types of metal stairs
Now let's look at what stairs are for the second floor and how they are arranged in order to better understand what we will have to face during self-assembly. According to the location of the stairs made of metal, however, like the rest, it is customary to divide into internal and.
According to the method of connecting parts, there are already three types: welded, forged and bolted:
- The simplest method of those mentioned is, of course, bolting. It looks very good, but over time, from constant walking, the nodes begin to loosen up, which is why the design requires periodic revision with tightening of the bolts. If this is not done, then the loose connections will begin to sag under the weight of the structure, which can lead to deformation of the parts.
- Welding is very reliable, but looks rough without proper processing. At the same time, we recall again that certain skills will be required for its implementation. This method and the previous one are suitable for joining decorative and load-bearing parts of a structure.
- Forging is the prerogative of craftsmen who take impressive amounts for their work, so you don’t have to take it into account for self-assembly. It is mainly used to create beautiful enclosing structures.
From here you can also derive the following classification, which divides all metal stairs into solid and collapsible. We think there is no point in explaining, so let's move on. The next important difference is the stair configuration.
There are the following types:
- The first type of construction consists of marches - straight sections of ascent from repeating steps of the same shape and size (which is why it is called marching).
- Marches can be one or more. In the second case, they alternate in a certain sequence, changing direction. This approach allows you to make stairs more compact when climbing to great heights.
- To turn the direction of the stairs, intermediate platforms or running steps are used.
- The winder steps are somewhat reminiscent of a piece of a spiral staircase, therefore they have an irregular trapezoidal shape. The use of this structural element allows you to make the stairs more compact.
- The site has a simpler structure, is much easier to manufacture and more convenient to use, so the way of turning is determined for each individual project, depending on current requirements and capabilities.
- In general, mid-flight stairs are the most common, safe and convenient, so if the space allows you to place them, feel free to look in their direction.
- The second type of construction is spiral staircases. You can not even dream of making them on your own, without the involvement of a master and without having the proper experience. Not only do you need to make quite complex calculations, you also need to verify the data obtained during assembly.
- An exception may, again, be a modular factory design. It will be no more difficult to assemble it than a marching one of the same type.
- As for the structure itself, it is used, first of all, where there is not enough space for mounting a mid-flight ladder. You can also give preference, if the style of the interior requires it.
- It is not so convenient to use spiral staircases, and you cannot call them safe either. Therefore, they are mainly preferred by people with progressive views, but if you are used to looking at everything from the side of practicality, then, we are afraid, this option will not suit you.
- Spiral staircases are also bad because it is impossible to move large-sized furniture along them, which is why the rise is organized through the windows of the upper floors. Take note!
The named types can be attributed to the main ones, however, in addition to them, there are many combined options, such as those presented in the photo gallery above. Such solutions can change the parameters of the steps, the entire march, the direction of the bends and much more that comes to the minds of designers who are trying to surprise their clients.
Steel ladder frames
The frame of a metal staircase can be divided into two main components: the bearing supporting part and the fastening under the steps. In this case, the second part may not be at all if, for example, solid wooden treads and risers are installed.
- Stairs can be supported on stringers - inclined beams with corner platforms for installation on top of the steps.
- Kosourov can be either one or several, depending on the planned design. Their appearance may also differ.
- The most common are straight stringers, they are also welded corners, channels or I-beams, to which “g”-shaped supports for stairs are welded. This option is easier than the rest to install, however, it has the roughest appearance.
- Stringers can be broken, that is, welded or assembled from pieces of a rectangular pipe. Outwardly, they resemble a ladder. These models look much lighter and more aesthetically pleasing, so they are perfect not only for industrial, but also for other modern styles.
- Spinal stringers deserve special mention. These elements are similar to broken ones, but they are a modular movable structure that can even be rotated if necessary. The photo of such a staircase is presented last in the gallery above.
- The second type of supports are bowstrings. More precisely, stringers are varieties of bowstrings, but such a classification has already taken root. The difference between these elements lies in the fact that when fastening the steps do not rest on top, but approach their sides, where a bunch is made through bolts, screws, supports in the form of corners and other things.
- There are always two bowstrings in the stairs, due to structural features.
- Their shape can also be different, firstly, depending on the material used, and secondly, because of the type of the staircase itself (you can find even, broken, bent, etc.).
- The next version of the frame is metal bolts, or bolts, to put it in a more understandable language. These fixtures are specially designed for fixing ladders without bowstrings and stringers. With their help, the design can literally "hang" in the air.
- Despite the apparent fragility, these stairs are very durable and able to withstand heavy loads.
- The second deceptive thing at first glance is the apparent ease of assembly. To make such a ladder, you need both experience and a special tool.
- Mounting on the console is the most difficult and expensive to perform. Here, along the way, you have to intervene in the wall structure, because such structures are often erected with them at the same time.
- Consoles are metal pins and platforms that go “roots” into the wall. Steps are held on one side only.
- To withstand all the loads, the consoles are made long enough, often passing the entire stage.
- They can only be installed on strong walls that can securely hold the fasteners.
Analyzing the information received, we can say with confidence that in order to install the iron staircase yourself, it is better to stop at the option with stringers or bowstrings. We will see how this is done in the next chapter.
Ladder assembly
Let's start by saying a few words about stair design. Starting to build, especially from metal, without drawings in hand is more expensive for yourself. The price of materials is not small, but you will not have a chance to redo something again.
You can perform a simple calculation of a march-type staircase yourself, or you can find one of the many calculators on the Internet in which you just need to enter the necessary data (such as the span height, angle of inclination and number of steps), indicate the desired type of structure, click the "calculate" button and print finished result.
The idea of contacting the design bureau will be the most correct, because professionals will take into account those features of your home that you don’t even know about, but be prepared to pay an extra penny for such pleasure.
Rectangular pipe stringers
Imagine that we already have all the calculations on hand, and we just have to complete the assembly. We will consider a rather complex version of a broken frame made of a profile pipe - an option not so frequent, but quite interesting and looking neater.
For work, we need the following tools and devices:
- flat horizontal surface- a table that can be made from a single sheet of chipboard;
- Clamps in the amount of one piece for each element of the stringer (riser and tread);
- Measuring tools: tape measure, metal ruler, joiner's square;
- sharpened nail or a special metal scriber with a winning tip;
- Two grinders(large and small) and metal discs of the appropriate size.
- Welding machine and electrodes to it.
The work begins with the fact that a table is installed, the surface of which is drawn according to the received data on the height and depth of the degrees. The result is a grid of identical cells, which will help us to accurately measure and set blanks.
So, at our disposal there are pipes with a section of 60 by 80 millimeters, which must be cut into pieces.
- So, cut off the first piece at an angle of 45 degrees and attach it to the chipboard with a clamp. Fixation is carried out through holes that are drilled with a wood drill with a diameter of 25 millimeters.
- Next, we take the other part of the pipe, turn it over so that we get an angle, and combine the parts. At the same time, you need to expose them, focusing strictly along the lines on the chipboard.
- As you can see in the photo above, the cut did not turn out to be perfect, which is why a rather large gap formed on the outer corner. This must be corrected by sharpening the inner corner with a small grinder.
- In order not to guess with the depth of the undercut, it is necessary to use a ruler, with the help of which a mark is placed on the inner corner equal to the thickness of the gap, that is, the line is drawn parallel to the cut of the previous part.
- Next, the pipe is conveniently laid on a flat surface and an adjustment is made.
Advice! When sawing metal with an abrasive method, hot particles fly around the sides, so do not forget about safety precautions. Do not do this near flammable substances and materials, be sure to use protective equipment such as: gloves, goggles, a hat and tight clothing with long sleeves.
- Re-alignment of the workpieces shows that there is practically no gap left, which means that the welded assembly will be strong.
- Now, having put everything along the lines on the chipboard, you need to mark the place of the second cut. To do this, we make a small mark with a nail at the base, turn the pipe over, and use a square to turn it into a line.
- We know that the height of the pipe is 8 centimeters - it is we who need to step back towards the already sawn off edge and transfer it to the lower edge. All manipulations are performed with the same square.
- After marking the indent, we connect the corners with an oblique line, which, in fact, forms the diagonal of the resulting rectangle.
- This marking method is very accurate, so it allows you to make almost no mistakes when cutting.
- Lines are placed on two sides and connected to each other.
- The pipe is securely fixed with a vise, after which a neat cut of the workpiece is performed. In principle, everything is simple and clear.
- Next, the resulting segment is placed on our "stand" and fixed according to the drawing on the clamp, like the previous one. In this manner, the entire kosour is assembled.
- Having put all the parts in the right position, and rechecking this, you can start welding.
- We do it pointwise, as shown in the photo. As you can see, all corners are welded, as well as the central point in oblique joints. It is impossible to weld the seam right away, since the kosour with a high degree of probability can lead, and even rigid fixation with clamps will not save.
- Now we transfer the kosour to the goats for the convenience of work and turn it over with the back side. Now we will weld the seams, but this must be done wisely.
- First of all, we make points at the centers of oblique lines on a horizontal plane.
- Next, the horizontal seams are fully welded. This must be done according to a certain scheme, as shown above.
- We start from the inner corner and reach the middle of the seam. Then we move in the opposite direction.
Advice! If you boil the entire seam at once, the stringer will turn out to be crooked, so take your time.
- Then the same is done on the reverse side.
- Lastly, the corner seams are welded.
- After welding, all its traces are carefully cleaned with a small grinder.
- Kosours are ready for installation. They are mounted either to the beam, where there is an opening to the second floor for stairs, or to intermediate platforms. We will not describe how these elements are assembled, since everything is very clear - horizontal beams are placed, which, if necessary, are supported by vertical posts. The connection to the wall is made by an anchor from a piece of reinforcement.
- Having installed the stringers, they begin to fix the steps. In principle, you can do without jumpers if you use thick boards as treads.
- Steps are fastened through self-tapping screws, from below. To do this, a large hole (about 16 mm) is drilled in the lower part of the kosour, and a small one in the upper part (so that the screw head does not pass through).
- As a finishing touch, the stringers are primed and covered with a layer of paint.
The price for such a design will be quite low. Essentially, you need two pipes of sufficient length. At the same time, the view will be very neat, and it won’t take much effort to assemble, with the ability to cook metal.
As you understand, we have analyzed far from the only answer to the question of how to make an iron staircase to the second floor. There are a lot of options, and all of them will differ in cost, strength and appearance. To better navigate, we recommend watching the video in this article. Good luck!
Stairs to the second floor, made of metal, are strong, durable, but at the same time light, openwork and fit well into the interior of the house. They can have any color solutions, sizes of the platform, steps, there is a wide variety of shapes, designs, which, in combination with various materials, helps to realize all sorts of design tasks.
The main loads fall on the metal, but its high performance characteristics make it possible to successfully withstand external influences, it is easy to work with, so the staircase can be completely made by hand. Occupying a smaller area, it divides the space between the rooms on the ground floor and on the upper level.
Choosing the best option
Regardless of the complexity of manufacturing and the type of product chosen, the work begins with determining the location of the future structure, after which they draw up drawings and calculate consumable building materials, prepare the tool. At this stage, it also does not hurt to familiarize yourself with the norms of SNiP, which flights of stairs must comply with.
The main requirements are:
- The recommended width for stairs in the house is 900 cm.
- Step height 16–21 cm.
- Depth 27 cm, which corresponds to the size of the feet of the average man.
- Convenient slope of the march 30–40 °. With smaller values, the structure will take up a lot of space; with larger values, you will no longer have to walk along it, but climb it.
- The railing must withstand lateral forces of 100 kg.
- The distance between them is 15 cm. If there are small children in the family, it is recommended to reduce it to 12 cm.
The following types of stairs are most widely used. The most popular option is on two stringers, load-bearing beams on which steps are installed.
On one kosour. The entire load falls on the central metal beam, made of a powerful I-section, channel, on which the rest of the elements are attached. The steps are in the middle. Such stairs are durable and take up little space, while looking airy.
On bowstrings, special supports located on the side of the steps.
On bolts, anchor bolts, with which the steps are attached to the wall.
Spiral staircase. This is the most interesting, but at the same time difficult to implement option. The central support in the form of a pillar acts as a bearing element.
In the absence of experience in the manufacture of iron structures for the first time, you should choose and make a simple single-flight staircase. If the span has more than ten steps, it makes sense to provide an intermediate platform or turn.
Getting started, you will need to prepare the following tool:
- welding machine with a mask and gloves;
- grinder with discs for metal for cleaning surfaces;
- drill with a set of drills;
- stable iron table;
- vice, clamps;
- tape measure, square, pencil.
As well as materials such as:
- metal profile, corners;
- wood for finishing steps;
- white spirit, primer, paint.
Straight metal stairs
The easiest to manufacture is a straight flight of stairs (on stringers). Kosour - an inclined beam that serves as the basis for attaching the remaining elements. At the initial stage, in order to eliminate possible errors, you should prepare drawings and master the inverter-type welding machine, which is more convenient to use.
The metal frame is assembled as follows:
- The channel, which forms the basis of the future march, is installed on the edge.
- Fillies are cut from reinforcement, a corner, supports under the steps, brackets are welded to them.
- Using pre-applied markings, by welding they are attached to the channel, but before that, having attached two profiles to each other, they check the correspondence of the marks. They must match.
- Install railing posts. If necessary, additional supports are mounted to increase their rigidity.
- Jumpers are cut from the corner, with the help of which two channels are connected to each other.
- After assembling all the elements, the flight of stairs is installed in place.
- At the end, the joints are cleaned and coated with a primer.
On this, the welded iron structure is ready and steps can be made. For these purposes, corrugated or ordinary sheet metal is suitable, but if the staircase is located inside the house, then it is better to pay attention to finishing materials such as wood, artificial, natural stone.
Having prepared wooden planks (the dimensions of the blanks are selected arbitrarily, based on the existing distance between the beams), they are fixed with self-tapping screws or bolted connections are used. In the latter case, to facilitate the process, the necessary markings are applied to the tree and the channel and the corresponding holes are prepared.
Features of installation work
The most widespread marches with one central stringer and two side stringers. Usually, a channel or profile pipe acts as the main supporting element. The following requirements are offered for the installation of the structure.
Beams must be securely and stably fixed. This concerns the accuracy of fitting their edge to the floor, the ceiling of the upper floor. To reduce the likelihood of distortions, special metal heels are installed at the contact points and, after fixing them with anchor bolts, the beams are then welded.
The frame for the steps in the form of a rectangular platform is made from a corner. Given the characteristics of the material for further finishing, the corner is welded with shelves down and inward. This option is acceptable for wood, corrugated metal sheets, but for concreting, ceramic tiles, porcelain stoneware, it is assembled with a profile up and in. The number of blanks must correspond to the number of steps.
The process of creating fillies - supports, curved in the form of the letter "G", is somewhat more complicated, since all the parts must be welded to the beams absolutely symmetrically, then each of them is additionally strengthened with scarves and connected with a transverse crossbar. This leads to an increase in the number of welds and increases the complexity of the work.
The length is chosen arbitrarily, trying to ensure that the slope of the central stringer is within 30–45 °.
The best result is obtained if the manufacture of stairs is conceived in the process of designing a private house. Then at the stage of installing the march there are no problems.
Screw design for small spaces
When a private house has a limited area, or a metal flight of stairs does not fit into the interior of the room, many owners pay attention to screw structures. Since they take up less space and can be assembled using stringers, bowstrings, bolts. The last option for attaching to the bolt is especially popular if you have to do all the work yourself, since welding is not needed. Then it is enough to fix the central pillar and already steps to it.
To make the staircase comfortable, in addition to the main dimensions (width, height, depth of steps), it is necessary to take into account the diameter. To determine it, the length of the step is multiplied by two and d of the support column is added.
The quantity can be determined based on the requirements of SNiP, according to which the height of the offense should not go beyond 15 - 20 cm. And the width at the narrowest point is at least 10 cm, at the widest - 27 cm, but the best indicator is within 30 cm .
Starting the manufacture of a spiral staircase, the work is performed in the following order:
- Installation of the central pole. This operation should be carried out even at the construction stage, since the lower end can be safely concreted to the recommended depth of 40 cm, and the upper end can be fixed to the ceiling with dowels. In the finished room, along the edges of the column, the base is welded in the form of base plates, and only then they are shot with fasteners.
- Installation of steps. It is better to make them from steel and subsequently ennoble with wood, stone, and paint.
- Installation of an additional supporting support in the form of a separate pole or wall mount. The main thing is that one of the bearing steps rests on it.
- Giving extra rigidity. To do this, all the steps are tied together with jumpers.
- Installing a railing. Their presence is an indispensable condition if the height of the stairs is or exceeds two floors, and the width of the steps is less than 90 cm. The railing is attached to additionally welded support posts.
- Decoration. Finishing is carried out with stone, wood, artistic forging, or simply by painting in the desired color.
When erecting an interfloor structure, it is necessary to take into account any nuances, which in the future will allow you not to make mistakes and facilitate its maintenance.
- The steps near the wall are installed with a small gap so that a sheet of wallpaper passes between them.
- The railing is welded on the side, which will save the width of the span.
- Welding joints to remove small notches and burrs from their surface must be ground and only then the product is primed and painted.
- Installation of steps made of wood is carried out after the paint has completely dried.
- High-quality welding work is the key to long-term, successful operation, therefore, if there is no experience or the ability to reliably weld all the elements together, it is better to immediately turn to professional workers.
- Stairs should be safe and comfortable.
Regardless of the chosen design and the use of finishing materials, much less consumables are required for the manufacture of a metal staircase than in other cases. The finished product is light and well complements the interior of any private house.
Some people do not want to build a one-story house and build a multi-story house, and it will be impossible to move around the house without stairs. Stairs come in different shapes and are made from different materials. Stairs that are between floors are made of metal and.
The design and calculations for stairs between floors made of any materials are no different.
They have the usual requirements:
- In a private house, the smallest width of the stairs is 900 centimeters.
- The normal height of steps is 160 - 180 millimeters.
- The minimum allowable depth of steps is 270 millimeters.
- The railing on the stairs must withstand a side pressure of about one hundred kilograms.
- The distance between the railing posts should be 150 millimeters and, if there are children in the family, this distance should be 120 millimeters.
- Ladders are made forged and welded.
there are the following types:
![](https://i0.wp.com/domsdelat.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5.jpg)
There are stairs:
![](https://i2.wp.com/domsdelat.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg)
If you do not have special skills in building stairs, then start with a simple option, that is, with a single-flight design.
Necessary calculations
In organizations that are engaged in the development of projects, they use special ones, with the help of these programs they design 3D models of structures. In the model, it is very easy to change the parameters of different parts.
After the approval of the final version, the computer program prepares the specification and drawings of the metal staircase.
But in our case, the calculations will have to be done without the help of a computer program. We will consider a simple version of a direct single-march design.
The basic requirements for the depth and height of the steps are already known. It is necessary to make measurements between points, that is, from the beginning to the end of the stairs from the floor of the first floor and the height between the floor of the first and second floors. Now we determine the length of the stairs, you need to remember that the average angle of inclination is from thirty to forty-five degrees.
We calculate the available parameters and extract the square root and get the length of the stairs.
Materials and tools required for work
For the construction of an interfloor metal staircase, we need the following tools and materials to build an interfloor metal staircase.
Tools:
![](https://i2.wp.com/domsdelat.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg)
Materials:
![](https://i0.wp.com/domsdelat.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B.jpg)
Carrying out work
Stages of work:
![](https://i2.wp.com/domsdelat.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg)
First of all, corners are made from the corners for fixing steps, that is, fillies.
You can’t make a mistake so that there are no various distortions and flaws that will ruin the staircase.
Also, fillies should be the same and should be exactly opposite each other. Fillies are made from a corner by cutting out a sample and joining the corners to each other.
As a result, L-shaped nodes are obtained with shelves down and inward. For our design, fourteen pairs of these nodes are needed, and in each of the pairs one support will be left, and the second right. Then we weld the brackets to connect the steps and the horizontal bar between each of the pairs of corners.
We also make a horizontal crossbar from a corner. They reinforce the structure with the help of kerchiefs, we weld them from the bottom of the steps towards each of the stringers.
We make markings along the edge of the square pipe from the profile and, according to the markings, weld the fillies to the edge of the kosour, the second kosour is attached to the first kosour with fillies and transfer the markings.
We make and then weld the stringers with the lower end to the support platform. If the houses have a concrete foundation, then the supporting platform is installed in concrete. We attach the upper end to the support post, the support post is fixed to the ceiling between floors with steel anchors. Then once again the fillies must be checked for level.
In the event that the staircase is made near the wall, then to give the structure rigidity, one kosour is welded to the brackets that are fixed to the wall.
They consist in welding the steps to the filly, you can also fix them with bolts, but in this case it is necessary to sheathe the steps with wood. The steps can also be installed wooden, on the filly with the help of screw connections.
In the article, we told how to make a metal staircase to the second floor.
Of course, it is up to you and no one else to decide what material to make a staircase from, but a metal staircase turns out to be visually light, so we recommend this design.
We hope that this information was useful to you. We wish you good luck, patience and inspiration!