Treatment of stomatitis in adults. Symptoms and treatment of stomatitis in adults and children at home. Anti-inflammatory drugs, antiseptics
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Diseases of the oral mucosa (stomatitis) can develop in people of different ages. As a rule, the reasons for the development of such an inflammatory process are: infection, local microtrauma, stress, acute respiratory infections, bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol, habitual biting of cheeks and lips), taking medications and decreased immunity. The development of stomatitis is characterized by seasonality: such diseases often appear in the spring-autumn period or during acclimatization after travel. Changes in hormonal levels in women often coincide with the first manifestation of stomatitis.
Forms of the disease
Stomatitis can be caused by various infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi).Stomatitis can develop as an independent lesion of the mucous membrane or be a symptom of an underlying somatic disease.
According to the severity of the course, acute and chronic stomatitis are distinguished. Depending on the cause of the disease, they distinguish: viral, bacterial, fungal stomatitis. Certain forms of the disease are stomatitis, which is a manifestation of blood diseases, damage to the cardiovascular system, metabolism, endocrine and nervous systems.
Allergic stomatitis
This form of the disease is one of the types of allergic reactions of the body, it is based in the oral cavity. Drug allergies often develop in response to the intake of sulfonamides; the contact form of the disease is associated with local exposure to the mucous membrane of the causative factor: plastic or metal prostheses or crowns made of various alloys. Allergic stomatitis manifests itself as burning sensations, itching, dry mouth, and mild pain when eating. The mucous membrane becomes bright red and swollen.
With severe allergies, blisters and blisters may appear, and when they burst, painful erosions form in their place. Body temperature may rise and general condition may worsen. When an allergy develops, a temporal relationship can be clearly established between the first symptoms of the disease and contact with the allergen (for example, fitting a prosthesis or taking medications).
Treatment of this form is aimed at eliminating contact with the substance or factor that caused the development of the disease. In mild forms of damage, it is enough to prescribe antihistamines (fenkarol, tavegil, zyrtek); in severe forms, intravenous administration of polyglucin, etc. is necessary. Local treatment is reduced to treating the mucous membrane with anesthetic and corticosteroid ointments (if necessary), applications of agents that accelerate healing: rosehip oil, vitamin A, 5% methyluracil ointment, rinsing with a pink solution of potassium permanganate, furatsilin, chamomile decoction. It is recommended to follow a low-allergenic diet and eat non-traumatic food until the ulcers are completely healed. After each meal, you should rinse your mouth with furatsilin or another disinfectant.
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Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (CRAS)
The causes of this form of the disease are not fully understood. The influence of the following factors is assumed:
- stress;
- allergic reaction to food components or microorganisms;
- virus penetration;
- lack of vitamins;
- chronic diseases;
- decreased level of immunity.
From the name it is clear that its main element is aphthae - superficial erosions of a round shape up to half a centimeter in diameter, covered with a white-yellow coating and surrounded by a red rim. The rashes can be either single or multiple, located on the mucous membrane of the lower or upper lip, tongue, cheeks, causing the patient a lot of discomfort. In addition to pain during eating or talking, general reactions of the body are observed: weakness, low-grade fever, loss of appetite,. Depending on the degree of damage and the timeliness of treatment, recovery periods range from 7 to 21 days.
As a rule, desensitizing drugs are prescribed orally (tavegil, suprastin, diazolin), locally the lesions are treated several times a day with antiseptics (hydrogen peroxide, furatsilin, chlorhexidine), as well as painkillers (5% anesthesin in oil, 2% r- p lidocaine), with multiple lesions and fusion of aphthae with the formation of extensive erosions, corticosteroid ointments can be used.
A fairly quick positive effect can be achieved by supplementing therapy with physiotherapeutic procedures: photophoresis, electrophoresis, medicinal preparations, laser therapy. A gentle diet is prescribed.
Vincent's ulcerative necrotizing stomatitis
With this disease, damage and necrosis of the mucous membrane of the gums, cheeks, tongue, and palate are observed. The lesion occurs more often in young people. Often occurs against the background of a chronic disease of the blood and cardiovascular system. The main causative factor is streptococci and in combination with other bacteria.
Predisposing factors:
- failure to comply with hygiene rules;
- stress;
- hypothermia;
- difficult eruption of wisdom teeth.
The disease begins acutely - with an increase in body temperature to febrile: 38-38.5 degrees, pain when trying to speak or eat. After some time, ulcers appear with a rich gray coating, and an unpleasant odor appears from the mouth. Not only can swallowing be painful, but also opening your mouth. Treatment involves taking broad-spectrum antibiotics, antihistamines (fenkorol, tavegil), trichopolum (1-2 times a day, course 5-8 days). Rinsing with antiseptic solutions, application of enzymes to lesions, and wound-healing ointments (actovegin, solcoseryl) are prescribed. With adequate treatment, complete recovery occurs within 7-10 days.
Herpetic stomatitis
The disease is caused by herpes viruses and develops under the influence of predisposing factors, such as decreased immunity, hypothermia, previous general illness, stress, vitamin deficiency, and acclimatization.
The onset of the disease is not always specific. Mild malaise, headache, decreased appetite, and a slight increase in body temperature may occur. These symptoms are often attributed to a cold or fatigue. After a few days, the body temperature may rise significantly, especially at night, and a person feels localized pain in the oral cavity during tongue movements, eating, and talking. Upon examination, small blisters are revealed on the mucous membrane of the cheeks, lips, tongue, which quickly open and tend to merge. Saliva becomes viscous and thick, bad breath appears, and severe pain makes it difficult to eat.
Treatment of the disease must be comprehensive. Antiviral drugs are prescribed orally (acyclovir, bonaftone according to the scheme) and locally (interferon, bonaftone, oxolinic ointments). To reduce pain, the lesions are treated with painkillers; to prevent additional infection of erosions, rinsing with antiseptic solutions and treating the oral cavity with Tantum Verde and Miramistin sprays are recommended.
If the disease recurs several times over the course of six months or a year, the patient must be comprehensively examined to identify what factor is causing stomatitis, and, if possible, eliminate contact with it, check the level of immunity, and identify hidden diseases.
Inflammation of the oral mucosa is a common dental disease that is extremely difficult to accurately diagnose. Its manifestation is confused with damage to the lips or tongue. In the case of stomatitis, the elements spread to the palate, lips and tongue. In this article I will tell you how to treat stomatitis in adults at home, the causes and methods of treating this disease.
Causes and symptoms of stomatitis in adults
Every doctor knows that the effectiveness of stomatitis treatment directly depends on a correct assessment of the causes of the disease. Based on the assessment results, drugs for treatment are selected.
- Allergy. The cause of stomatitis is an allergic reaction caused by toothpaste, food, medications or household chemicals.
- Damage to the mucous membrane. Consumption of traumatic food and low-quality dentures are not a complete list of factors that lead to the appearance of wounds in the oral cavity. Through them, an infection enters the body, which causes stomatitis.
- Excessive dryness of the mucous membranes . Causes the use of inappropriate toothpaste, dehydration, and the use of diuretics.
- Vitamin deficiency . Lack of metals, including iron, selenium and zinc.
- Bad habits . People who abuse cigarettes and alcohol encounter this problem much more often. Nicotine and alcohol lead to toxic poisoning of the mucous membrane.
- Immune system disorders. When the immune system is in order, the oral mucosa easily copes with its protective function. As soon as it decreases, it is much more difficult for the mucous membrane to resist infections.
- Poor nutrition . Unregulated consumption of carbohydrate foods has a bad effect on the acidity of saliva, which creates an ideal platform for the emergence of pathologies.
Under the influence of the factors described above, the oral mucosa becomes infected and stomatitis appears.
Symptoms of stomatitis
- Red spots and sores appear under the tongue and on the inside of the cheeks and lips. The disease is often accompanied by an unpleasant burning sensation in the area of these formations.
- Later, the area affected by stomatitis becomes painful and swollen. If the disease is caused by a bacterial infection, oval ulcers with a red halo form at the focal point.
- The patient's gums begin to bleed, the intensity of salivation increases, and bad breath appears. With stomatitis, the temperature may rise, and the lymph nodes located in the neck area may become slightly enlarged.
When a person develops this disease, even eating food brings discomfort and is accompanied by pain syndromes.
How to treat stomatitis in adults
Correct and timely therapy is the key to recovery. The duration of treatment reaches several weeks. If an integrated approach is used, you can cope with the disease in a couple of days.
First of all, you need to establish the cause of stomatitis. A visit to the doctor is a mandatory event.
- Treatment is represented by local therapy, which involves rinsing, washing, irrigating the mouth, and using ointments.
- Without fail, the doctor prescribes the patient antibiotics, antiviral drugs and medications aimed at strengthening the immune system.
Traditional methods of treatment
- For stomatitis, the affected area can be treated with a solution based on hydrogen peroxide. Pour a teaspoon of peroxide into half a glass of water. Gargling with this solution will help relieve pain.
- To eliminate inflammation, you can use Kalanchoe. Rinse your mouth with Kalanchoe juice throughout the day. You can chew the washed leaves.
- Rinse your mouth with cabbage or carrot juice diluted with water. Mix juice and water in equal quantities and use three times a day.
If you have not yet consulted a doctor, and you do not trust traditional medicine, you can alleviate the condition by giving up cold, hot and sour drinks, and solid food. For one week, I recommend eating food that has been grated. It won't hurt to replace your toothpaste. It is possible that it was she who caused the disease.
How to treat stomatitis in children
Unfortunately, stomatitis also appears in children. If this happens, try to quickly show the child to the pediatrician. Only he will prescribe appropriate treatment.
Do not use traditional treatment recipes without consulting a doctor.- After the ulcers disappear, treat the child’s mouth with sea buckthorn oil or Kalanchoe juice to speed up healing. Every four hours, spray the oral mucosa with a solution of potassium permanganate or peroxide.
- If a child has fungal stomatitis, it is recommended to create an alkaline environment in the mouth by wiping the mouth with a solution based on baking soda. To prepare the solution, dissolve a spoonful of soda in a glass of chilled boiled water.
- In case of traumatic stomatitis, disinfect the oral cavity using a natural antiseptic - a solution of chamomile or sage.
- Irrigate the oral cavity regularly with water using a rubber bulb. The doctor may prescribe an ointment or gel with an analgesic effect.
- When treating stomatitis, it is not recommended to use brilliant green. This drug kills germs, but can burn the mucous membrane, which will increase pain and contribute to the development of the disease. The list of undesirable products also includes iodine solution.
Some experts insist on treating not the stomatitis itself, but the reasons that caused it. At the same time, they recommend against self-treatment, because the child’s body is extremely fragile.
Self-intervention may lead to changes in symptoms, which will complicate the diagnosis of the disease. After self-cauterization, ulcers often degenerate into more serious formations.
Types of stomatitis in children and adults
When stomatitis appears, a person experiences pain, and his health worsens. Children often refuse food. It is necessary to combat this scourge as early as possible.
- Candida . It is caused by a fungus and can even affect infants. Accompanied by the appearance of a light coating that resembles pieces of cottage cheese. Plaque is found on the lips, gums, tongue and cheeks. Most often, children experience pain, burning and dryness. Additionally, appetite decreases and malaise is observed.
- Herpetic . The causative agent is the herpes virus. Since this type of illness is extremely contagious, the child should be isolated immediately. Herpetic stomatitis “goes hand in hand” with an increase in temperature and intoxication of the body: headache, drowsiness, lethargy, enlarged lymph nodes. Blisters with fluid appear on the lips, cheeks, gums and tongue. When they burst, red ulcers covered with a green coating appear in their place.
- Bacterial . The reason is lack of hygiene. It can be a concomitant disease in a child who has a sore throat or otitis media. The lips become covered with a yellow crust, and blisters and ulcers appear on the mucous membrane. Children complain of pain while eating or when opening their mouth.
- Allergic . This severe form of stomatitis is caused by food irritants - honey, preservatives and flavorings. Lips and tongue swell, and swallowing food becomes difficult. A burning sensation appears in the mouth, and some areas of the mouth begin to itch.
- Aphthous. Bacterial origin. Characterized by general malaise and fluctuations in body temperature. The oral mucosa becomes covered with red dots, which gradually turn into ulcers with a gray coating. Food and drink cause burning.
- Traumatic . This type of stomatitis is caused by wounds in the mouth. At the site of abrasions, burns and biting, ulcers appear, which hurt and cause discomfort.
- Angular. Consequence of vitamin deficiency. Formations with a yellow crust appear in the corners of the mouth. People often call them “jams.”
Stomatitis includes a set of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, which include cheilitis, glossitis, gingivitis, palatinitis. If the process involves the entire cavity, they speak of a generalized form of pathology, which can be independent or secondary.
Primary stomatitis in adults develops against the background of immunodeficiency or physical exposure. The disease also occurs as a result of another somatic pathology (changes in the liver and kidneys, hematopoietic, digestive or cardiovascular systems).
Types of stomatitis
In the regulatory document for recording morbidity, there is no single and generally accepted classification of inflammatory processes occurring in the oral cavity. The division compiled by Professor A.I. is often used. Rybakov and later supplemented by the domestic scientist E.V. Borovsky, which is based on the cause of the disease. The following types of pathology are distinguished:
- Traumatic– occurs as a result of physical, mechanical or chemical damage. It can occur with the formation of foci of necrosis, which is often found in burns with acids and alkalis.
- Secondary symptomatic– is a sign of dysfunction of the liver, heart, blood vessels, and endocrine system.
- Infectious– pathogenic microflora acts as the cause of the disease. Forms: bacterial (diphtheria bacillus), viral (herpetic) and fungal (candida).
- Specific– non-infectious origin. Occurs as a result of radiation or toxic damage. This group also includes drug-induced stomatitis, which develops when taking certain medications.
Clinical classification involves division based on morphological changes occurring in the affected area. The following forms exist:
- Catarrhal– hyperemia and edema of the mucous membrane without the appearance of necrotic or purulent areas.
- Ulcerative– characterized by the formation of defects in the oral cavity.
- Aphthous(acute or chronic recurrent) - the appearance of oval granular compactions surrounded by a red border.
- Radial– bluish color and bleeding of the oral cavity, severe gum damage, ulcers, dirty gray plaque. It is a symptom of exposure to ionizing radiation.
In 90% of cases, the doctor deals with catarrhal forms of stomatitis. However, it is not always possible to accurately diagnose the pathology. The erased and blurred varieties of the disease present difficulties.
Symptoms in adults
The clinical picture that occurs during inflammatory processes of the dental profile should be considered taking into account the form of the disease. Common symptoms are shown in the table:
Type of pathology in accordance with the classification of changes | Characteristic manifestations | |
Catarrhal | Hyperemia, edema, infiltration, white (later gray) plaque, enlarged gingival papillae, moderate bleeding. | |
Ulcerative | Defects of the mucous membrane, dirty films, general symptoms (low-grade fever, muscle pain, weakness). | |
Aphthous | Spicy | General toxic syndrome, granular rash on the mucous membrane. |
Recurrent | Repeated rashes in the mouth with seasonal frequency (spring and autumn). | |
Ray | Pinpoint hemorrhages, cyanosis of the mucous membrane, severe bleeding, gray plaque. There are short remissions followed by a return to normalcy. Extremely slow regeneration. |
The described clinical picture can vary widely. The symptoms that arise depend on the patient’s age, the body’s reactivity, the state of the immune system, and recovery abilities. The disease is severe in patients with HIV infection in the AIDS stage, agranulocytosis. Existing rashes quickly lose their original appearance under the influence of salivary enzymes and bacteria characteristic of the oral cavity. This makes differential diagnosis and determination of the form of the disease difficult.
The course of secondary stomatitis often depends on the underlying disease. For example, when an ulcer is in remission, inflammation in the oral cavity also subsides. Failure to comply with the recommended diet and a newly discovered gastric defect leads to a relapse of secondary symptoms.
How is stomatitis transmitted?
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Methods of transportation directly depend on the pathogen. Bacterial and viral forms are spread by airborne droplets, when when a patient sneezes, a fine suspension is formed that hangs in the air for a long time. Fungal forms are transmitted through kissing and through contact and household contact, through shared household items.
In reality, infection with stomatitis is extremely rare., since pathogenic microflora is actively suppressed by the immune system. Its distribution on the mucous membrane is possible only in conditions of weakened protective mechanisms or if there is damage.
Transmission of inflammatory processes of radiation, chemical or traumatic etiology is possible only with the addition of a secondary infection. In this case, the transmission routes do not differ from those described above. Infection can be reduced through etiotropic therapy.
First aid for stomatitis
Emergency intervention for superficial inflammation of the oral cavity is not performed. Treatment in adults is carried out as planned. Before visiting a doctor, you can rinse with soda. To prepare the working product, a teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate is diluted in 250 ml of boiled water. Its temperature should be 30–40 °C. When the particles of the active substance are completely dissolved, the mixture is taken into the mouth and rinsed thoroughly for 30 seconds. After this, the liquid is spat out. The procedure should be carried out 5-6 times a day.
The presence of general toxic syndrome is an indication for anti-inflammatory treatment. At home, you can take one NSAID tablet (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol). In addition, the patient is recommended to drink plenty of fluids, rest, and control skin temperature.
How to treat stomatitis in adults
Methods for stopping the inflammatory process depend on the form of the disease and its etiological factor. In classical medicine, certain medications are used for this; however, stomatitis can also be treated using traditional methods.
Drugs
Treatment of catarrhal types of pathology is exclusively local. The patient is prescribed daily treatment of the mouth with 3% hydrogen peroxide, which allows achieving an antibacterial and oxygenating effect. In addition, rinses with antiseptic solutions (Chlorhexidine, Miramistin) are used. The dentist sanitizes the oral cavity, polishes the sharp edges of the teeth, and removes sources of chronic infection. A diet is recommended that involves the consumption of thermally, chemically and mechanically gentle food (ground and steamed dishes).
Ulcerative stomatitis, in addition to similar local treatment, requires the use of keratoplastics (oil solution of Retinol acetate or palmitate), which accelerate the regeneration of the mucous membrane. Pain relief is carried out using anesthetic powders. The inflammatory process, accompanied by general symptoms, is an indication for taking antibiotics (Metrogyl, Tetracycline), NSAIDs (Aspirin, Paracetamol).
Herpes and other viral stomatitis are treated using etiotropic drugs (Acyclovir), while fungal stomatitis can be treated with systemic antifungal drugs (Fluconazole).
Internal instructions from medical professionals aimed at relieving aphthous stomatitis recommend local treatment. Antiseptic rinses and powders with tetracycline or nystatin are used (depending on the etiological factor). If systemic therapy is necessary, the patient is prescribed antibacterial agents, antihistamines (Tavegil) and anti-inflammatory drugs.
The radiation origin of the disease in question requires an integrated approach to the choice of sanitation techniques. For preventive purposes, a person is prescribed antimicrobial agents and rinses with antibacterial solutions. Pain relief is carried out by applying anesthetic powders and taking tableted painkillers. Stimulation of regenerative processes is realized using laser devices with a wavelength of 0.63 microns. It is possible to provide such an effect using the “Clinic” or “Yagoda” devices. Healing takes a long time, over several months.
The use of light methods of regenerative effects is strictly contraindicated for cancer of the oral cavity.
Folk remedies
Quick treatment of stomatitis using alternative drugs is possible only in one case, when the catarrhal variety is diagnosed. The following recipes are used:
- Ointment: mix liquid honey, olive oil and raw egg white in a 1:1:1 ratio. Add 1 ml of lidocaine to the composition and mix thoroughly. The resulting drug is applied to the affected areas 3-4 times a day. The medicine has a regenerative and anesthetic effect.
- Anti-inflammatory rinse: chamomile flowers are poured with boiling water and infused for an hour. The ratio of raw materials and water should be 1:10, respectively. The procedure is carried out several times a day. The spent solution is spat out. The product is inexpensive but effective, has a pronounced antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect.
- Rinse with oak bark: pour 3 tablespoons of raw material into 300 ml of water and place in a steam bath. Cooking time: 25 minutes. The product must be used in the same way as chamomile infusion. The drug allows you to treat stomatitis due to its tanning, analgesic, regenerating effect.
The use of herbal recipes does not always allow healing of the gums, inner surfaces of the lips, and other affected areas. For aphthous or ulcerative processes, the use of potent medications is required.
Prevention of stomatitis
Prevention of the disease in question requires several simple measures:
- Regularly visit a dentist to sanitize foci of chronic infection and polish sharp edges.
- Brush your teeth twice a day.
- Avoid traumatizing mucous membranes.
- Monitor changes in condition in chronic somatic diseases.
Such measures cannot completely eliminate the development of the inflammatory process, however, they reduce the likelihood of its occurrence.
Doctor's report
Stomatitis is relatively easy to treat. Problems arise in the case of running or widespread processes. Such conditions are much more difficult to cure. To avoid complications, a patient with signs of incipient inflammation should be provided with prompt assistance, which can only be provided by a medical professional. Self-medication for stomatitis is not recommended. To prescribe effective therapy, it is better to consult a doctor.
- what is stomatitis
- types of stomatitis
- causes of stomatitis
- symptoms of stomatitis
- treatment of stomatitis
- treatment of stomatitis at home
- prevention of stomatitis
What is stomatitis
Stomatitis is inflammation of the oral mucosa. In the mouth, it affects the mucous membranes of the tongue, lips and cheeks. It can be confused with glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), cheilitis (inflammation of the lips), gingivitis (inflammation of the gums).Types of stomatitis
Stomatitis can be: aphthous, herpetic, ulcerative and allergic.
Aphthous stomatitis
It can be acute (from a virus) or chronic. Acute differs from chronic in general manifestations: fever and general weakness.Aphthous stomatitis photo:
Chronic is often accompanied by the appearance of aphthae in the anterior region of the oral cavity on the inner surface of the lip and tongue. Ulcers can be single or multiple, up to five pieces. Sizes from 3 to 7mm. It practically does not cause any general ailments.
The causes of chronic stomatitis are often gastrointestinal diseases, allergic reactions and a general decrease in immunity. Relapses are possible.
Treatment with antibacterial agents, antihistamines and to enhance immunity.
Herpetic stomatitis
The reason is the herpes virus, which is in the body. It is believed that most of the population is a carrier of the herpes virus, which does not manifest itself in any way. But when immunity decreases, it becomes more active. Most often the disease goes away within 2 weeks. In adults, general manifestations such as fever and weakness usually do not occur. Possible enlarged lymph nodes.Herpetic stomatitis photo:
First, small bubbles with liquid form, which then burst. Forming small ulcers located in groups. On the inner surfaces of the lips and cheeks, tongue and palate. They often merge with each other, forming irregular shapes. Covered with a white-gray coating.
Priority for treatment in antiviral agents.
Candidal stomatitis (thrush)
Caused by the fungus Candida, which is constantly present in the normal microflora of the oral cavity. With a clear decrease in immunity, it actively reproduces, causing this type of stomatitis.Candidal stomatitis photo:
The manifestations differ from other types of stomatitis - cheesy spots and plaque form on the mucous membrane or tongue. When removed, reddened, erosive areas are visible. It is accompanied by dry mouth, cracks and jams in the corners of the mouth.
Treatment is mandatory with antifungal drugs! drugs.
Ulcerative stomatitis
The main reason is again a decrease in immunity. But in combination with poor oral hygiene, periodontitis and large amounts of tartar. Accompanied by an increase in body temperature, general malaise, and a pronounced unpleasant odor.Ulcerative stomatitis photo:
Damage to the mucous membrane is not pinpoint, but occupying large volumes, with a light gray coating. Often in the teeth area.
For treatment, use antibacterial agents, antibiotics, antihistamines and to improve immunity.
Allergic stomatitis
It may be a manifestation of an allergic reaction to an irritant. Then it will look like aphthous stomatitis. Or be a reaction to the prosthetic material.Allergic stomatitis photo:
Allergic stomatitis can be caused by a plastic component of a removable denture made using the old method. Or on the metal of a prosthesis or crown. Such cases are isolated. But in practice, there were even allergies to gold.
Antihistamines are required during treatment.
Causes of stomatitis
very diverse. There is not a single factor that would be the only factor for the occurrence of inflammation of the oral cavity.Bacteria or viruses
are always detected with stomatitis. Especially in ulcers on the mucous membrane. But the oral cavity always has an extensive and diverse microflora. There should be a strong additional effect on the harmoniously tuned microflora of the oral cavity. After all, stomatitis usually does not occur.
Let me explain. In the oral cavity there is CONSTANTLY from birth a huge number of streptococci, staphylococci, fungi, spirochetes... They influence each other. Restraining the excessive development of any one.
The body itself contributes to this - the antibacterial part of saliva helps maintain the dynamic balance of microorganisms living in the oral cavity. Restraining their reproduction, but not completely destroying them. Since its place will immediately be taken by another microflora. Which will become pathogenic (destructive) for the body.
Saliva does not destroy microflora, but ensures its quantitative and qualitative constancy. It is this balance between all bacteria that is called NORMAL MICROFLORA of the oral cavity!!!
This microflora, together with the antibacterial components of saliva, is involved in protection against microorganisms coming from the outside. Destroying them. And if it gets into areas that are difficult to wash away with saliva (cavities from caries, pockets due to periodontitis...) it inhibits the development of this microflora. Preventing it from multiplying and spreading further.
If there is a significant imbalance in the microflora of the oral cavity, this will definitely lead to inflammation of the mucous membrane - stomatitis. These factors are:
- acute or permanent injury to the mucous membrane: excessively zealous brushing of teeth, rough food, etc.
- decreased immunity from common colds, vitamin deficiencies, chronic diseases, poor nutrition to the effects of serious diseases (anemia, radiation for cancer, HIV).
- decreased immunity from stress has been definitively proven. Moreover, stress can be either constant or from a sudden stressful situation.
- entry of a large number of microorganisms into the oral cavity (dirty hands, unwashed foods...).
- conditions for the presence of bad microflora in poorly accessible areas (cavities from caries, tartar and plaque, leaky crowns, lack of proper teeth cleaning)
- uncontrolled use of drugs that affect the quantity and quality of saliva. Reducing its antimicrobial effect.
- inhibition of normal microflora by antibiotics. The pathological one is activated and grows greatly.
- exposure to hormonal surges in women, children and adolescents.
- previous dehydration of the body, therefore a decrease in the amount of saliva: prolonged vomiting, blood loss, diarrhea, etc.
It has long been noted that the oral cavity is a mirror of the body. All changes in it are reflected in the mucous membrane in the mouth. This is true for all types of gastrointestinal diseases (gastritis, pancreatitis, etc.), and allergic reactions. After all, wounds on the oral mucosa are not isolated - the same or similar ones are found throughout the digestive system from the mouth to... After all, stomatitis with wounds also appears with chicken pox, allergies to drugs or flowering.
Autoimmune influences
It is believed that the cause of stomatitis is possible due to autoimmune disorders. When the cells of the human immune system try to fight their own cells, causing wounds to appear on the mucous membrane. More often than not, the cause of stomatitis is a banal decrease in immunity.
Symptoms of stomatitis in adults
The appearance of single or multiple ulcers. Single, grouped in several rows or scattered throughout the entire oral cavity - on the inner surfaces of the lips, cheeks, tongue and palate. Allergic stomatitis can occur without the appearance of ulcers - reddening of areas of the mucous membrane.First, redness appears on the mucous membrane. There may be a burning sensation or pain. Then a local increase in volume occurs and a round or oval ulcer with smooth edges is formed. Not deep. If they are very close, they can merge with each other. Forming irregular shapes. The central area of the ulcer is covered with a white or gray coating. The edges are red. The main part of the oral mucosa is unchanged in color.
Ulcers are often very painful. Especially when chewing or simply touching.
In adults, stomatitis can occur without general changes. The same goes for severe weakness, increased body temperature to 39 degrees, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Inflammation of the oral cavity goes away from 4 days to two weeks. Depending on the type of stomatitis and its treatment. There are no traces left on the mucous membrane from the ulcers.
Treatment of stomatitis in adults
It is ideal to carry out treatment under the supervision of a doctor, and not to self-medicate! Depending on the type of stomatitis and the causes that caused it, a treatment plan is selected. It is divided into general treatment and local.Local treatment of stomatitis
designed to eliminate symptoms in the oral cavity - pain, swelling, healing of the mucous membrane, reduction and normalization of oral microflora. Typically, several drugs are used for treatment. First one, then the following:antiseptic rinses needed to reduce the amount of oral microflora. This is where treatment often begins. They will not give results for allergic, herpetic and candidal stomatitis. They can only prevent infection of mucosal defects. Rinsing is extremely necessary for aphthous and ulcerative stomatitis.
- hydrogen peroxide 1.5% additionally mechanically cleanses the surfaces of ulcers and mucous membranes from bacterial plaque
- weak solution of potassium permanganate
- Furacilin
- Chlorhexidine 0.05% works well for ulcerative and aphthous forms
- Miramistin helps with all stomatitis, but better with herpetic
- 1% solution of clotrimazole for candidiasis
- Stomatidin in solution or spray has antimicrobial and antifungal effects
- Lugol's in solution or spray. The solution is more effective
- Ingalipt spray antibacterial and immunomodulating effect
- Hexoral spray has a wider range of effects compared to Ingalipt
It should be noted that gels, not ointments, should be used for the oral cavity. Since the ointment will not stick to the mucous membrane. Therefore, they will not affect the mucous membrane in any way!
- Cholisal gel against bacteria, viruses, fungi. Has anti-inflammatory and anesthetic effects
- Kamistad gel antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug
- Viferon gel – pronounced antiviral effect
- Apply Candida in the form of an ointment or solution in a thin layer. Only for candidiasis!
removal of tartar and plaque. If they are on the teeth, then any even very intensive treatment will only lead to a temporary effect. It can provoke deeper problems in the oral cavity later. Therefore, professional teeth cleaning is the most effective and efficient treatment or the beginning of it.
painkillers to relieve pain in the oral cavity. Novocaine, lidocaine in weak concentrations or sprays. Many rinses, gels and oral tablets contain anesthetics.
lozenges and lozenges:
- Lizobakt strengthens local immunity, affects both bacteria and viruses
- Faringosept - antibacterial action
- Anaferon antiviral effect
- Grammidin is effective against bacterial inflammation. There is an option with an analgesic effect
- Imudon is an immunomodulator, increases the antibacterial properties of saliva
- Hyporamine based on sea buckthorn has antiviral and antifungal effects
- Decamine caramel: 1-2 caramels every 3-4 hours - only for candidiasis
- Solcoseryl gel does not contain antibacterial components, but has a good healing effect
- Sea buckthorn and preparations based on it speed up healing well
- Preparations based on vitamin A and rose hips promote rapid regeneration of the mucous membrane
oral sanitation– so that there are no carious defects, periodontal pockets and other cavities left. Serving as a depot for pathogenic microflora. Where neither medications nor saliva can reach them. Where they can calmly increase their numbers and wait for the next favorable factors. Re-causing stomatitis and other oral diseases.
Local treatment will lead to recovery, but for a speedy cure, a general effect on the body is also necessary. Some stomatitis (herpetic, candidal) cannot be cured without it. If the symptoms subside on their own, relapses will occur periodically.
General treatment of stomatitis
affects the elimination of global causes of the disease, increasing immunity, relieving general symptoms (fever, weakness) and preventing complications.Antiviral drugs mandatory for herpetic stomatitis. Simple rinses with herbs and chlorhexidine will not bring any results. Amexin, Viferon tablets are used
Antihistamines
needed for allergic stomatitis and severe inflammation of the mucous membrane:
- Tavegil
- Suprastin
- Claritin
Antibiotics are needed only in the treatment of ulcerative stomatitis. For herpes, allergies and candidiasis, they will not bring any benefit.
Antifungal drugs needed for the treatment of candidal stomatitis. Without them, other types of treatment will be ineffective.
- Nystatin or Levorin 1,000,000 units after meals 4-6 times a day for 10 days
- Diflucan capsules 1 time per day, 50-100 mg
- Amphoglucamine 200,000 units 2 times a day after meals
- Amphotericin B for severe and long-term forms, 250 units per 1 kg of body weight (for a course of up to 2,000,000 units)
Increasing general immunity for stomatitis is of great importance for a speedy recovery. You can use vitamins, dosage forms or herbal:
Herbal immunomodulators:
ginseng, St. John's wort, seaweed, nettle, rose hips, cranberries, thyme, walnuts and pine nuts will not have adverse reactions and will strengthen both the mucous membrane and the entire body. It is better to use them at the healing stage.
Treatment of stomatitis at home
For effective treatment, you need to know exactly what type of stomatitis is present. And for this, use the above listed drugs and treatment.Prevention of stomatitis relapses
To prevent the onset of the disease, it must be treated completely. To exclude relapses. Therefore, the general treatment begun must be completed. Don’t quit after the symptoms subside.Sanitation of the oral cavity so that carious cavities, periodontal pockets, etc. do not allow pathogenic flora and fauna to hide in them. Did not cause injury to the mucous membranes and tongue.
After treatment for stomatitis is completed, it is rational to continue taking vitamin complexes. And to normalize the microflora of the oral cavity and the entire gastrointestinal tract, use acidophilus or bifidoc. Avoid weakening your immune system...
Stomatitis is one of the most common pathological processes of an inflammatory nature that affects the mucous membranes of the oral cavity.
The result of the development of this disease is the formation of painful small ulcerative lesions on the oral mucosa.
In most cases, children succumb to the development of this pathological process; adults can also develop this disease, but this is a rarer occurrence. How to treat oral stomatitis in adults? We will examine this question in detail in this material.
Etiology
The symptoms of the pathology in children are practically no different from the symptomatic signs of stomatitis in the adult population, but the factors that provoke its development may be different.
Stomatitis on the inside of the lip
Modern methods of eliminating this pathology help stop the chronicity of stomatitis, provided that this disease is identified in a timely manner and the necessary measures are taken to eliminate it.
The causes of the development of the disease can be both local and general factors of human life, among which are:
- receiving an oral injury;
- allergic reaction of the body;
- infection with a viral, bacterial or fungal infection;
- development of irritation of the mucous membranes in the oral cavity.
The most common forms of stomatitis are: candidiasis, and forms.
Methods for treating stomatitis in adults on the tongue and oral mucosa are developed based on the provoking factors of its development. Most often, it should be comprehensive, including local and general therapy, consisting of taking antibiotics, antifungal medications, antiseptics, hormonal and anti-inflammatory drugs, etc.
It is important to remember that if a person has already had this disease at least once, then if preventive measures are not followed, provoking factors are not eliminated and daily procedures for hygienic treatment of the oral cavity are not carried out, frequent relapses may occur.
Treatment at home
In most cases, stomatitis in an adult goes away without any special treatment within 14-15 days.
But the presence of small ulcers in the oral cavity causes a lot of discomfort, forcing a person to look for methods to get rid of them.
There are several ways to eliminate pathological damage to the oral mucosa in an adult; this is local therapy, which consists of the use of special solutions for mouth rinsing procedures, as well as general therapy, which consists of the use of antibiotics, hormone-containing drugs and other medications.
Despite such high modern achievements in medicine, a specific drug capable of completely eradicating this pathology has not yet been developed. But there are means that can reduce pain and shorten the duration of development of pathology.
Treatment of stomatitis can be carried out at home by daily rinsing the mouth with antiseptic solutions, among which the most effective are:
- water infusion of common chamomile or calendula;
- a solution of a special antiseptic drug Miramistin;
- pale pink solution of potassium permanganate.
Among other things, when treating the oral cavity at home, it is necessary to observe some dietary restrictions. Namely, you should exclude spicy, sour and salty foods. Dishes must be neutral in terms of acidity and not cause irritation to the mucous membranes.
For the most accurate selection of an effective remedy for the treatment of dental lesions of the oral cavity, it is recommended to contact a qualified specialist to determine the form of its development and select the appropriate drugs.
To relieve the pain threshold, it is necessary to regularly lubricate the ulcerative lesions with special components, such as aloe juice, Benzocaine or Lidocaine. But before using these drugs, you must definitely consult with an experienced dental specialist and study the instructions for use attached to them as carefully as possible.
Drugs for drug treatment
The choice of medication and method of eliminating stomatitis in an adult directly depends on the form of the pathology and the factors that provoke it. Most often, experts recommend a comprehensive approach to solving the problem. Dentinox, Lidochlor or are prescribed as painkillers.
Treatment of stomatitis in adults is medicinal and requires a different approach:
- when ointments, sprays in the form of Hexoral and are prescribed, as well as rinsing the mouth using a solution or chlorhexidine;
- how to treat herpetic stomatitis in adults? Experts recommend treatment with Zovirax or Acyclovir in the form of an ointment, and also prescribe vitamin complexes necessary to strengthen general immunity;
- the fungal type of stomatitis is eliminated with the help of Clotrimazole in the form of a cream, Nystatin in the form of an ointment or Miconazole in the form of a gel. It is also recommended to carry out mouth rinsing procedures using a soda solution prepared at the following calculations: 1 tbsp. spoon of soda per 200 ml of water;
- If you are prescribed Claritin, Zyrtec or Fenistil.
To eliminate stomatitis in an adult, the following groups of medications can be prescribed:
- antiviral drugs in tablets;
- immunostimulants;
- drugs for symptomatic treatment;
- antihepatic drugs;
- antiallergenic agents;
- vitamins and preparations for local therapy.
Let's take a closer look at each type of medication.
Which doctor treats stomatitis in adults? If you find mouth ulcers, your best bet is to see a dentist.
Antiviral tablets
Treatment of stomatitis in adults with drugs is prescribed for a one-day course of treatment of the disease in question by prescribing a high dosage.
According to studies, this method of combating stomatitis is no less effective than 7-day standard therapy using a lower dosage of the drug.
For a one-day course, experts recommend the following drugs:
- Famciclovir-Teva tablets are one of the most expensive and most effective drugs. Prescribed for single use in a dose of 1500 mg or for two doses of 750 mg with a twelve-hour interval;
- Valtrex tablets prescribed for two doses of 2000 mg at twelve-hour intervals. This medication is cheaper and less effective than the above medication. But unlike the outdated Acyclovir tablets, it has a fairly good convalescent effect.
As for Acyclovir tablets, we can say about this drug that it has only one positive quality - a cheap price. The pharmacological properties of these tablets are insufficient to eliminate the pathology.
Local antiviral agents
This group of drugs includes some types of gels with an antiviral spectrum of action and antiseptic solutions for rinsing the mouth.
Gel Viferon
Among the most effective medications in this group of drugs are:
- Miramistin– mouth rinse solution. The use of this solution must be carried out in accordance with the attached instructions;
- Gel Viferon, which includes interferons that contribute to the provision of antiviral and immunostimulating effects on the patient’s body. Before applying the gel to the affected areas, they are pre-dried using a dry gauze swab. The gel must be applied at least 3 times a day for a week.
Immunostimulants
These components are presented in the form of vitamin complexes necessary to increase the patient’s overall immunity.
Among the most effective drugs are:
- Amiksin, helping to enhance the body's entire immune defense system.
- Imudon is an indispensable drug for enhancing the local immune defense system of mucous surfaces in the oral cavity.
Moreover, as an excellent support for the patient’s immunity, experts prescribe the use of vitamins for three months.
Symptomatic remedies
When body temperature rises above 38 °C, doctors prescribe antipyretic drugs.
It is important to remember that the use of such drugs when the temperature rises slightly above 37 ° C and below 38.1 ° C will contribute to causing more harmful effects than beneficial ones, since the range of pharmacological properties of these drugs is aimed at reducing the level of production of interferons by the body, which is the strongest obstacle to form your own immune system.
If you have herpes on the lips and facial skin
Herpetic lesions in the area of the lips and skin on the face are eliminated with the help of antiviral drugs presented in the form of a gel or ointment, among which the best option is the use of Fenistil Pencivir.
Antiallergic drugs
Among the huge number of antiallergic drugs, many experts in most cases prescribe the use of Suprastin, Diazolin, Tavegil and Claritin for a course of treatment lasting 10-12 days.
Suprastin
For local treatment of mucous membranes
To do this, antiseptic solutions are selected for the procedure of rinsing the mouth, after which an anesthetic anti-inflammatory gel-like drug is applied to the affected areas. The best option is to use Miramistin and Cholisal-gel or Stomatofit-A.
To enhance local immunity in the oral cavity
For these purposes, the use of Imudon lozenges is prescribed, 6 pieces per day for 15 days.
Antibiotic therapy
Typically, as part of antibiotic therapy, specialists prescribe a combination of the following drugs:
- Lincomycin injections and Metronidazole tablets;
- or two tableted drugs Amoxiclav and Metronidazole per course for 10 days;
- Claforan injections and Metronidazole tablets.
Before treating stomatitis in adults, and especially children, with antibiotics, it is necessary to consult a specialist.
Antiseptic rinses
They are carried out using a Chlorhexidine solution with a concentration of 0.05% at least 4 times a day for 2 weeks.
Treatment with folk remedies
How to treat stomatitis with folk remedies in adults?
Traditional recipes are also a fairly effective method of eliminating stomatitis.
The most popular is hydrogen peroxide, which has a disinfecting effect in combination with antiseptics.
To use it, you need to mix one tsp. peroxide and warm water. Rinse your mouth with the resulting mixture at least 3 times a day.
Propolis has the strongest anti-inflammatory effect. The tincture of this component must be diluted in the same proportion with boiled water and rinse the mouth with the resulting solution 2-3 times a day for 7-8 days.
Raw, finely grated potatoes are also widely used, which are applied to the affected areas at least 3 times a day for 7-10 days.
Flaxseeds have a healing effect due to their unique ability to accelerate tissue regeneration processes.
To use it, you need to boil one tablespoon of these seeds in two glasses of water. After boiling this mixture for several minutes, it should be filtered, cooled and used to rinse the mouth at least 3-4 times a day.
Video on the topic
Release of the TV show “Live Healthy!” with Elena Malysheva about how to treat aphthous stomatitis in adults and children: