What is spinal osteochondrosis? Osteochondrosis - symptoms, treatment, signs, full description of the disease. Consequences of the development of chronic stages
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One of the most common diseases of the 21st century is osteochondrosis. has noticeably looked younger over the past few years. It is diagnosed not only in older people, but also in those under thirty; more and more teenagers are suffering from the disease.
The reasons for its occurrence are a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, sedentary work, and stress on an untrained back.
The disease leads to disruption of many vital functions of the body: arrhythmia, loss of sensitivity and paralysis of the limbs, often to disability.
Symptoms
Osteocondritis of the spine is a disease associated with dystrophic deformations of the intervertebral discs and their tissues. The danger is that in the first time after the onset of the disease, it does not reveal itself at all. Painful sensations are either absent or insignificant.
First, the physiological location of the discs is disrupted, tissues and cartilage become thinner, which gradually leads to the destruction of bones and joints; ignoring the problem leads to irreversible consequences.
WITHsymptomsOSteochondrosisA:
- pain in the spine of varying intensity;
- when moving;
- headache;
- in the region of the heart;
- numbness of the limbs;
- discomfort when sitting, walking, bending;
- loss of former flexibility.
There are several typesOSteochondrosisAspine: lumbar, cervical, thoracic.
Symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis.
The most common type of this pathology is Ocervical osteochondrosis, this is due to the initial weakness of the muscles of the department and the close location of the vertebrae.
It is characterized by degradation of the cervical vertebrae, the appearance of sharp pain when turning or tilting the head. Insufficient neck mobility contributes to a decrease in fluid in the areas between the vertebrae, and the cartilage becomes less elastic.
WITHsymptomswshe NWowosteochondrosisA:
- headache;
- impaired mobility and flexibility of the neck;
- ear noise;
- joint crunch when moving;
- headache;
- violation of movement coordination;
- growth of growth, the so-called withers.
Gradually shifting vertebrae put pressure on the nerve processes, causing pain and discomfort. Blood circulation worsens, headaches intensify. Ltreatmentwshe NWowosteochondrosisAspinemaybe a little longnudgedue to late diagnosis.
Symptoms of thoracic osteochondrosis.
Thoracic osteochondrosis– occurs less frequently than other types of the disease and is difficult to diagnose. Occurs more often in people suffering. Gradually, the curvature of the spine intensifies, deformation of the chest occurs, and discs are displaced.
Symptoms:
- constant nagging pain occurs,
- sometimes sudden sharp pain when walking,
- pain when raising arms, breathing.
- respiratory processes are burdened, shortness of breath appears,
- tingling between ribs.
The disease is similar to heart disease. Sometimes it manifests itself as pain in the mammary glands, radiating to the stomach. Unpleasant sensations occur between the shoulder blades, the pain worsens at night.
Symptoms of lumbar osteochondrosis.
Damage to the vertebrae, their compression due to unphysiological postures at work or when performing household tasks are the causes of the disease. Over time, disc loss and the formation of growths lead to partial loss of motor ability and disability.
Symptomslumbarwow ohSteochondrosisA:
- pain in the lumbar region;
- spreading pain to the pelvic area;
- pain going down to the legs;
- numbness of the legs, perineum;
- tingling in the legs, pelvis.
The causes of the pathology include improper physical activity, heavy physical labor, and sports injuries. Hernias, curvatures of the spinal column, and hump-shaped growths may appear.
The final stage of the pathology is characterized by difficulty urinating, defecating, or the uncontrollability of these processes.
Existing treatments
Can't put it offltreatment of osteochondrosis, Since it is useless to do this in the final stages, irreversible processes occur.
Modern medicine offers a variety of therapy methods; treatment of osteochondrosis at home, as an addition, can improve inpatient results.
Traditional is the drug treatment of spinal osteochondrosis.
The patient is given injections to relieve pain and prescribed medications. Special injections inhibit the development of bone abnormalities and relieve spasms.
Drug therapy for the treatment of osteochondrosis of the spine , indicated in the presence of symptoms:
- unbearable pain,
- difficulty moving,
- inflammatory processes.
Treatment of osteochondrosis of the lumbar region with medications includes taking painkillers, chondroprotectors, and, less often, ointments that relieve spasms and accelerate blood flow.
Treatment of spinal osteochondrosis involves limiting physical activity, adding walks, correcting nutrition, and alternating inpatient procedures with home ones.
Treatment of osteochondrosis at home may include:
- elements of special gymnastics;
- massage and self-massage with special devices;
- use of compact devices for physiotherapy;
- application AS- plates for the spine;
- thermal treatments.
Physiotherapeutic methods of treating osteochondrosis.
Treatment of osteochondrosis using stationary techniques involves the use of expensive equipment and is costly. The patient has to waste time traveling to the hospital or inpatient treatment.
Physiotherapy includes:
- electrotherapy, “currents”;
- magnetic therapy;
- UV rays;
- laser procedures.
Treatment of cervical osteochondrosis.
The presence of periodic intensifying pain in the area of the shoulders, neck, head, increased blood pressure, dizziness, and a characteristic hill-like compaction on the bend are typical signs of the disease.
Common methods for eliminating osteochondrosis of the cervical region – treatment with medications, massage, electrophoresis.
Treatmentosteochondrosiscervicaldepartmentspinemassage - effective only in the early stages, not during inflammatory processes.
Treatment of cervical osteochondrosis in late stages:
- this period is characterized by severe pain, the presence of bone growths of osteophytes, so pain relief is required;
- the occurrence of inflammation requires the use of drugs aimed at eliminating them;
- Severe bone destruction with cervical osteochondrosis will require surgical treatment.
For cervical osteochondrosis of the spine, treatment is often prescribed with ultrasound or magnetic waves - they relieve spasms, inflammation, and restore impaired tissue functions.
Treatment of cervical osteochondrosis at home problematic, but it will help ease the situation correct selection of pillows, mattresses, self-massage.
Treatment of cervical osteochondrosis is also possible with the help of leeches.
Treatment of thoracic osteochondrosis.
Compressive acute pain, lack of air, discomfort near the heart are symptoms of degradation of the spine-thoracic region.
What to do:
- if the pain is severe, anesthesia is mandatory;
- contacting your doctor;
- vitaminization;
- massages, mud therapy, acupuncture;
- after destructive intervertebral changes - surgery.
Treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis.
Important! If you have lumbar osteochondrosis, treatment at home is fraught with injury when performing gymnastic exercises and physical activity.
It is necessary to undergo a high-quality examination. X-rays, which are prescribed in regular clinics, will never show the whole picture of the disease! You will definitely need to undergo an MRI or CT scan.
These services are paid, but it's worth it. Osteochondrosis of the lumbar region, in 70% of cases burdened by the presence of hernias. There are also Schmorl's hernias, which only an MRI will show.
If you have a hernia, you should not bend forward, round your back, or lift heavy objects. All this will lead to aggravation. In particularly advanced cases, sequestration of the hernia may occur - leakage of fluid through the fibrous ring.
The most important thing in the treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis is changing motor patterns:
- change in posture to return lumbar lordosis;
- Avoid prolonged sitting leaning forward;
- relieving muscle spasms;
- eliminating the load on the spine, and at the same time strengthening the muscles.
Otherwise, the treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis is no different from the treatment of other parts.
Disadvantages of conservative treatment of osteochondrosis.
The disadvantages of such methods are:
- high price, not everyone can afford expensive activities,
- loss of time - frequent visits to hospitals are not accessible to everyone, not to mention a sanatorium stay;
- physiotherapy procedures, massages are effective only at an early stage;
- due to the patient’s late request for help, surgery becomes the only option;
- the result of surgical intervention is not always predictable and may result in disability;
- long period of rehabilitation;
- in 50% of cases, after surgery there is a relapse and the need for reoperation.
Despite the variety of methods , Treatment of osteochondrosis of the spine does not always lead to positive dynamics. The process of tissue restoration of intervertebral discs is complicated by the structural features of the spine.
Nutrients are supplied to the discs only during movement, due to the diffusion effect, because they lack blood vessels. The moisture needed to maintain the core of the disc also comes through diffusion.
All this significantly complicates treatment, inhibiting recovery processes. How to deal with this? It is necessary to add walking to the treatment - at least 1.5 hours continuously!
You can also use portable devices for physical procedures that cause vibrations in tissues, and as a result, diffusion, to deliver water and nutrients to the tissues of the discs.
AS plate treatment
An alternative to expensive procedures is to use AS– Pfins, which was developed by a group of scientists led by Doctor of Technical Sciences Alexander Suvorov , to provide treatment for osteochondrosis of the spine .
Suvorov’s innovative method has been certified, and since 2008 it has been tested on 97 volunteers, who noted positive dynamics in the treatment of osteochondrosis of the spine.
This information is on the official website: ASNano
For more than ten years, the plate underwent clinical trials; as a result, 12 scientific articles and four books were published, where facts confirmed the highly effective treatment of osteochondrosis.
Thanks to innovative research, effective treatment of osteochondrosis at home has become possible - AS – The plate is conveniently attached to the body.
The plate provides:
- treatment of spinal osteochondrosis;
- prevention of destructive processes of bone tissue;
- improving blood circulation, supplying cells with oxygen;
- relief of pain symptoms;
- influences the reduction of spinous formations;
- provides activation of electrons that prevent inflammation.
And most importantly, it increases the metabolic rate by 2.6 times. This occurs due to micropulses that create diffusion necessary to nourish the tissues of the intervertebral discs.
When developing the AS-plate, a special nanocoating was used, which activates the processes of restoration of damaged tissue, which makes it possible to eliminate osteochondrosis at any stage of neglect.
Compared to other methods of eliminating the disease, the AS plate has a number of significant advantages:
- efficiency;
- painlessness;
- Ease of use.
The product has no contraindications and facilitates the treatment of osteochondrosis at home.
The surface is covered with nanoparticles that have a delicate effect on cells and tissues.
UsageAS– platespainless. Incorrect massage can aggravate the disease, medications burden the work of the liver and kidneys, meanwhile the plate acts without contraindications, generating a magnetic field.
The device does not rub the skin; if you are very sensitive, you can attach it to your underwear.
The plate is conveniently attached to the spine area, first for two hours, then the contact time increases. At the same time, the patient goes about his business without feeling discomfort.
Spinal osteochondrosis is a pathological process in the spine characterized by degenerative-destructive disorders of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs.
The danger of the disease is due to the hidden course of the process; upon admission, patients enter the stage of complications, when severe pain begins.
Causes of osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis of the spine occurs as a result of the influence of predisposing factors on the human body. Triggers for the development of osteochondrosis:
- Heredity;
- back injuries;
- congenital or acquired defects in the structure of the musculoskeletal system (flat feet, changes in posture);
- metabolic failures caused by diseases of the internal secretion organs;
- Poor nutrition and excess weight; The disease does not differ by gender.
- viral and bacterial infections;
- lifestyle: lifting and carrying heavy objects, working in a draft, constant vibration exposure, physical inactivity;
- constant psycho-emotional overload;
- bad habits: smoking, alcohol, opiates.
There is a high risk of back pain in people who prefer to spend time at the computer, people who lack self-confidence (shuffling gait, drooping head and shoulders, constant stress), car drivers, office workers, athletes, people whose professions involve lifting and carrying heavy objects. .
More often, 2-3 unfavorable factors are involved in the development of the pathological process.
Osteochondrosis of the spine: types
Spinal osteochondrosis is divided according to the level of damage; each type has its own distinctive features and treatment features.
Osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine.
The most common back disease is osteochondrosis of the lumbar region, which is associated with a heavy load on this particular region. Prone to complications such as protrusion of intervertebral discs and the occurrence of hernias, both single and multiple. In case of complications, it may be accompanied by dysfunction of the pelvic organs and atrophy of the muscles of the lower extremities.
Osteochondrosis of the cervical spine
Second place in the classification of back diseases. Pathological processes develop as a result of a sedentary lifestyle and increased load on the shoulder girdle. The neck muscles require special training, in the absence of which they simply cannot cope with the load given their poor development.
Osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine
The rarest pathology of the back due to the low mobility of the region and the most developed muscle corset. It is difficult to diagnose due to a long asymptomatic course and mimicry of other diseases (coronary artery disease, intercostal neuralgia, lung diseases).
Common process
The pathology affects several departments at the same time, occurs rarely and against the background of congenital diseases of the musculoskeletal system, and is practically untreatable.
Multilevel osteochondrosis affects the entire spine.
Depending on the part of the back subject to destruction, it manifests itself as symptoms of diseases of different organs. For example, when the lower back is affected, the pelvic organs and legs suffer; when the cervical lesion is present, headaches and weakness of the shoulder girdle occur.
Osteochondrosis of the spine - stages of development
Osteochondrosis of the spine does not appear instantly; it is a progressive disease. If detected early, it is easily treatable.
1. At this stage, the disease does not manifest itself, deformation of the intervertebral disc begins, the process does not extend beyond the spinal column, the only manifestations of the initial stage are the appearance of stiffness in the back, especially with prolonged loads or a forced sitting position. Injuries from falls increase.
2. At the second stage, the destruction of the fibrous ring leads to a decrease in the height of the disc, the vertebrae acquire increased mobility relative to each other, which can lead to displacement. The process is detected radiographically.
3. With further destruction of the fibrous ring, protrusions (protrusions) of the intervertebral discs begin to appear, and the prerequisites for the occurrence of a hernia are formed. This period can still be cured without surgical methods. Against the background of the initial formation of protrusions, the development of pathology does not yet manifest itself.
Symptoms arise when the spinal cord roots are involved in the process, and pain appears. The formation of protrusions and hernias leads to severe deformation of the spinal column.
4. Advanced stage of the disease, accompanied by severe pain, leading to limited mobility. During this period, the quality of life is significantly impaired, work ability tends to zero, treatment is ineffective and is aimed only at reducing pain and restoring motor activity, if possible. Most often, surgery is required.
The development of the process in stages occurs gradually, the first two do not manifest themselves clinically.
Most often, patients seek help from specialists at the stage of severe disorders (stage 3-4).
Osteochondrosis of the spine how it manifests itself
Symptoms of osteochondrosis appear with significant destruction of the intervertebral disc, when the nerve fibers of the spinal cord are involved in the process. The manifestation of the disease depends on the location of the spinal disorder and may vary between patients with a similar degenerative process.
Pain, the most striking syndrome of spinal lesions
The clinical manifestation is caused by damage to the vessels and nerves located at the site of the spinal column disorder.
There are only 4 syndromes (a set of symptoms united by a cause).
1.Static. Caused by the occurrence of a disorder in the structure of the spinal column. In addition to curvatures, the flexibility of the spine is impaired, there is a feeling of stiffness in the back, poor mobility (difficulty straightening, bending, turning).
2.Neurological. Develops when nerves are damaged. The area innervated by the damaged nerve loses sensation, atresia (impaired sensation) or weakening of muscle strength may be present.
The main manifestation of nerve root damage will be pain. At an early stage, it is clearly limited and occurs with significant physical exertion or hypothermia. With the progress (development) of the pathology, the pain becomes permanent and begins to radiate along the nerve (the pain goes beyond the back).
In rare cases, complete (paralysis) or partial (paresis) disturbance of movement may occur. This condition requires surgery to restore the motor function of the organ.
3. Vascular. The development of vascular syndrome is facilitated by obstruction of blood flow through the vessel cavity due to pinching. There are signs of ischemia (insufficient nutrition of a part of the organ) and hypoxia (signs of lack of oxygen: dizziness, apathy, headaches, decreased performance, insomnia).
4.Trophic. The most severe damage to the spine (usually the lower back) can cause trophic lesions in certain areas (usually on the legs). It occurs with simultaneous damage to blood vessels (reduces tissue nutrition) and nerves (sensitivity disappears and there is a risk of microtrauma to the skin).
Manifestations of damage to the spinal column depending on the location of the deformity.
Symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis of the cervical spine most often manifests itself as severe headache. It occurs during prolonged forced positions, when working in a sitting or standing position, and is difficult to treat. Later, a feeling of weakness or stiffness in the shoulder girdle develops, and only with significant destruction of the cervical spine does pain occur, radiating to the arms, head, and face.
Cervical osteochondrosis is accompanied by pain in the neck, arms, and headaches.
All these symptoms force the patient to examine the head and heart first. Having not found a pathology, many simply put up with the situation, look for stronger pills and continue to simply relieve pain for a long time. And some initially do not go to the hospital for various reasons and only reach the stage of decompensation, when full recovery is no longer possible.
In older people or people who spend little time in the fresh air, cervical osteochondrosis can manifest itself as nausea, dizziness, and in rare cases, loss of consciousness. All these symptoms arise due to circulatory disorders when blood vessels are compressed by altered structures of the spinal column.
If you notice an unreasonable headache or increased fatigue, it is recommended to visit a neurologist and undergo the examination recommended by him. If detected early, destruction can be reversed with complete restoration of impaired functions.
Thoracic osteochondrosis
The most rare phenomenon, manifesting itself with various symptoms of damage to internal organs (angina pectoris, digestive disorders, etc.). The most favorable in terms of timely detection of the disease remains the symptomatology of intercostal neuralgia, in which the patient goes to the address (to a neurologist) and he, after conducting the necessary examination, prescribes effective treatment.
Osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine
Symptoms of lumbar osteochondrosis are manifested by pain or stiffness of movement. Which is not difficult to diagnose.
- Severe pain after physical activity;
- Pain syndrome along the nerve from the lower back to the toes, pain appears more often on the right side;
- In case of severe disorders of the spinal column, dysfunction of the pelvic organs may develop;
- Feeling of numbness or impaired movement of the lower limb as a complication of intervertebral hernia.
Regardless of the severity, any back pain or decreased mobility of the spinal joints is recommended to consult a neurologist.
Self-medication for an unknown reason gradually worsens the situation; the therapeutic effect will only be achieved if the remedy is chosen correctly. You can, of course, guess, but only a small percentage of people succeed.
Osteochondrosis of the spine: how is it diagnosed?
is a set of methods for identifying signs of the disease necessary for an accurate diagnosis. This is one of the main aspects of treatment. An error in diagnosis can lead to a sad outcome. A correctly established diagnosis and identified root causes of pathology will make it possible to most efficiently and fully influence the return of the body to a healthy state.
1. Survey. The doctor finds out everything that may be related to the disease.
2. Inspection. Deformation of posture, changes in muscle mass in relation to the healthy side. Flexibility of the back, the ability to perform various movements, whether pain occurs when bending or turning.
3. X-ray is the most informative method in identifying spinal pathology.
4. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can determine the extent of the disease and the involvement of nerve bundles and blood vessels. An auxiliary method for clarifying the diagnosis. May not be assigned.
After identifying the exact location of the destruction of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs, determining the degree of involvement of surrounding tissues and determining common concomitant diseases, the doctor selects a treatment package. In each case individually.
Osteochondrosis of the spine how to treat
Therapy for the destructive-degenerative process of the spine is complex and includes: conservative and surgical techniques.
1. Medications are used during the acute period of the disease. After eliminating the symptoms of the disease, only vitamins and drugs that strengthen and protect cartilage and joint tissue (chondroprotectors) are used.
2. Physical therapy is a method based on the therapeutic effect of movement. In the treatment of diseases of the back and joints, it is the most important technique that allows you to prolong the youth of your back and maintain activity for many years. At the early stage of the disease, for complete healing, only the systematic implementation of a specially selected set of exercises is sufficient.
One of the most highly effective ways to prevent the development of spinal osteochondrosis and reduce the negative impact of an existing pathological process is to actively engage in therapeutic exercises.
3. Massage: Enhances the beneficial effects of exercise therapy when used together, helps reduce pain and strengthen the back. Allows you to relax overstrained muscles and activate relaxed ones. Manual massage is superior to hardware massage and it is enough to take courses for 10 days once a year or six months.
4. Manual therapy. Impact on the muscular and joint system. Complements the massage course.
5. Physiotherapeutic procedures: treatment with water, light, mud, magnet, laser, ultrasound. All these methods help the body recover. Used as prescribed by a doctor.
6.Surgical treatment used for significant disorders of the musculoskeletal system or pelvic organs. It is possible to use minor surgical intervention if conservative therapy is ineffective.
With proper treatment and the patient’s responsible approach to recovery, complete restoration of all functions is possible. But this process is long and requires a lot of time and perseverance.
Prevention of spinal osteochondrosis
A healthy back is the key to a long and happy life, filled with a variety of happy moments.
Prevention of spinal osteochondrosis and other back diseases largely depends on a person’s ability to self-organize and take a responsible attitude towards their own health.
If spinal osteochondrosis occurs, the main treatment will be a correct lifestyle; drug treatment of this disease can only relieve a person of pain and slightly maintain the process at a level.
Complete recovery and good health depend only on the patient himself. Is the patient ready to make certain efforts to achieve a good therapeutic effect for a long time?
The most preferable option is to prevent the occurrence of pathology, to act proactively. Simple rules of healthy life behavior, instilled in a child from childhood and followed throughout life beneficially, will affect the general condition of the body. If you haven’t been accustomed to taking care of your health since childhood, it’s not too late to start.
In the prevention of back disease lies the secret of youth, health, activity and good mood.
Preventive measures for osteochondrosis are divided into:
- primary, carried out against the background of general health to prevent the development of a pathological process;
- secondary, measures aimed at alleviating the course of an existing disease and preventing the development of relapses;
- tertiary, used for advanced pathology, aimed at alleviating symptoms (for example, annual spa treatment for disability to reduce pain and prolong the ability to move independently).
Proper nutrition is one of the most important factors in the prevention of osteochondrosis at any stage of the formation of the pathological process.
Proper nutrition is one of the most important factors in the prevention of osteochondrosis at any stage of the formation of the pathological process.
Preventative measures for osteochondrosis
Preventive measures aimed at maintaining back health vary depending on the presence or absence of the disease and the level of impairment.
1.Primary. Conducted from early childhood. The best option for preventative measures.
Correct posture, avoiding overstrain of certain parts of the back, strengthening the muscle corset and maintaining it at a level throughout life. Correct body biomechanics (movement) when lifting and carrying heavy objects.
clinical examination. A routine examination by a doctor is aimed at timely detection of the slightest deviations and rapid lifestyle adjustments aimed at restoring the damaged organ.
timely and complete treatment of possible injuries to the musculoskeletal system: bruises, sprains, fractures.
2. Secondary. Carried out when a pathological process is identified:
- it is required to choose a profession with the absence of harmful factors due to the identified violation,
- strengthening the back, changing the position of the body in space when forced to sit for long periods of time, being active during the day,
- giving up bad habits,
- observation by a neurologist at your place of residence,
- timely intake of vitamins,
the use of physiotherapeutic procedures aimed at improving the health of the spine at least once every 3 years.
3. Tertiary prevention is carried out for persons who have received group 3 disability and is aimed at maintaining working capacity and motor activity:
a set of treatment and rehabilitation measures aimed at stopping the progression of the disease;
employment in accordance with the recommendation of the attending physician. Professions with factors such as prolonged sitting, vibration, hypothermia, lifting and carrying heavy objects are excluded. If it is impossible to find a safe job, the working day should be reduced.
By taking the necessary measures, even with a significant development of the destructive process in the spine, the patient can forget about pain, impaired movement and other undesirable symptoms for many years.
General rules for maintaining back health.
1. Diet for osteochondrosis. Therapeutic nutrition provides the body with the substances necessary to restore damaged cartilage tissue. There are no specific prohibitions on any products. You should reduce the consumption of fatty, spicy, salty, smoked foods and increase fruits and vegetables. The main requirement of proper nutrition will be variety and balance of dishes;
The predominance of vegetables and fruits in the diet will have a beneficial effect on your figure, health and mood.
The predominance of vegetables and fruits in the diet will have a beneficial effect on your figure, health and mood.
2. Exercise. Regular performance of individually selected exercises in accordance with the level of damage and stage of the disease helps to alleviate the condition and stop the development of the pathological process. At the onset of the disease, therapeutic exercises can accelerate the restoration of damaged cartilage, which can lead to a complete recovery.
To keep your body in good physical shape, you can choose any type of sport: running, swimming in the pool, cycling, skiing and rollerblading, dancing, yoga, qigong.
When choosing your sport, you should consider the impact of the activity on the body. For example, weightlifting is not permissible for osteochondrosis of the lumbar region.
Swimming pool activities are suitable for everyone, regardless of age and gender. Such prevention will bring a lot of positive emotions and will be a wonderful form of relaxation.
3. Hypothermia and stressful situations should be avoided.
4. Adequate load on the spine. Sharp turns, bends, lifting and carrying heavy objects should be avoided. If heavy work is required, safety precautions must be followed. Monitor your back condition. If overstrain occurs in a certain muscle group, it is necessary to take measures to relax. The same thing applies to sedentary work. Regardless of the type of activity, you should alternate between rest and work. Throughout the day, regardless of the type of activity, monitor the correct position of the body in space, straight posture, compliance with biomechanics when lifting weights. These simple rules of behavior require attention on the part of a person; self-control is constantly necessary.
Correct body position when lifting weights and everyday work will help prevent the development of the disease.
Correct body position when lifting weights and everyday work will help prevent the development of the disease.
5. If you have spinal disorders, you should wear corsets, especially during heavy physical activity.
6. Refusal of drinking alcohol and smoking.
7. Properly selected sleeping accessories: the pillow should be hard, the mattress should be medium hard, the bed should have a firm base for sleeping.
8. Wearing comfortable shoes. The love of the fair sex for high heels has a detrimental effect on the condition of the spine, especially the lumbar region.
9. Hardening the body.
10. Massage and self-massage.
Following simple rules will help you avoid many diseases, which will significantly improve your quality of life. The basis of a healthy back is movement and proper nutrition. Overload of the spine occurs during a sedentary lifestyle more than during physical work. If it is not possible to get rid of harmful factors that lead to the destruction of the cartilage tissue of the intervertebral discs, the body should be trained to increase resistance to their influence. Once a diagnosis of “osteochondrosis” has been established, you should actively take care of your health, this will avoid unpleasant complications.
In the early stages, complete recovery is possible without taking medications.
This is a chronic disease in which degenerative changes occur in the vertebrae and the intervertebral discs located between them. Depending on the location of the lesion in the spine, they are distinguished: cervical osteochondrosis, thoracic osteochondrosis and lumbar osteochondrosis. To diagnose spinal osteochondrosis, it is necessary to conduct an X-ray, and in case of its complications (for example, a herniated disc), an MRI of the spine. In the treatment of spinal osteochondrosis, along with medicinal methods, reflexology, massage, manual therapy, physiotherapy and physical therapy are widely used.
Etiology and pathogenesis
To one degree or another, spinal osteochondrosis develops in all aged people and is one of the aging processes of the body. Sooner or later, atrophic changes occur in the intervertebral disc, but injuries, diseases and various overloads of the spine contribute to the earlier onset of osteochondrosis. The most common osteochondrosis of the cervical spine and osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine.
About 10 theories of osteochondrosis have been developed: vascular, hormonal, mechanical, hereditary, infectious-allergic and others. But none of them provides a complete explanation of the changes occurring in the spine; rather, they are complementary to each other.
It is believed that the main point in the occurrence of osteochondrosis is the constant overload of the spinal motion segment, consisting of two adjacent vertebrae with an intervertebral disc located between them. Such overload can arise as a result of a motor stereotype - posture, individual manner of sitting and walking. Poor posture, sitting in an incorrect position, and walking with an uneven spinal column cause additional stress on the discs, ligaments and muscles of the spine. The process can be aggravated due to the structural features of the spine and insufficient trophism of its tissues, caused by hereditary factors. Most often, structural defects occur in the cervical spine (Kimerli anomaly, craniovertebral anomalies, Chiari anomaly) and lead to vascular disorders and the early appearance of signs of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine.
The occurrence of osteochondrosis of the lumbar region is often associated with its overload when bending over and lifting heavy objects. A healthy intervertebral disc can withstand significant loads due to the hydrophilicity of the nucleus pulposus located in its center. The core contains a large amount of water, and liquids are known to be poorly compressible. A rupture of a healthy intervertebral disc can occur with a compression force of more than 500 kg, while a disc altered as a result of osteochondrosis ruptures with a compression force of 200 kg. A load of 200 kg is experienced by the lumbar spine of a person weighing 70 kg when he holds a 15 kg load in the position of tilting the body forward by 200. Such high pressure is due to the small size of the nucleus pulposus. When the inclination increases to 700, the load on the intervertebral discs will be 489 kg. Therefore, often the first clinical manifestations of osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine occur during or after lifting heavy objects, doing housework, weeding in the garden, etc.
With osteochondrosis, the nucleus pulposus loses its hydrophilic properties. This occurs due to disturbances in its metabolism or insufficient supply of necessary substances. As a result, the intervertebral disc becomes flat and less elastic, and radial cracks appear in its fibrous ring under load. The distance between adjacent vertebrae decreases and they shift relative to each other, while displacement also occurs in the facet (facet) joints connecting the vertebrae.
Destruction of the connective tissue of the fibrous ring of the disc, ligaments and capsules of the facet joints causes a reaction of the immune system and the development of aseptic inflammation with swelling of the facet joints and surrounding tissues. Due to the displacement of the vertebral bodies, the capsules of the facet joints are stretched, and the altered intervertebral disc no longer secures the bodies of neighboring vertebrae so firmly. Instability of the spinal segment is formed. Due to instability, pinching of the spinal nerve root is possible with the development of radicular syndrome. With osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, this often occurs during head turns, with osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine - during bending of the body. It is possible to form a functional block of the spinal motion segment. It is caused by compensatory contraction of the vertebral muscles.
A herniated disc occurs when the disc slips backward, tearing the posterior longitudinal ligament and protruding part of the disc into the spinal canal. If at the same time the nucleus pulposus of the disc is squeezed into the spinal canal, then such a hernia is called ruptured. The severity and duration of pain with such a hernia is much greater than with an unruptured hernia. A disc herniation can cause radicular syndrome or spinal cord compression.
With osteochondrosis, bone tissue grows with the formation of osteophytes - bone outgrowths on the bodies and processes of the vertebrae. Osteophytes can also cause compression of the spinal cord (compressive myelopathy) or cause the development of radicular syndrome.
Symptoms of spinal osteochondrosis
The main symptom of spinal osteochondrosis is pain. The pain can be acute with high intensity; it intensifies with the slightest movement in the affected segment and therefore forces the patient to take a forced position. So, with osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, the patient holds his head in the least painful position and cannot turn it, with osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine, the pain intensifies even with deep breathing, and with osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine, it is difficult for the patient to sit down, stand up and walk. This pain syndrome is characteristic of compression of the spinal nerve root.
In approximately 80% of cases, dull pain of a constant nature and moderate intensity is observed. In such cases, during examination, the doctor must differentiate the manifestations of spinal osteochondrosis from myositis of the back muscles. Dull pain in osteochondrosis is caused by excessive compensatory tension of the muscles holding the affected spinal motion segment, inflammatory changes or significant stretching of the intervertebral disc. In patients with such pain syndrome, there is no forced position, but there is a limitation of movements and physical activity. Patients with osteochondrosis of the cervical spine avoid sharp turns and tilts of the head, with osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine - slowly sit down and stand up, avoid bending the body.
All symptoms of osteochondrosis that appear only in the area of the spinal column belong to vertebral syndrome. All changes localized outside the spine form extravertebral syndrome. This may be pain along the peripheral nerves when their roots are compressed at the exit from the spinal cord. For example, lumbar ischialgia - pain along the sciatic nerve due to osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine. In osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, these are vascular disorders in the vertebrobasilar region of the brain caused by compression of the vertebral artery.
Complications of spinal osteochondrosis
Complications of osteochondrosis are associated with a herniated intervertebral disc. These include compression of the spinal cord (discogenic myelopathy), which is characterized by numbness, weakness of certain muscle groups of the extremities (depending on the level of compression), leading to paresis, muscle atrophy, changes in tendon reflexes, disturbances in urination and defecation. An intervertebral hernia can cause compression of the artery supplying the spinal cord, with the formation of ischemic areas (spinal cord infarction) with the death of nerve cells. This is manifested by the appearance of a neurological deficit (impaired movements, loss of sensitivity, trophic disorders), corresponding to the level and prevalence of ischemia.
Diagnosis of spinal osteochondrosis
Diagnosis of spinal osteochondrosis is carried out by a neurologist or vertebrologist. At the initial stage, X-rays of the spine are taken in 2 projections. If necessary, they can photograph a separate spinal segment and film in additional projections. To diagnose intervertebral hernia, assess the condition of the spinal cord and identify complications of osteochondrosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI of the spine) is used. MRI plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of osteochondrosis and other diseases of the spine: tuberculous spondylitis, osteomyelitis, tumors, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatism, infectious lesions. Sometimes in cases of complicated osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, it is necessary to exclude syringomyelia. In some cases, if MRI is not possible, it is indicated
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used in drug therapy for osteochondrosis: diclofenac, nimesulide, lornoxicam, meloxicam, ketoralac. For intense pain, analgesics are indicated, for example, the centrally acting analgesic flupirtine. To relieve muscle tension, muscle relaxants are used - tolperisone, tizanidine. In some cases, it is advisable to prescribe anticonvulsants - carbamazepine, gabapentin; antidepressants, among which preference is given to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (sertraline, paroxetine).
If radicular syndrome occurs, the patient is indicated for inpatient treatment. Local administration of glucocorticoids, decongestant therapy, and the use of traction are possible. In the treatment of osteochondrosis, physiotherapy, reflexology,
According to statistics, the pathology occurs in 9 out of 10 people aged 50 years and older. Previously, osteochondrosis was associated with older age. Today the disease is “getting younger”; it can affect people aged 20-30 years and even younger.
The human spine consists on average of 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 3 - 5 coccygeal. All vertebrae, except the sacral and coccygeal, are separated by intervertebral discs. They provide a spring function - shock absorption while walking, running, jumping. In the center of each disc there is an elastic nucleus pulposus, and on the periphery it is surrounded by a denser fibrous ring.
Causes of osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis is the result of a combination of several causes. The main factors that lead to the development of the disease:
- Age-related changes in the spine.
- Spinal column injuries.
- Sedentary lifestyle.
- Excessive stress on the spine.
- Excess body weight.
- Impaired blood flow in the vertebrae.
- Autoimmune diseases.
- Poor posture, scoliosis.
- Working for a long time in a monotonous, uncomfortable position.
With osteochondrosis, the intervertebral disc is gradually destroyed and its height decreases. The distance between the vertebrae is reduced, as a result of which the roots of the spinal cord are compressed. As a result of compression and poor circulation, an inflammatory process develops. Later, changes begin to occur in the vertebrae. They become deformed and bone outgrowths form on them - osteophytes.
Symptoms of osteochondrosis
Manifestations of osteochondrosis depend on which part of the spinal column is affected. Cervical osteochondrosis manifests itself in the form of pain that can occur in the neck, in the suboccipital region, in the shoulder, and chest. The neck muscles become tense. The head takes a certain position in which the pain is not so strong. The range of movement in the neck is limited.
With cervical osteochondrosis, glenohumeral periarteritis can develop: inflammation of the tissues surrounding the shoulder joint. This causes aching pain in the shoulder. Vertebral artery syndrome is a disorder of blood circulation in the arteries that run in the neck and carry blood to the brain. There is pain in the back of the head, which usually begins in the morning, spreading to the back of the head, the crown.
Osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine manifests itself in the form of pain between the shoulder blades. The patient feels as if his chest is being squeezed from the outside. Sometimes the pain is girdling in nature and appears as if in a circle throughout the chest. It often occurs in the heart area, under the ribs.
The main symptom of lumbar osteochondrosis is pain in the lower back, radiating to the leg. Sometimes pain may occur only in the lower back or only in the leg. The leg muscles on the affected leg become weaker, and the patient notes that he is “dragging his leg.” Gradually, the muscles decrease in size and atrophy occurs. Skin sensitivity is impaired. She becomes pale and dry. The patient takes a forced position: his lower back bends in a position in which pain bothers him less.
What can you do?
Usually, the first sign of osteochondrosis occurs after hypothermia, intense physical activity, prolonged work in an uncomfortable position, or sleeping on an uncomfortable pillow. If there is no treatment, then the signs of osteochondrosis increase over time, the condition worsens, and performance decreases. It is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible and begin therapy.
With osteochondrosis, complete recovery cannot be achieved. But you can slow down the process and significantly improve the condition.
What can a doctor do?
A neurologist and neurosurgeon are involved in the treatment of osteochondrosis. During exacerbations, treatment is carried out in a hospital. Bed rest, anti-inflammatory and painkillers, and drugs to improve blood flow in small vessels are prescribed. Dry heat is applied to the area of the affected spine.
Between exacerbations, treatment is carried out, including massage, physical therapy, and physiotherapy.
Sometimes traction is performed: the patient is placed on a bed with the head end raised. For cervical osteochondrosis, a special cap is put on the head, from which weights of a certain weight are hung. For thoracic osteochondrosis, weights are used, suspended on rings by the armpits.
If the disease is accompanied by severe compression of the spinal roots and dysfunction, the doctor decides on surgical treatment. During the operation, pathologically altered intervertebral discs are removed and the vertebrae are fixed using various structures.
is a condition in which a number of disorders of the articular cartilage of a dystrophic nature are observed. Osteochondrosis can manifest itself in different joints, but most often osteochondrosis affects intervertebral discs . If we consider the location of the disease, then osteochondrosis is usually divided into chest , cervical , lumbar .
Osteochondrosis is a disease that causes pain in the back in approximately 80% of cases. In case of complications of osteochondrosis herniated intervertebral discs pain sometimes occurs in the head, limbs, and other organs. The most common is considered lumbar osteochondrosis , causing pain in the legs. Many people complain of symptoms cervical osteochondrosis , which causes pain in your arms and head. At chest form disease, pain occurs in the internal organs.
Causes of osteochondrosis
The initial cause is considered to be human upright posture. There are many different theories regarding the causes of osteochondrosis. These, for example, are hereditary predisposition, injuries, and metabolic disorders in the body. Determining the causes of this disease is complicated by the fact that the disease manifests itself in people of different ages, different physiques and physical levels of development.
There is also a theory that the cause of osteochondrosis is salt deposits in the spine. However, experts say that it is to a certain extent a misconception. And it is the correct analysis of the causes of the disease that is the basis for effective treatment of the disease.
With osteochondrosis, the nature of the disease is non-inflammatory
, degenerative-dystrophic
. During the development of the disease, tissue nutrition is disrupted and its structure is degenerated. People who constantly have active physical activity have stronger and more elastic bone tissue. This is explained by the fact that the discs of the spine in an adult do not have their own vessels, therefore, both oxygen and nutrients enter the discs from tissues that are located nearby. Such a process can only be complete if active blood circulation, which is only possible in the process of constant intense muscle work.
Each intervertebral disc is made up of two parts. In the center of the disc is the nucleus pulposus, which makes the disc elastic, and is surrounded by a fibrous, strong ring. If the nutrition of the intervertebral discs becomes worse, the structure of the biopolymer compounds may be destroyed. Due to the decrease in moisture content in the disc, it becomes brittle. And if the spine is subjected to overload, the nucleus pulposus is divided into fragments. As a result, its elasticity is significantly reduced. The fibrous rings also lose strength. Such phenomena become the starting point for the manifestation of osteochondrosis in a person.
Due to the manifestation degenerative-dystrophic changes occurs in the spine calcification damaged discs, ligaments, capsules. This phenomenon is the last stage of the disease development process.
Unfortunately, the reverse process after such changes in the spine is almost impossible. Therefore, the main task of treating osteochondrosis is to maintain the current standing.
Basically, the manifestations of osteochondrosis become more pronounced in people after reaching the age of thirty-five. Moreover, the older a person becomes, the more manifestations of the disease he or she experiences. However, recently more and more young people are turning to doctors with complaints of back pain.
The reasons for such an early occurrence of osteochondrosis are, first of all, very poor physical activity , problems with posture , and curved spine , And . Today, the main causes of osteochondrosis are considered to be the following:
- hereditary predisposition;
- problems with metabolic processes, intoxication, infections;
- being overweight, poor nutrition (low fluid intake, lack of microelements);
- the presence of spinal injuries, its curvature, incorrect posture, flat feet;
- existence in poor environmental conditions;
- inactive lifestyle;
- regular lifting of weights, working in uncomfortable positions for a long time, activities in which a person often repeats jerking movements, turns and bends of the body;
- too much physical exertion, overload of the spine due to foot diseases, inconvenience in wearing shoes, as well as stress during the period;
- sudden cessation of regular training by people who play sports, stress, heavy smoking.
Symptoms of osteochondrosis
People who suffer from osteochondrosis first of all experience noticeable pain in the back. Sometimes such pain is accompanied by numbness, as well as aching sensations in the limbs. If therapy for osteochondrosis does not begin on time, then the person quickly loses weight and develops atrophy limbs
. During physical exercise and stress, as well as during the process of lifting too heavy objects, in the process and coughing, the pain may become more intense. In a patient with osteochondrosis, the range of movements decreases, muscle spasms
.
Cervical osteochondrosis manifests itself due to the structural features of the cervical spine. The vertebrae of the cervical spine are significantly smaller than the vertebrae of other parts of the spine. Accordingly, cervical osteochondrosis manifests itself due to constant load on the neck. Symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis are expressed as follows: pain appears in the arms, neck, shoulders, and headaches may also occur. This type of disease is characteristic. When this syndrome manifests itself, a person feels the presence of noise in the head, “spots” flash before the eyes, and becomes dizzy. Multi-colored spots may appear before the eyes, and at the same time the person feels severe pain in the head of a pulsating nature. Symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis sometimes resemble signs, but the patient does not observe changes in the heart during examination.
In patients osteochondrosis of the thoracic region spine, the patient feels pain in the chest. The pain can radiate to the heart area, as well as to other internal organs.
Sick osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral spine they feel pain in the lower back, which can radiate to the legs, sacrum, and pelvic organs. Their nerve roots are affected, sensitivity is impaired, and may decrease and manifest hypotension .
Diagnosis of osteochondrosis
Preliminary diagnosis osteochondrosis“The specialist establishes this already during the initial examination of the patient. As a rule, the examination is carried out by a neuropathologist. Typically, the patient comes to the appointment with complaints of pain, as well as deformation or limited mobility.
The examination of the patient's spine is carried out in a standing, lying and sitting position, the doctor examines him both in motion and at rest. During the examination, the doctor must pay attention to the person’s posture, features of his physique, features of the spine, and the relief of the muscles that are located near the spine.
By palpating the spine, the results of the patient’s examination can be supplemented with information about whether there is a spinal deformity, where the pain is localized, and the degree of its intensity can be determined. During the palpation process, it is also determined how tense the muscles near the spine are, because muscle tone accompanies most diseases and injuries. In order to determine the range of motion of different parts of the spine, the possibilities of its flexion are studied.
When diagnosing osteochondrosis, it is often used CT scan , x-ray , Magnetic resonance imaging . These methods make it possible to find out what level of damage to the spine is, determine whether there are hidden pathologies and specify the diagnosis.
Thanks to the correct approach to diagnosis, the doctor can determine which treatment tactics to choose so that the result is the most effective.
Treatment of osteochondrosis
Treatment cervical osteochondrosis, as well as other forms of the disease and their complications, is carried out using conservative methods, the purpose of which is to eliminate pain, restore the functions of the spinal roots, and also to prevent degenerative phenomena in the structures of the spine.
If all methods of conservative treatment do not bring the desired effect, and there are special indications for this, then patients are sometimes prescribed surgical methods for treating osteochondrosis. The extent of surgical intervention directly depends on how affected the spine is and the intensity of the symptoms of the disease.
The duration of therapy also depends on the severity of the disease. As a rule, the active phase of treatment using conservative methods usually takes about 1-3 months. After the operation, the patient recovers for approximately one year. After the start of conservative treatment, many patients with osteochondrosis experience increased pain. This expresses the reaction of muscles and other formations to treatment.
If the pain syndrome is too severe, it can be stopped relatively quickly with the help of physiotherapeutic methods, medications and the use of a set of specially designed exercises for patients with osteochondrosis. It is important to take into account that an important factor that affects the effectiveness of treatment is the correctness of the patient’s behavior, his adequate attitude towards the need to adhere to the developed treatment method. For this, perseverance, patience and the desire to defeat the disease are important. It has been proven that the most effective is conservative treatment and recovery after surgery in sanatorium conditions, as well as in medical centers that specialize in the treatment of this disease. If you have the necessary equipment, as well as qualified doctors, comprehensive treatment will be the most effective and efficient.
Complex therapy for the treatment of cervical osteochondrosis necessarily includes physiotherapy , massage , reflexology , use of medications.
One of the most important methods of influencing the condition of the human musculoskeletal system is physical therapy. The patient regularly performs a certain number of exercises, during which the nerve roots are gradually decompressed, the muscle corset is corrected, and the flexibility of the ligamentous-muscular system increases. Special exercises for cervical osteochondrosis can also provide effective prevention of further development of the disease. The main condition for this is the regularity of performing all exercises.
When using physiotherapy, osteochondrosis is treated using physical factors - magnetic fields , low frequency current , ultrasound etc. This technique allows you to shorten the rehabilitation period after surgery, as well as enhance the effects of various medications.
With the help of massage, you can relieve muscle tension, improve blood flow, and have a generally strengthening effect.
Used to relieve severe pain manual therapy. This technique also allows you to correct your posture. Pain can also be relieved with spinal traction– procedures carried out using special equipment. Reflexology affects the reflexogenic zones of the human body and can significantly improve the effects of other methods.
During an exacerbation of the disease, treatment is used with medications, which relieve inflammation, relieve pain, and activate metabolic processes. Medicines are administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
The most noticeable treatment results are observed when several methods are used in combination. However, when treating cervical osteochondrosis and other forms of the disease, they should only be prescribed by the attending physician.
The doctors
Medicines
Prevention of osteochondrosis
To prevent the manifestation of osteochondrosis, you must constantly remember to follow several important rules. First of all, patients suffering from a certain form of osteochondrosis should be aware that they are prohibited from lifting weights exceeding 10 kilograms. If heavy loads and heavy lifting are expected, a special belt or corset should be used. You should not hold heavy objects on outstretched arms, this creates additional stress on the spine. When lifting weights, you should squat down and stand up with the heavy object. The load should be distributed evenly.
It is very important to drink some fluid before starting physical exercise or before any other activity, because if the body is dehydrated, the spinal discs cannot absorb the required amount of moisture.
Periodic back massage improves blood circulation and metabolic processes. After exertion or prolonged work in one position, it is advisable to hang on the horizontal bar or at least stretch a little with your arms raised up. Sudden turns and movements should not be allowed.
There is a special set of exercises aimed at preventing osteochondrosis. These are exercises aimed at developing flexibility and training the back muscles.
Complications of osteochondrosis
The following diseases appear as complications of osteochondrosis: protrusion, disc herniation, .
Diet, nutrition for osteochondrosis
List of sources
- Epifanov, V. A. Osteochondrosis of the spine (diagnosis, treatment, prevention) / V. A. Epifanov, A. V. Epifanov. - 3rd ed. - M.: MED-press-inform., 2008.
- Zhulev N.M., Badzgaradze Yu.D., Zhulev S.N. Osteocondritis of the spine. A guide for doctors. St. Petersburg, 1999
- O. N. Rodionova, G. A. Nikitina Osteochondrosis. The best methods of treatment. - M.: Vector, Nevsky Prospekt, 2007.
- Yulia Popova Osteochondrosis. The most effective methods of treatment. - St. Petersburg: Krylov, 2008.
- Kuznetsov, V. F. Handbook of vertebroneurology: clinic, diagnostics / V. F. Kuznetsov. - Mn.: Belarus, 2000
Education: Graduated from Rivne State Basic Medical College with a degree in Pharmacy. Graduated from Vinnitsa State Medical University named after. M.I. Pirogov and internship at his base.
Experience: From 2003 to 2013, she worked as a pharmacist and manager of a pharmacy kiosk. She was awarded diplomas and decorations for many years of conscientious work. Articles on medical topics were published in local publications (newspapers) and on various Internet portals.