Brovin kacher with low-voltage power supply. What is kacher (Brovina), its capabilities, methods of application. Experiments with kacher. Maybe the kacher is a kind of blocking generator
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WHY does "Brovin's quality" not work?
Why can such a simple generator not work and how to set it up? For reliable operation of the generator, it is necessary to comply with a number of simple requirements for circuit elements.
1. The coil must be long and multi-turn. The winding must be tight. A short low-turn coil with sparsely wound turns resonates at excessively high frequencies. Gaps in a continuous winding lead to the same result, resulting, for example, from soldering a wire torn during winding and the presence of a large gap between adjacent turns in this place.
2. The transistor must be high enough frequency to generate at the frequency of the oscillatory circuit. Commonly used transistors KT805 with different letters have a cutoff frequency of about 20 MHz, KT903 - 120 MHz, KT902 - 35 MHz, KT819 - 3 MHz. With short coils, not all transistors can generate at the required frequency. Good results should be given by high-frequency (but expensive) KT921A transistors with a cutoff frequency of up to 300 MHz.
3. You need to choose the right transistor mode for direct current. The current through the transistor is very strongly and non-linearly dependent on the voltage between the base and emitter of the transistor. With a value of this voltage less than 0.5 V, the transistor does not conduct current and does not amplify or generate yet. At a value of 0.7-1.0 V, the current can change dramatically from a very small value to 3-5 amperes, the transistor amplifies and generates. At a voltage of 1.5 V, the maximum possible current flows through the transistor, the transistor no longer amplifies and does not generate.
You can set the desired current of 0.5-1.5 amperes using resistors. To do this, with a 12-15-volt supply, the easiest way is to solder the lower resistor of a constant value of 150-300 Ohms, and instead of the top one, solder a chain of a 1 kOhm resistor and a 10 kOhm variable resistor connected in series with it. One of the extreme and middle (movable) conclusions are used. In the initial position, the distance between the movable and extreme terminals (and, therefore, the resistance between them) should be maximum. In the gap of one of the power wires, you need to turn on the ammeter for 2-10 amperes and, by turning the resistor knob, set the current to 0.5-1.5 amperes. If there is no such ammeter, then it is necessary to monitor the appearance of generation using neon or fluorescent lamps located close to the coil. If there is no generation, then you need to swap the outputs of the primary winding, and repeat the setting.
The current through the transistor is highly dependent on its heating during the operation of the generator. With prolonged operation, the transistor can become uncontrollable from overheating and fail (burn out). To reduce this effect, you can solder a 1 ohm resistor with a power of 2 watts into the emitter circuit.
4. For reliable generation, independent of the parameters of the power source, in the circuit between plus and minus there must be capacitive decoupling, preferably from two capacitors connected in parallel: one electrolytic with a capacity of approximately 1000 μF, which can withstand the voltage of the power source with a margin, the other paper or ceramic with a capacity of 0, 1-0.5uF with the same operating voltage requirement. An electrolytic capacitor is usually available inside the power supply, so it can be omitted.
In this review, we present to your attention the assembly diagram of the Brovin qualityr or Tesla transformer.
We will need:
- winding wire;
- NPN transistor;
- 47 kOhm resistor;
- Light-emitting diode;
- plastic or polypropylene pipe 140 mm long and 22 mm in diameter;
Winding wire can not be bought, since it is present in every charger or power supply. If you decide to remove the wire from the power supply, then we note that it is wound on a "W" or "E" shaped transformer. One of the coils on the transformer has a thick rather short wire. The wire on the second coil is much thinner and much larger. In any case, the transformer must be disassembled to get to the wire. This can be done by tapping on the case with a hammer, due to which the varnish will gradually break and the transformer will fall apart.
Next, you need to remove the layer of electrical tape on the wires and release the winding wire.
Let's start with the coil. First you need to find the length of the wire of one turn. To do this, we multiply the Pi number (3.14) by the outer diameter of the pipe. In the case of using a pipe with a diameter of 22 mm, you get 6.9 cm.
Now we take the length of the coil and multiply by the required number of coils. In the author's case, there will be 450. The result is that we need 31 m of wire to make a coil of 450 turns on the pipe that the author uses.
Next, on the desktop, measure a distance of one meter. This is necessary to accurately mark the wire.
We wind the coil. This can be done by hand, but it is also possible to build a simple assembly from a screwdriver or drill and make winding easier.
Next, we take a 47 kΩ resistor, one LED, a coil and an NPN transistor. The author does not advise the use of small transistors, since they cannot withstand high voltages or loads. The best of all the transistors that the author used turned out to be the BD241 transistor.
Let's start assembling the circuit itself, which the author makes on BreadBoard for greater clarity.
The diagram shows that the plus passes through the resistor and enters the transistor, but also goes to the coil, from where it also enters the transistor. Therefore, the first step is to connect the transistor.
The pinout of the transistor is simple. We present it in the figure below, where B means base, C is a collector
The resistor is connected to the base leg.
The second plus should go to the coil, which in this case is a simple wire with five turns around the wire that was wound at the beginning. We connect one end of the wire to the collector. The second end of the wire is connected to one contact from the coil.
We connect the second contact from the coil directly to the plus.
Introduction
Experiments on wired and wireless transmission of electricity began more than 100 years ago - with the experiments of N. Tesla. On September 22, 1896, the Tesla Transformer was claimed by a US patent as "Apparatus for producing electrical currents of high frequency and potential."
After a certain period of time, experiments with the transmission of currents wirelessly resumed. In 1987, Vladimir Brovin demonstrated the transmission of alternating current through a single wire using his device.
Brovin's kacher is an original version of the electromagnetic oscillation generator, which can be assembled on various active elements. In particular, bipolar or field-effect transistors are used in its construction, and radio tubes are somewhat less common.
1.Vladimir Ilyich Brovin
This device was invented by Soviet engineer Vladimir Ilyich Brovin in 1987 as part of an electromagnetic compass that would allow you to determine the cardinal directions not with the help of sight, but with the help of hearing. As an audio frequency generator, a blocking oscillator was used, assembled according to the classical scheme, but with a feedback circuit, where amorphous iron was used as an inductance core, which changes its magnetic permeability at magnetic field strengths commensurate with the Earth's magnetic field.
Citizen of Russia Brovin V.I. higher education - graduated from the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology in 1972. In 1987, he discovered inconsistencies with generally accepted knowledge in the operation of the electronic circuit of the compass he created and began to study them. He did this at home on his own devices. Three years later, he formed the conviction that this is a new unknown physical phenomenon. Brovin wrote about this to the Committee on Inventions and Discoveries, but he was told that he did not write the description in accordance with the instructions. He did not argue with them and decided to study this phenomenon himself. For 10 years of experiments and research in 1998, Brovin managed to explain the physics of oddities in the operation of circuits.
One of the oddities was that the inductors that make up the circuit transfer energy in a linear fashion, contrary to the laws of Ampère and Biot Savvar, which assume inverse proportion. In 1993, based on the discovery, Brovin designed and patented an absolute sensor - a device that converts angle (any) and distance (from microns to meters) into an electrical signal (tens of volts, or pulse repetition rate) directly. The Russian Patent Office has given the device the author's name as a distinguishing feature "Brovin's Sensor". The author called the device a kacher (a swing of reactivity).
A researcher who is not related to official science at home discovered the radiating properties of a transistor or radio / lamp and inductive pair, characterized in that the volume charge of the transformer, resistance is converted into a parametric capacitance that charges the inductance, and then breaks the electrical circuit, this causes collapse (destruction) of the accumulated energy of the inductance, through its own
resistance and energy is radiated into the surrounding space in the form of nanosecond pulses following with frequencies from fractions of Hertz to units of megahertz. It can be taken to an external galvanically uncoupled inductor, and the energy can be "drained" into a capacitance and the result is an iron-free DC transformer with an efficiency of 20 - 40%.
Radiation has the properties of a soliton - the energy of interaction between the inductances does not decrease inversely with the square of the distance between the conductors, but is almost linear with a proportionality coefficient less than one.
Brovin's quote:
"I'm trying to show you that there is an electrostatic component, a capacitive component and N. Tesla's discovery of "radian electricity" and naturally electromagnetic radiation according to Maxwell. These manifestations of electricity form Kacher's "strange work."
2. Theory of Operation
In 2000, Brovin developed a new "proximity relay" sensor - a device that allows creating a space charge of an electric field on an arbitrary metal or metallized electrically insulated surface. The entry of a foreign object into this field from the outside causes the relay inside the device to operate, and thus any information circuit (sound or light alarm, radio transmitter, pager, tape recorder or video camera) is launched.
When the bias in the base was changed, the continuous generation process was transformed into a discontinuous one, in the form of bursts of pulses. In 1988, Vladimir discovered that the signals that were taken as a blocking process are short needle-like pulses of tens of nanoseconds. Brovin doubted the presence of mutual inductance between the base and collector inductances, and such a circuit could no longer be called a blocking generator.
Continuing to study the properties of the resulting circuit and those close to it, in 1990 Brovin discovered that it also works without a core. It turned out that such a generator can be made both on known and on "incredible" circuits with one or more inductances connected to any electrodes of the transistor, and feedback is provided by mutual inductance both positive and negative. The generator works without feedback. The collector with the emitter can be interchanged, while the generation does not stop, only the waveforms change. Oscillator frequencies can range from fractions of a hertz to hundreds of kilohertz. These results can be achieved by choosing the number of turns in the inductors.
In 1991, it became clear that the generator can be assembled on any transistors and any power - bipolar, field with an insulated and conductive gate, and on a radio tube. In 1992, Brovin discovered that the coil, connected to the input of the oscilloscope, and observing the signal from the qualityr in it, when its position relative to the device within the desktop changes, the signal amplitude changes little. The coil can have any shape and size. The fewer turns in the coil, the less oscillatory processes occur in it when interacting with the input capacitance of the oscilloscope.
Initially, the author could not understand the physics of the Kacher for a very long time and only studied the properties. Brovin found that the LED connected to the receiver glows at a considerable distance: 3 - 5 cm or more from the inductor. This contradicts the laws of Ampère and Biot-Savart, since the value of mutual inductance between the inductor and the receiver in the absence of ferromaterials between them, measured in volts and amperes at the receiver, does not decrease inversely with the square of the distance, as is the case for a point source. The current or voltage measured in the receiver varies in direct proportion to the distance between the inductor and the receiver, and the proportionality factor is less than one.
The magnetic permeability of air and vacuum differ by a few percent. Then the question arose, how can energy be transferred? Kacher worked as a DC transformer with a relatively high efficiency, the output pulses were smoothed by a capacitance to DC.
A relatively new view of the phenomenon appeared when it became clear that extracurrents of self-induction should be taken into account. Extract current - energy absorption, which is observed during nuclear magnetic resonance. When the direct current is turned on, the extra current is observed only in the transient process.
The analysis of the phenomena with the help of a stroboscopic oscilloscope did not give new results. Kacher, assembled on a powerful transistor, with a large inductance, with many turns, did not give a proportional increase in the transformation power at the receiver. Everything remained within the same limits as on transistors of low power and low inductance. It seemed that a pulse of ten nanoseconds was broken up into even smaller parts than those that are visible with a conventional oscilloscope. It turned out that this was not the case, but in some modes it took place.
Kacher causes within a few nanoseconds a "nod" (mechanical displacement of the magnetic moments of the atoms of a substance, which occurs under the action of magnetic fields in paramagnets, and a precession caused in diamagnets) of the magnetic moments of the atoms that make up the space surrounding the inductor along the magnetic field lines formed by the inductor. The magnetic moments nod not at the same time, but over a certain period of time.
Near the inductor there should be a maximum concentration of nods excited by the inductor. The nods are transmitted to the periphery by chains connected by a magnetic field, and absorb energy from the inductor within nanoseconds, thereby causing an extra-current of self-induction. Along the axis of the circuit, composed of the magnetic moments of atoms moving away from the inductor to the periphery, the magnetic field strength is greater than in other directions. The plane of the receiver frame, crossing a certain number of chains (magnetic flux), when approaching the inductor, captures a larger number of chains, and less when moving away. This determines the directly proportional dependence of the energy transfer from the inductor to the receiver, which is confirmed by Brovin's numerous experiments.
The phenomenon described above is a new, sixth way of transmitting information, in addition to sound, light, electrical circuit, electromagnetic waves, pneumatics.
This is a way of converting technology for electronics from a two-coordinate current state of the arrangement of elements, to a three-coordinate one, since the transfer of information can be carried out without galvanic coupling through the Z coordinate and other axes, as now, but without galvanic coupling.
The new phenomenon opens up prospects in the knowledge of the properties of matter. For example, it will probably be simple methods to analyze the composition of a substance.
Similar properties should be discovered in electric fields.
The effect allows you to create simple and cheap means of automation and robotization, and this will make any manual labor ineffective.
There will be new ways of audio and video recording.
The inductance of the wire, which now blocks the passage of information, will become an active information-conducting material, because Kacher can also make a short-term break in the inductance circuit.
3.Effects observed during the work of Kacher Brovin
During operation, the Kacher coil creates beautiful effects associated with the formation of various types of gas discharges - a set of processes that occur when an electric current flows through a substance in a gaseous state. Typically, the flow of current becomes possible only after sufficient ionization of the gas and the formation of a plasma. Ionization occurs due to collisions of electrons accelerated in an electromagnetic field with gas atoms. In this case, an avalanche increase in the number of charged particles occurs, since in the process of ionization new electrons are formed, which, after acceleration, also begin to participate in collisions with atoms, causing their ionization. The occurrence and maintenance of a gas discharge requires the existence of an electric field, since a plasma can exist only if the electrons in the external field acquire energy sufficient to ionize atoms, and the number of formed ions exceeds the number of recombined ions.
Ranks Kacher Brovin:
Streamer (from the English. Streamer) - dimly glowing thin branched channels that contain ionized gas atoms and free electrons split off from them. Streamer - visible air ionization (glow of ions) created by explosives - Kacher's field.
Arc discharge - formed in many cases. For example, with sufficient power of the transformer, if a grounded object is brought close to its terminal, an arc may ignite between it and the terminal (sometimes you need to directly touch the object to the terminal and then stretch the arc, retracting the object to a greater distance).
4. Kacher's scheme
Kacher's basic elements: an inductor (secondary winding) and an inductor (primary winding). The coil is usually a helical, spiral or helical coil of solid or stranded insulated wire wound on a cylindrical, toroidal or rectangular dielectric frame or a flat spiral, wave or strip of a printed or other conductor. The inductor serves as an excitation winding.
Brovin's kacher is an original version of the electromagnetic oscillation generator, which can be assembled on various active elements. At the moment, bipolar or field-effect transistors are most often used in its construction, and radio tubes are somewhat less common, both triodes and pentodes. This device was invented by the Soviet engineer Vladimir Ilyich Brovin in 1987 as part of the electromagnetic compass of his design.
Brovin:
In 1987, I decided to design a compass that allows you to determine the cardinal directions, using not sight, but hearing. I imagined that it should be an audio frequency generator that changes the tone according to its location relative to the earth's magnetic field. As an audio frequency generator, a blocking oscillator was used, assembled according to the classical scheme, but with a feedback circuit, where amorphous iron was used as an inductance core, which changes its magnetic permeability at magnetic field strengths commensurate with the Earth's magnetic field.The sonic compass worked on orientation changes as intended. The pulse repetition rate varied by a factor of five as the orientation changed.
An analysis of the properties of the resulting circuit revealed many inconsistencies in its work with generally accepted concepts. It turned out that the signals at the transistor electrodes, measured on an oscilloscope relative to both the positive and negative poles of the power source, had the same polarity (npn transistors had a positive signal polarity on the collector, pnp negative). The inductance in the collector circuit had a resistance close to zero. The generator continued to work when a strong permanent magnet approached the core, which saturates the core, and the blocking process should have stopped due to the lack of transformation in the feedback circuit. In the core, hysteresis was not distinguished in any way, I was not able to identify it from the Lissajous figures. The amplitude of the signal on the collector turned out to be five or more times higher than the voltage of the power source.
Kacher (from “reactivity pump”) is usually called a simple funny device invented by a certain Brovin, and supposedly giving out more energy than it consumes. In fact, it is a very strangely made self-oscillator on a single transistor, with the main advantage in the form of a phenomenal design simplicity, being almost the simplest HV device known
Kacher - possibilities and methods of application
High-frequency demonstration generator of a high-frequency field, Kacher, he is also a self-oscillating single-cycle Tesla Coil.
A simple and reliable circuit consumes ~20W from the mains (modified 12V 2A network adapter included), and converts them into a field with a frequency of about 1 MHz (and also into a small streamer) with an efficiency of about 90%. Kacher is a black plastic pipe ~80x200 mm in size, closed on both sides, having a spring as a discharge terminal and a power connector. The entire electronic part is hidden inside the pipe. The primary and secondary windings of the resonator are wound on the outer surface of the tube. The circuit is completely stable and can work for tens and hundreds of hours without interruption.
The device is capable of lighting unplugged energy-saving and neon light bulbs up to 70cm away and more, and is a wonderful display device for any school or university lab, as well as a tabletop device for entertaining guests or an amazing magic trick device for those who is not indifferent to such scientific toys.
How to melt copper using an electric arc and other experiments with Brovin's kacher
Among radio amateurs, a very interesting device called "Brovin's kacher" is very popular. It can be used to observe spectacular corona discharges, lightning, plasma arcs. Many people on the Internet call the kacher a Tesla coil, but these are two completely different devices with a different principle of operation. In this article, we will focus on Brovin's quality, perhaps the simplest high-voltage device that you can think of.
Brovin's scheme
The circuit is extremely simple, containing only one transistor, a couple of resistors and a couple of capacitors. Capacitors serve to filter the supply voltage, one of them should be electrolytic with a large capacity (470-2200 microfarads), and the second should be ceramic or film with a low capacitance (0.1-1 microfarads), to smooth out high-frequency noise. Two resistors form a voltage divider, one of them should have a small resistance (150-200 ohms), and the second - about 10-20 times more. At the same time, a tuning resistor can be placed in series with a high-resistance resistor in order to adjust the qualityr to the maximum length of the discharges. On the printed circuit board attached to the article, a mounting place is provided for it. The transistor in the circuit can use almost any powerful n-p-n structure. The transistors KT805, KT808, KT809 have proven themselves well. You can also experiment with field ones and put, for example, IRF630, IRF740. The length of the discharges largely depends on the choice of the transistor. The transistor must be installed on the radiator, because a large amount of heat is generated on it. L1 in the diagram is the primary coil, and L2 is the secondary coil, a high-voltage discharge is removed from it.
Device board
The board is made by the LUT method, the print file is attached. Terminal blocks are provided on the board for connecting power wires and coil leads.
Download board:
Making a secondary (high voltage) coil
First of all, you need to make a secondary coil. With it, everything is simple and concrete - the more turns, the greater the voltage, respectively, the longer the discharges. You can use copper enameled wire with a cross section of 0.1 - 0.3 mm. It is very convenient to use a sewer pipe as a frame for the secondary winding, the optimal diameter is 5-7 cm. You need to wind the wire turn to turn, as carefully as possible. It is advisable to use a solid piece of wire so that there are no joints. But if the wire breaks in the process - it's okay, you can solder the piece that has come off to it, carefully insulate it and continue to wind the turns, it will work anyway.
To speed up the winding process, you can install the pipe on two supports on the left and right so that it rotates freely on them. This will make winding the wire much easier. If in the process of work it became necessary to leave, the tip of the wire can be fixed with adhesive tape, then it will be possible to return, peel off the adhesive tape and continue winding. In no case should you let go of the tip of the wire, otherwise the tension will disappear, the turns will disperse and you will have to start all over again.
After the coil is wound, the turns of the wire must be fixed on the pipe. It is best to use a transparent varnish, then the coil will look very beautiful. I smeared the coils with ordinary wax, he coped with his task, now it will be much more difficult to accidentally damage a thin wire.
Solder a regular wire to the lower end of the wire and fix it carefully at the edge of the pipe.
At the upper edge of the pipe is the so-called "terminal" - the place from which the corona discharge will "come". It is desirable to make it sharp, then the discharge will be concentrated at the tip of the needle. I fixed a bolt on the edge of the pipe, and screwed the tip of the dart onto the bolt, as seen in the photo. The secondary coil is ready.
Manufacturing of the primary coil
The primary coil contains 2-5 turns of thick copper wire with a cross section of 1.5 - 2.5 mm. It should be located around the secondary coil, its diameter should be 2-3 cm larger. For the frame of the primary coil, you can again use a sewer plastic pipe, you just need to take a piece of pipe with a diameter and length larger than for the secondary. At a distance of 10 cm from the top of the pipe, two holes are drilled through which a copper wire is threaded. The length of the discharge strongly depends on the number of turns, so their number is selected experimentally.
The wire from the turns themselves must be brought to the bottom of the coil, passing them inside the pipe. Be sure to fix with glue. The primary coil is ready.
Brovin's build
After the coils are wound, you can collect everything together. Two round pieces with holes in the center are cut out of the foam. The secondary coil should fit tightly into the central hole, and the outer diameter of the blanks should correspond to the diameter of the primary coil.
We place round blanks inside a large pipe, and then we put a secondary coil into them. If necessary, fix them with glue. The wire from the secondary coil must be brought to the bottom of the large pipe.
Two holes are drilled at the bottom of the large pipe, one for the power connector, the second for the toggle switch.
Now it remains only to connect the board to the power supply, putting a toggle switch in the gap of the positive wire, and connect the coil leads.
When all the wires are connected, you can check the operation of the device. Gently apply voltage to the board. If a small discharge appears on the terminal, then the qualityr is working. If the qualityr refuses to work even with an increase in the supply voltage, the conclusions of the primary coil should be swapped. Now you can experiment with the number of turns in the primary coil, move the coils relative to each other, finding a position at which the discharge will be maximum. The supply voltage range of the kacher is very wide - a small discharge appears already at 12 volts. When the voltage increases, it increases, along with it, the heat dissipation on the transistor also increases. Therefore, it is imperative to monitor the temperature of the radiator, because an overheated transistor will not work for a long time.
The last thing that remains is to install a board with a radiator inside a large pipe, in its lower part, put a toggle switch with a connector in the already drilled holes.
This kacher looks very impressive even in the off state. Corona discharge can be touched with a finger, it is quite safe, because the current from such a discharge flows over the surface of the skin without penetrating inside. This effect is called the skin effect, it occurs due to the high frequency of the qualityr. During long work, a large amount of ozone is released, so you should turn on the kacher only in ventilated rooms. Also, do not forget about the strong electromagnetic radiation that is created around the device. It can disable other electronic devices, so do not leave phones, cameras, tablets nearby. The generated electromagnetic field is so strong that gas-discharge (or, more simply, energy-saving) light bulbs are lit by themselves near the coil.