How to treat breast mastopathy. What pain sensations accompany mastopathy Can breasts ache for mastopathy
![How to treat breast mastopathy. What pain sensations accompany mastopathy Can breasts ache for mastopathy](https://i0.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/diagnostika-mastopatii2.jpg)
The mammary gland is an amazing organ of the female body, which is designed to feed children. The composition of mother's milk is amazing and individual for each woman. But, unfortunately, the state of the mammary glands is very dependent on the concentration of hormones in the blood. So, the disease with the general name of mastopathy, which will be discussed in this article, occurs as a result of a decrease in progesterone levels and an increase in estrogen levels.
These hormones are produced by the ovaries. As a result of this hormonal imbalance, the epithelium lining the excretory ducts of the gland and connective tissue grows. Today you will learn about the symptoms, diagnosis of this disease, and how to treat breast mastopathy.
Types of mastopathy and diagnosis
There are two types of this pathology:
- diffuse;
- nodal.
The common path of development of the disease is the growth of dense fibrous tissue and the formation of nodules. This can happen both in women of reproductive age and in women who have gone through menopause. Mastopathy of the mammary glands should not be left to chance. Necessarily, in all cases, consultation and observation by a mammologist with subsequent treatment is necessary.
The diagnostic algorithm consists of several points:
- Evaluation of the patient's complaints.
- Inspection.
- Ultrasound of the mammary glands.
- Puncture of nodular and cystic formations.
- Mammography (diagnostic method using x-rays).
According to various sources, worldwide, mastopathy affects from 45 to 90% of women of different ages and social levels.
Of particular danger is the fact that any, even the smallest seal and neoplasm in the chest can lead to malignant degeneration or itself be a malignant oncological pathology.
![](https://i0.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/diagnostika-mastopatii2.jpg)
The possible risk of malignancy (malignancy) increases when cystic formations are detected. In each case of detection of fibrocystic mastopathy, the treatment is selected strictly individually, depending on many factors:
- the age of the patient;
- a history of pregnancy and childbirth;
- morphological form of mastopathy;
- the nature of the menstrual cycle (cycle duration, violation of the duration of the desquamation phase);
- endocrine pathologies;
- gynecological diseases;
- method of contraception.
The selection of therapeutic measures can be minimal, starting with lifestyle correction, up to surgical intervention. In the early stages of the disease, the treatment of mastopathy with folk remedies at home helps well. However, it must be remembered that alternative treatment procedures must be carried out, be sure to consult a doctor!
An important task of the doctor is to eliminate the causes of the disease, improve the quality of life and preserve the mammary gland.
Conservative method of treatment
Without a doubt, many of our readers have a question, how and with what, to treat mastopathy of the mammary glands?
To disassemble the methods of treating the disease, it is necessary to start with the most elementary points. The first and important point in the treatment of mastopathy is to change the style of eating. The principle is very simple, it is necessary to exclude from the diet all foods that can provoke a pathological process and pain syndrome, as well as contribute to the retention of estrogens in the body.
![](https://i0.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/dieta-pri-mastopatii.jpg)
Dieting
Scientific studies have shown that the consumption of methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline, theobromine) worsens the condition of patients. This compound is found in commonly known products such as coffee, chocolate, cocoa, black tea, and cola. Prevention of constipation and a ban on the use of products that contribute to the retention of feces in the body. It is necessary that the body is cleansed of harmful substances as soon as possible.
To achieve this goal, you need to introduce a sufficient amount of fiber-rich foods into your daily diet and observe the proper water and drinking regimen. It is necessary to drink up to 2 liters of pure water per day (liquid food does not count.) Good liver function also helps to remove excess estrogen from the body. But for this it is necessary to protect hepatocytes, this can be achieved by eliminating alcohol, nicotine and other harmful substances. A diet without fatty and fried foods is also important.
![](https://i1.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/dieta-pri-mastopatii2.jpg)
- Sea fish.
- Vegetable oils.
- Dairy products.
- Cereals.
- Vegetables
- Fruits.
- Lean meats.
- Mushrooms.
- Nuts.
Wearing a bra and consciously choosing the right model and fabric from which it is sewn can reduce pain and promote a speedy recovery. Accordingly, the wrong choice of this garment can lead to an improvement in the condition. Mammologists recommend wearing a bra for women with mastopathy, especially women who have large breasts.
![](https://i1.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/vybor-byustgaltera.jpg)
Pick up a bra exactly in size to avoid squeezing and deforming the chest.
- The choice of fabric should be in favor of natural fabrics that conduct heat well and absorb moisture.
- Choose a model without a foam component and rigid parts.
- Give advantage to wide and comfortable straps.
- Do not wear a bra for more than 12 hours.
- Allow your breasts to rest and not sleep in a bra.
Lifestyle
If a woman has been diagnosed with mastopathy, she must completely reconsider her lifestyle and categorically give up bad habits. Smoking is the cause of many women's problems not only with breasts, but also with the reproductive system. In terms of overall health, taking vitamins will be an important link. The doctor should prescribe a vitamin complex, depending on the initial condition of the woman. Positive effects:
- normalization of metabolism;
- antioxidant action;
- normalization of the functions of the thyroid gland, ovaries, adrenal glands, liver;
- general strengthening of immunity;
- stabilizes the functions of the nervous system.
Diuretics and blood flow aids
Cyclically occurring symptoms due to a change in hormonal levels every month can manifest themselves in the form of excessive swelling and soreness of the mammary glands. This is the so-called premenstrual syndrome, in which pain in the lower abdomen, muscles and impaired venous outflow are possible. To treat these symptoms, you should take mild diuretics in the form of diuretic herbal preparations or preparations based on them.
![](https://i0.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/shipovnik.jpg)
To improve blood circulation, you can eat more foods containing vitamin P:
- black currant;
- cherry;
- rose hip;
- chokeberry.
Preparations for strengthening the vascular wall, vitamin C, Askorutin.
Homeopathic preparations
This type of treatment is based on a different opinion from official medicine, that like is treated with like. That is, diluted homeopathic remedies in a concentrated form cause symptoms of the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to use such drugs with extreme caution, strictly observe the dosage. In order to eliminate the effect of an increased content of prolactin on the epithelium of the excretory ducts of the mammary glands and the inner lining of the uterine cavity.
![](https://i2.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/mastodion.jpg)
These preparations are based on medicinal plants, such as:
- tiger lily;
- iris;
- chilibuha.
Ready-made drugs are sold in the pharmacy network under different names:
- Mastodinone is the most prescribed drug.
- Biocycline.
- Remens.
- Cyclodion.
You should be aware that the theoretical foundations of homeopathy do not correspond to the scientific basic knowledge of medicine. In addition, the tests conducted by specialists did not reveal a difference between homeopathic remedies and placebo.
Nonsteroidal drugs
Sometimes, to relieve swelling and pain, doctors prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs a few days before the start of the cycle. It should be borne in mind that when taking such drugs, it is necessary to protect the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum from erosions and ulcers.
![](https://i0.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/nemesil.jpg)
As an example, the following drugs can be prescribed:
- Diclofenac.
- Nurofen.
- Nise.
- Nemesil.
Preparations to improve liver function
The smooth functioning of the liver contributes to the successful process of utilization and excretion of estrogens in the body of a woman. The liver, like a large filter, passes all the blood of the body and neutralizes all dangerous substances, including hormones.
![](https://i2.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/kak-lechit-mastopatiyu-molochnoj-zhelezy2.jpg)
As hepatoprotectors choose:
- Karsil.
- Gepabene.
- Heptral.
- Legalon.
Adaptogens, iodine preparations, sedatives
The emotional state of a woman who has been diagnosed with mastopathy can indirectly worsen her condition. Nervous experience in this regard can provoke vegetative disorders in the form of increased or decreased pressure, cause increased sweating.
To eliminate these signs, drugs called adaptogens are used. This is a group of medicinal substances of natural or artificial origin, which can increase the overall resistance of the body to the action of the external environment. Therefore, it is important to provide emotional peace and prevention of depression.
![](https://i0.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/persen.jpg)
These are drugs such as:
- Alvgen Relax.
- Novopassit.
- Sedariston.
Thyroid hormones can destabilize the work of all organs and systems of the body, as well as change the emotional background. To eliminate the lack of iodine, iodine-containing drugs are used:
- Iodomarin.
- Iodine active.
Hormonal treatment
An important link in the complex treatment of mastopathy is hormone therapy. To diagnose changes in the body as a result of an imbalance of hormones, several factors are taken into account:
- the pathological process covers both breasts;
- the intensity of the severity of symptoms directly depends on the menstrual cycle, and, accordingly, the change in the concentrations of sex hormones;
- pain and other unpleasant sensations weaken or completely disappear after the onset of menopause;
- the presence of other hormone-dependent diseases (uterine fibromyoma, cystic ovarian tumors, diseases of the adrenal glands);
- after taking hormonal drugs, the condition improves.
![](https://i0.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/lechenie-mastopatii2.jpg)
As a result of all these facts, certain drugs are used:
- antiestrogen;
- oral contraceptives;
- androgens;
- gestagens;
- prolactin inhibitors;
It goes without saying that the unauthorized use of hormonal drugs is unacceptable. How and how to treat mastopathy of the mammary glands, only a doctor can prescribe and correctly calculate the dose and regimen of taking the drug to successfully get rid of the disease.
Antiestrogens
These drugs have been used since the 70s of the twentieth century. The mechanism of action is such that with an increased level of estrogen in the blood of a woman, the drugs block specific receptors in hormone-dependent breast tissues. As a result, drugs block receptors and significantly reduce the effect of the hormone on the body.
The main drugs are:
- Tamoxifen;
When taking Tamoxifen in women, side effects were determined in the form of dizziness, nausea, increased sweating, at the beginning of therapy, increased pain and swelling in the mammary glands. Scientific studies have proven the association of Tomaxifen with the risk of endometrial cancer.
![](https://i0.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/fareston.jpg)
Fareston has become an analogue, in which side effects are minimized, and a positive effect is manifested in a month.
Oral contraceptives
When prescribing oral contraceptives, the doctor must be especially careful when choosing a specific drug. With the wrong appointment, the symptoms of mastopathy intensify and progress. From about the eighth week, women feel positive effects due to the suppression of ovulation, the synthesis of ovarian androgens and the synthesis of endometrial estrogen receptors, the drug of choice can be:
- Femodene;
- Marvelon;
- Silest;
- Jeanine;
The choice is made in favor of combined contraceptives, which contain different concentrations of estrogens and
gestagens. The course of admission is at least 3 months. Self-administration of oral contraceptives can lead to a worsening of the condition and aggravation of mastopathy.
Gestagena
This is a group of hormonal drugs aimed at suppressing the production of estrogen, thereby slowing down the function of the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is a neuroendocrine organ that regulates, including the production of sex hormones.
![](https://i2.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/lechenie-mastopatii4.jpg)
Effective in approximately 80% of cases. The course of treatment is chosen by the doctor, based on many factors. Examples of drugs:
- Dinazol;
- Linestrinol;
- Norgistrel.
The use of progesterone in the form of a gel that is applied to the skin will allow a woman not to experience discomfort from side effects.
Androgens
These are male sex hormones that are antagonists of female sex hormones. Antagonists are substances that have the opposite effect. A positive effect is observed in 2/3 of women. At the same time, the glandular tissue becomes homogeneous without tangible seals. Despite the positive effect, the presence of side symptoms overshadow the treatment process.
Women often say:
- nervous state;
- weight gain;
- the appearance of edema;
- a decrease in the amount of blood loss during menstruation up to a complete cessation (amenorrhea);
- increased sweating.
The contraceptive effect provided is very doubtful, which patients should be warned about.
Prolactin inhibitors
![](https://i1.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/lechenie-mastopatii3.jpg)
Prolactin is a hormone that is also produced by the pituitary gland. The organ on which this hormone acts is necessary for the implementation of lactation. It also promotes the growth of the mammary gland itself and increases the number of structural units - lobules.
This type of drug, which is prescribed exclusively after laboratory tests. In order to get a more accurate result, the doctor prescribes special additional drugs.
As drugs that you can choose, there are:
- Bromocriptine;
- Parlodel.
Taking inhibitors stabilizes the concentration of progesterone and estrogen, normalizing the menstrual cycle.
Surgery
![](https://i2.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/kak-lechit-mastopatiyu-hirurgicheskimi-sposobami.jpg)
Radical treatment measures include surgery. Unfortunately, the operation does not eliminate the cause of mastopathy, the risk of recurrence is always high. The group of patients who are indicated for radical therapy are those women who have not had the effect of conservative therapy for a long time and the nodular form of mastopathy. The volume of intervention may vary, but usually it is a sectoral mastectomy.
An urgent histological examination allows, even during the operation itself, to assess whether a malignant neoplasm or not. In the case when the neoplasm is malignant, the volume of resection can change, up to a total resection of the mammary gland. This type of treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy is carried out in an oncological dispensary under the supervision of a mammologist.
Self-treatment of mastopathy
If a woman, upon discovering seals in herself and having symptoms, decides not to go to the hospital, but to try to heal herself, this can lead to irreversible consequences and the development of breast cancer. Self-medication is absolutely not allowed.
Treatment should be comprehensive and aimed not only at eliminating the symptoms, but also at the cause of the disease. Folk remedies can only be regarded as additional treatment measures and only after consultation with your doctor.
![](https://i0.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/mastopatiya-narodnye-sredstva-lecheniya.jpg)
Treatment of mastopathy with folk remedies at home is permissible only after visiting a medical institution, and permission to carry out such procedures by your doctor.
Cabbage leaf for breast health
This is probably one of the simplest and at the same time, the most effective means for solving the treatment and prevention of mastopathy.
How to apply:
- Remove the leaf from fresh cabbage, carefully cut off the seals with a knife. It is advisable to wear not so elegant underwear, and put a cabbage leaf on your chest.
- If possible, walk all day with this natural compress, no one will notice it under your underwear.
- But if you feel discomfort, then you can do this procedure at home in the evening. You can also leave it overnight.
- Cabbage leaf will help relieve chest pain, for example, before women's days.
- Change the cabbage leaf as it dries out, usually a couple of times a day is enough.
- Treatment is carried out in courses. From two weeks to a month, Look at your well-being. After the course, take a break for two weeks and apply again.
![](https://i0.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/samolechenie-mastopatii.jpg)
Cabbage leaf compresses are good to use during breastfeeding, for the prevention of dairy diseases.
mother's glands. You can supplement the treatment in this way.
Compress recipe:
Put a gruel of grated beets and honey, mixed in a ratio of 3: 1, on a cabbage leaf. Apply the compress on the chest and leave overnight.
Pumpkin compress
Fresh pumpkin or carrots should be grated. Gently spread the resulting mass on gauze. Then apply to the sore chest, wrap with a film and secure well with a bandage.
Keep for two hours, do the procedure twice a day.
Rowan compress
Rowan berries should be rubbed well and applied to the chest. Then cover with a film and fix the compress with a bandage. The amount and time of the procedure, as in the previous recipe.
Propolis for mastopathy
![](https://i2.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/narodnye-recepty-lecheniya-mastopatii3.jpg)
In half a glass of water, dilute one teaspoon of propolis tincture, which is sold in a pharmacy. Drink twice a day, before meals.
Complex herbal collection for the treatment of mastopathy
This herbal recipe has a very wide spectrum of action, it can be used for women's health, with all types and forms of mastopathy.
Recipe:
- 3 parts dandelion leaves or flowers
- 4 parts of celandine grass;
- 1 part valerian roots;
- 3 parts yarrow herb;
- 2 parts nettle herb;
- 1 part motherwort herb;
- 2 parts eucalyptus leaves;
- 2 pieces of pine needles;
- 1 part birch leaves;
- 1 part thyme herb.
As you can see, all herbs are available, and they combine very well.
Preparation and application:
- Pour a teaspoon of the collection with a glass of boiling water, insist for half an hour.
- Then we filter.
- It is necessary to drink a healing infusion during the day, in equal parts, before meals.
The course of treatment is 2 months, after which you can take a break, after which you can continue the treatment of mastopathy with herbs.
Cake from mastitis
![](https://i0.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/mastopatiya-narodnye-sredstva-lecheniya2.jpg)
Prepare sour yeast dough, make small cakes out of it and apply to the sore chest. As soon as the dough cake dries, you need to attach a new one.
Wax compress
From familiar beekeepers or in the market where honey is sold, buy natural yellow wax. Melt the wax in a water bath, but do not bring to a boil.
- Lubricate the polyethylene lids for mayonnaise jars with sunflower oil and pour a thin layer of wax on them.
- We cover the mammary gland with hardened wax cakes, cover with a cotton cloth and put on underwear for fixation.
- Leave the compress overnight and remove in the morning. This wax can be used twice.
Wax healing compresses are done 10-12 times, it is important not to miss a single day.
herbal collection
Collection for oral administration: take 100 grams of wormwood herb and 50 grams of nettle and sage and plantain. Mix, pour a tablespoon of the collection into 250 ml. boiling water and leave for one hour. Strain and drink 0.5 cups, 40 minutes after eating.
![](https://i1.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/narodnye-recepty-lecheniya-mastopatii2.jpg)
Burdock and honey compress
Compress of burdock leaves, honey, and castor oil and lemons. Grind burdock leaves, two lemons and 100 ml. castor oil and honey. Mix everything until smooth, apply on a napkin made of natural fabrics. Apply to the chest at night.
Tinctures for the complex treatment of mastopathy
Tincture of cinquefoil
Alcohol tincture of cinquefoil, sold in the pharmacy network, will help in the treatment of a dangerous disease. You need to drink it 1 nightingal spoon, diluted in half a glass of water, 3 times a day, 35 minutes before meals.
This infusion is lymphogenic, has anti-inflammatory properties.
![](https://i2.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/nastojka-konskogo-kashtana.jpg)
A good result is the use of horse chestnut tincture to normalize blood circulation and suppress the inflammatory process. For self-preparation: tincture is prepared from chestnut flowers. Take chestnut inflorescences and pour vodka in a ratio of 1:10, let stand for 14 days in a dark, cool place. Strain and take 35 drops three times a day.
Oak bark tincture
Oak bark, crushed to a fine state in the amount of 2 tablespoons. It is necessary to fill it with a glass of cold water and heat it so that the water evaporates to half the volume. Wet a cotton cloth with this solution and apply on the chest, cover with cling film. The procedure time is 3-5 hours.
Treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy with folk remedies can and should be used in combination with taking medications prescribed by a doctor. A decoction made from whole grains of barley and oats will help speed up the recovery process from this ailment.
![](https://i2.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/otvar-ovsa-i-yachmenya.jpg)
Summer version of the decoction:
- We take a mixture of grains of oats and barley - 6 tablespoons, and pour them with one liter of boiling water in a saucepan.
- Then put the saucepan on a small fire and boil for 30 minutes.
- After that, cover the broth with a lid and leave to infuse, in a dark place, for 12 hours.
Why the summer version of the medicine? The fact is that during the use of a decoction, potassium is washed out of the body. Its loss is necessary, and can be perfectly compensated by eating fresh berries, fruits and vegetables.
Winter version of the decoction:
- Pour 6 tablespoons of a mixture of oats-barley with a liter of boiling water and put on the stove to boil, then reduce the heat.
- In this case, boil the broth over low heat for one hour. After that, we filter and pour a handful of dried fruits with the resulting liquid.
- We insist under the lid for 12 hours.
It is necessary to take a healing decoction throughout the day, in small sips, regardless of the meal. It will be useful to eat dried fruits, on which the medicine was insisted.
The course of treatment with a decoction of oats and barley is two weeks.
Oil treatment
In the early stages, the treatment of breast mastopathy can be started with a folk remedy, which is prepared from natural oils.
![](https://i2.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/lechenie-mastopatii-maslami2.jpg)
Preparation and application:
- To prepare this medicine, we take pumpkin seed oil, as well as oil from sea buckthorn berries.
- Pumpkin oil - 100 milliliters.
- Sea buckthorn oil - 2 teaspoons.
- Mix the oils and take 1-2 teaspoons orally, 30 minutes before meals. We carry out a course of treatment for one month. Then we take a break for two weeks.
After a month and a half, we replace pumpkin oil with milk thistle oil, and after another month and a half with flax seeds. Prepare and take as described above in the recipe.
Measures for the prevention of mastopathy
The right choice of hygiene products. We are talking about deodorants and antiperspirants. The composition of these funds includes a lot of chemical compounds that can possibly lead to mastopathy.
Breast self-examination. Every woman should know and possess the rules of self-diagnosis. With careful palpation, it is possible to detect seals in the mammary glands.
This must be done every month in the first ten days of the cycle. During menopause, self-examination is carried out at the beginning of the month.
![](https://i0.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/diagnostika-grudi2.jpg)
If you find these symptoms, you should contact your doctor:
- redness or rash;
- asymmetry of the breasts or nipples;
- pain on palpation;
- puffiness;
- discharge from the nipples;
- seal or knots.
![](https://i0.wp.com/ibeauty-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/diagnostika-grudi.jpg)
Conclusion
At all times, the female breast has been a symbol of fertility, femininity and beauty. It is necessary to monitor the health of the mammary glands, to carry out prevention and examination in time.
Mastopathy is considered a precancerous condition, so it is important to know how to treat breast mastopathy and approach the treatment of this pathology in a complex manner.
Mastopathy of the mammary glands cannot be eliminated on its own and almost always needs treatment. According to various statistics, in recent years, from 50 to 90% of women suffer from this disease, and the main danger of this breast disease lies in the ability of neoplasms to degenerate into a cancerous tumor. That is why any forms of this pathology are considered by mammologists as a precancerous condition and need constant monitoring and treatment. In this article, we will introduce you to the principles of treatment of mastopathy of the mammary glands. Once you have this information, you can ask your doctor if you have any questions.
The risk of tumor malignancy increases with the appearance of cystic formations. Of no small importance in tissue malignancy is the degree of growth (proliferation) of the epithelium of the mammary glands and the appearance of signs of calcification of neoplasms.
There is no single scheme for the treatment of mastopathy, its tactics depend on many factors:
- woman's age;
- form of mastopathy;
- character ;
- the presence of concomitant diseases: gynecological, endocrine, extragenital;
- the desire to preserve reproductive function or achieve a contraceptive effect.
In some cases, in women of reproductive age, according to the ANDI classification, some fibrocystic changes in the mammary glands may be normal. But in the presence of a significant deterioration in the quality of life, the presence of severe complaints and a high risk of malignancy (for example, in history), the approach to monitoring and treating such patients should be more thoughtful and comprehensive.
If mastopathy is detected in women by chance, as a concomitant pathology, and is not accompanied by complaints, then treatment is usually not prescribed. Such patients are recommended regular breast ultrasound or mammography (sometimes diagnostic puncture) at least once a year and observation by a mammologist.
If mastopathy is moderately cyclic or permanent and fibrocystic changes (without obvious microcysts) in the mammary glands are diffuse, then conservative therapy can begin with the correction of physiological cycles and the appointment of a diet. As a rule, this approach is allowed in the treatment of young and healthy women.
Patients with severe mastopathy, accompanied by persistent or cyclic pain, the presence of palpable changes in the structure of the gland or discharge from the nipples, treatment is always prescribed. With a diffuse form of this disease, a woman is recommended conservative therapy. The tactics of prescribing certain drugs in such cases depends on the data of a comprehensive examination of the patient. And if fibrocystic forms of mastopathy are detected, a woman can also be prescribed conservative treatment, but in some cases a surgical operation is necessary.
Conservative therapy
Non-hormonal agents
Diet
Products containing methylxanthines contribute to the swelling and soreness of the mammary glands in women with mastopathy.Many clinical studies on the treatment of mastopathy indicate the fact that there is a close relationship between the appearance of structural changes in breast tissues and the consumption of products containing methylxanthines (theophylline, caffeine and theobromine). That is why the rejection of products with a high level of methylxanthines (coffee, cocoa, chocolate, tea, cola) can significantly reduce the swelling and soreness of the mammary glands. Many experts always recommend such a diet correction in the treatment of any form of mastopathy.
Nutrition and this disease of the mammary glands has another relationship. Eating, which contributes to the development of chronic constipation and disruption of the intestinal microflora, also contributes to the development of mastopathy and. It is likely that this relationship is dictated by the reabsorption in the intestine of estrogens already excreted in the bile. That is why experts recommend that their patients introduce more fiber-containing foods into their daily diet and drink enough water (up to 2 liters per day).
Of no small importance for the normal functioning of the mammary glands is the state of the liver, since estrogen is utilized in this organ. That is why patients with mastopathy are advised to exclude from their diet any foods that adversely affect the functions of this organ. These include alcoholic beverages, fried and fatty foods, hepatotoxic substances. And to improve liver function, women are advised to additionally take B vitamins and dietary supplements based on them.
- fish (preferably sea);
- vegetable oils (linseed, olive, pumpkin, walnut);
- low-fat meats;
- dairy products: sour cream, cottage cheese, milk, cheeses, goat's milk;
- cereals: buckwheat, wheat, oatmeal, etc.;
- mushrooms;
- legumes;
- spinach;
- bell pepper;
- carrot;
- cabbage;
- beet;
- eggplant;
- zucchini;
- seaweed;
- nuts;
- fruits and berries.
- fatty meats;
- flour products;
- semolina;
- salty dishes;
- smoked meats;
- margarine;
- conservation;
- coffee;
- mayonnaise;
- ketchup;
- carbonated drinks;
- alcoholic drinks.
Choosing the right bra
Every woman should pay attention to the correct choice of a bra, especially for patients with mastopathy. Its wearing is recommended for all women with such a disease of the mammary glands.
The presence of a bra that does not fit or has an irregular shape leads to deformation of the breast and its compression. In addition, such a garment contributes to the overload of the ligamentous apparatus. This point is especially true for women with large and drooping breasts.
- the product must fully comply with the required size;
- preference should be given to natural or hygroscopic fabric;
- it is better to abandon the choice of models with a foam seal;
- the fabric should not shed;
- wear strapless products as little as possible;
- choose models with wide straps (especially with large breasts);
- after purchase, adjust the length of the straps;
- do not sleep in a bra;
- do not wear a bodice for more than 12 hours a day.
In some cases, choosing the right bra helps reduce or completely eliminate the symptoms of mastopathy.
Lifestyle change
![](https://i2.wp.com/myfamilydoctor.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/shutterstock_281101001-768x512.jpg)
Women suffering from mastopathy should make lifestyle changes:
- quitting smoking and drinking alcohol;
- balanced diet;
- sufficient motor activity;
- refusal to visit baths and saunas;
- exclusion of stress;
- rejection of natural and artificial tanning.
In addition, they are contraindicated in physiotherapy and massage.
vitamins
Reception of vitamin preparations for mastopathy:
- contributes to the normalization of metabolism and hormonal levels;
- has an antioxidant effect;
- strengthens the immune system;
- stabilizes the activity of the central nervous system;
- normalizes the functions of the thyroid gland, liver, ovaries and adrenal glands;
- normalizes reproduction and maturation of epithelial cells.
Diuretics
It is possible to weaken the manifestations of cyclic mastopathy that occurs with premenstrual syndrome and is accompanied by swelling of the feet and hands a few days before menstruation, using light diuretics. It is advisable to use diuretic medicinal herbs or preparations based on them for this. In addition, during this period, a woman needs to limit the amount of salt consumed.
Means to improve blood circulation
In patients with mastopathy, local changes in blood circulation in the mammary glands are often observed. They usually occur due to impaired venous outflow. To normalize it, many experts recommend that their patients take products containing vitamin P (blackcurrant, citrus fruits, raspberries, cherries, rosehips, chokeberries), and preparations based on it (Ascorutin). Often, their use allows you to stabilize blood circulation, and with repeated thermographic studies, such violations are not detected.
Homeopathic preparations
To eliminate hyperprolactinemia, normalize the state of the ducts of the mammary glands and eliminate the pathological division of endometrial cells, women may be recommended to take drugs based on various medicinal plants (prune, cyclamen, tiger lily, iris and chilibukha). Mastodinone has become the most popular homeopathic remedy prescribed for mastopathy. In addition to it, the following tools can be recommended:
- Biocycline;
- Remens;
- Cyclodinone etc.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
In some cases, to reduce cyclic mastalgia, specialists prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to their patients a few days before menstruation. For this can be used:
- Diclofenac;
- Nurofen;
- Nise and others.
However, such appointments cannot be long-term and permanent, and complex treatment of mastopathy is recommended to eliminate unpleasant symptoms.
Means for the normalization of the liver
Hepatoprotectors can be used to eliminate liver dysfunctions that affect the hormonal background and stabilize its functioning. A woman can be assigned:
- Essentiale;
- Legalon;
- Gepabene;
- Karsil and other drugs.
Adaptogens and iodine preparations
To normalize the functioning of the intestines, liver, thyroid gland and immune system in case of mastopathy, various iodine-containing drugs and adaptogens can be recommended:
- Klamin;
- Rhodiola extract;
- Eleutherococcus tincture;
- Iodomarin;
- Iodine active, etc.
Calming agents
![](https://i2.wp.com/myfamilydoctor.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/shutterstock_363658994-e1487158734283-768x530.jpg)
In women, the state of the mammary glands is often influenced by the psycho-emotional background. Troubles in the family and at work, frequent depression, dissatisfaction with oneself - all these factors can contribute to increased pain. To eliminate them, experts often recommend that their patients take sedatives. Usually preference is given to the appointment of light drugs based on medicinal herbs:
- tincture of valerian, motherwort, peony;
- Persen;
- Alvogen Relax;
- Novo-passit;
- Sedariston;
- Dormiplant;
- Nervoflux and others.
Only if they are ineffective, stronger sedatives can be recommended to patients:
- Afobazole;
- Adaptol;
- Tenoten and others.
dietary supplements
To stabilize the menstrual cycle and hormonal levels, the normal functioning of the immune system, liver and intestines, various dietary supplements can be recommended:
- Indinol;
- Mastofit Evalar;
- Stella;
- Kelp;
- Diures;
- Garcizan;
- Lecithin Choline;
- Brest Care+;
- Biozyme;
- Indogreen;
- Citrus pectin, etc.
The choice of dietary supplements should be made only by a doctor, who is guided by data on the patient's health status obtained during the examination.
hormone therapy
The processes of development of mammary gland tissues, their differentiation, maturation and growth are fully coordinated by the interaction of the following hormones:
- estrogen;
- progesterone;
- prolactin;
- androgens;
- a growth hormone;
- thyroxine, etc.
Metabolism and the activity of the reticular formation and limbic system have a certain influence on these processes. Many facts indicate a significant influence of the hormonal background on the development of mastopathy:
- tissues of both glands undergo changes;
- the severity of symptoms depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle;
- pain decreases after menopause;
- mastopathy is often combined with other hormone-dependent diseases (, infertility);
- taking hormonal drugs affects the condition of the mammary glands.
Based on the above facts, the following hormonal agents can be used to treat mastopathy:
- antiestrogen;
- oral contraceptives;
- androgens;
- gestagens;
- prolactin inhibitors;
- LHRH (or analogues of gonadotropin-releasing factor).
Hormonal drugs can only be prescribed by a doctor who is guided by the results of the examination of the patient.
Antiestrogen drugs
Antiestrogens such as Tamoxifen and Fareston can be used to block estrogen receptors in breast tissue. With hyperestrogenism, these drugs do not allow estrogens to bind to receptors and reduce their effect on gland tissues.
Antiestrogens have been used to treat mastopathy since the 70s. First, Tamoxifen was used, which was effective in 65-75% of cases. 2-3 months after taking it, the patients showed a decrease in mastalgia (in 97% of cases), stabilization of the menstrual cycle and a significant decrease in blood loss during menstruation.
Sometimes at the beginning of the reception, patients noted an increase in sensations of breast swelling and pain, but over time, these adverse reactions decreased. In addition to these side effects, taking Tamoxifen can cause dizziness, nausea, increased sweating and hot flashes.
In a number of publications, data have appeared that this drug is capable of exerting a carcinogenic effect on endometrial tissues and leading to the development of its induced hyperplasia and cancer. That is why another antiestrogen drug, Fareston (ORION PHARMA INTERNATIONAL, Finland), was created. According to many experts, its active ingredient Toremifene is more effective and has fewer adverse reactions. The first therapeutic effects from taking this remedy appear within a month after the start of administration, and side effects are observed much less frequently.
Oral contraceptives
This group of hormonal agents is usually prescribed to women under 35 years of age. In addition to protecting against unwanted pregnancy, oral contraceptives contribute to the normalization of the menstrual cycle and reduce the manifestations of mastopathy already in the first 8 weeks after the start of administration. When properly prescribed, the drugs suppress ovulation, steroidogenesis, the synthesis of ovarian androgens and the synthesis of endometrial estrogen receptors. In some cases, with the wrong choice of an oral contraceptive in women, the signs of mastopathy increase, in such situations it is necessary to select another drug.
The following drugs can be used for treatment:
- Femodene;
- Marvelon (or Mercilon);
- Silest;
- Jeanine and others
When choosing an oral contraceptive, preference is given to means in which the content of estrogen is the lowest, and progestogen is higher. Drugs are prescribed for at least 3 months. For the treatment of mastopathy, the appointment of mini-pill oral contraceptives is not recommended, since the dose of hormones in them is extremely low to affect the disturbed hormonal background of a woman.
Gestagens
These drugs help suppress estrogen production and slow down the gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland. According to statistics, in 80% of cases they are effective in the treatment of mastopathy. The drugs are prescribed in courses with interruptions, the duration of which is determined by the doctor individually for each woman.
Previously, gestagens - testosterone derivatives - Danazol, Linestrinol and Norgestrel were used more often. However, now preference is usually given to derivatives of progesterone - medroxyprogesterone acetate. In addition, a topical progesterone-based drug such as Progestogel (gel) can be used to treat mastopathy. When using it, a woman does not have to experience the side effects that are observed when taking hormones orally.
Androgens
These drugs are estrogen antagonists and inhibit their activity. Usually, Danazol is prescribed for the treatment of mastopathy, which reduces the synthesis of gonadotropic hormone. As a rule, the therapeutic effect is observed in 2 out of 3 women - the structure of the breast becomes homogeneous, and the risk of cysts decreases.
When taking Danazol, the following side effects may occur:
- nervousness;
- weight gain;
- puffiness;
- sweating;
- vaginitis etc.
The doctor must warn the patient about their possible appearance. In addition, a woman should be made aware that the contraceptive effect of the drug is very low and unwanted pregnancy while taking it without additional methods of contraception may occur.
Prolactin inhibitors
Preparations of this group can be prescribed only with laboratory-proven prolactinemia. To obtain more accurate test results, it is recommended to administer a thyroid-stimulating hormone releasing factor (TRP test) before blood sampling.
With proven prolactinemia, patients with mastopathy may be prescribed such prolactin inhibitors:
- Bromocriptine;
- Parlodel.
After taking them, there is a decrease in the synthesis of prolactin, the balance between progesterone and estrogen normalizes, the menstrual cycle stabilizes, mastalgia and nodular formations in the tissues of the glands decrease.
Gonadotropin-releasing factor analogs (or LHRH)
Taking these drugs is usually recommended for severe mastopathy and the ineffectiveness of other hormonal agents. These drugs help lower estrogen and testosterone levels. However, LHRH preparations have a large number of side effects in the form of hot flashes, amenorrhea, dizziness and arterial hypertension. That is why their appointment should always be balanced and focused on a specific clinical situation.
Surgery
![](https://i2.wp.com/myfamilydoctor.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/shutterstock_554021800-768x512.jpg)
In recent years, most specialists have been wary of surgical methods for the treatment of mastopathy. Interventions do not completely eliminate the causes of the disease, and even after several operations, relapses are possible.
As a rule, surgical treatment of mastopathy can be recommended for some patients with a nodular form of this disease and a long absence of the expected effect from conservative therapy. In addition, the operation is indicated for accumulations of microcalcifications, intraductal papillomas, detection of epithelial growths during cytological analysis, and the presence of large cysts with hemorrhagic contents. Treatment of such patients should be carried out in an oncological hospital.
The extent of surgery may vary. A sectoral resection of the gland (i.e., removal of the affected area) is usually recommended. During the operation, an urgent histological examination of the removed tissues is performed, and if malignant cells are detected, the scope of intervention can be expanded.
With multiple cysts and nodes, intraductal papillomas, an extended resection of the gland is performed, and in some cases, its complete removal is performed. After such interventions, the patient may be recommended reconstructive plastic surgery - mammoplasty.
If solitary cysts are detected, the patient undergoes sclerotherapy of cysts.
After surgical treatment of mastopathy, dispensary observation is mandatory for all patients and a course of conservative therapy is prescribed, since the intervention allows you to eliminate only the foci of neoplasms, but not the cause of the disease. If atypical cells are detected during the histological analysis of the removed tissues, the patient is recommended a course of chemotherapy.
Can mastopathy be cured on its own?
Self-treatment of mastopathy is unacceptable, because it is impossible to identify the cause and form of the disease without a comprehensive examination and consultation with a mammologist. Many women try to treat this ailment on their own with the help of folk remedies, but such an attitude towards their health can cause the development of breast cancer, since mastopathy is considered by all experts as a precancerous disease.
Only long-term and complex treatment aimed at eliminating the causes of the disease will help get rid of mastopathy. In some cases, it can be supplemented with alternative methods, but their use should always be discussed with the doctor and combined with the main therapy.
Patients with mastopathy may be recommended sedatives, choleretic, diuretic and tonic herbal teas, which in some cases can be an alternative to pharmacological agents. Before using them, it is necessary to exclude all possible contraindications to their components.
Linseed oil
Flax contains substances that contribute to the normalization of hormonal levels, and Omega-3, which contribute to the activation of the body's anti-cancer defenses. Flaxseed oil can be administered in the form of capsules or in its pure form.
Infusion or decoction of cold Rhodiola (or red brush)
This medicinal plant has an anticarcinogenic effect and contributes to:
- normalization of estrogen and progesterone levels;
- restoration of the functions of the endocrine glands;
- elimination of inflammatory reactions in the mammary glands;
- strengthening immunity;
- removal of toxic substances from the body.
One or more courses of taking an infusion or decoction of the red brush helps to eliminate pain and swelling of the glands, stop discharge from the nipples and reduce the size of the nodes. In addition, taking this medicinal herb is recommended for concomitant diseases such as uterine fibroids, cervical erosion, inflammatory processes in the genitals and infertility.
Infusion of horse chestnut flowers
To eliminate inflammatory processes in the mammary glands and pain in mastopathy, it may be recommended to take an infusion of horse chestnut flowers. A teaspoon of vegetable raw materials is poured with a glass of boiling water and infused for half an hour. Strained infusion is taken in between meals 1/3 cup three times a day.
Compresses with cabbage leaves
Cabbage leaves can be used to reduce pain in mastopathy. They are superimposed on the chest in the evening or at night and are fixed with a bra. Instead of cabbage leaves, you can use burdock, and to enhance the effect, put a mixture of 3 parts of grated beets and 1 part of honey under the leaf.
Lotions with infusion of wormwood
You can eliminate mastalgia with the help of lotions from the infusion of wormwood. To do this, 5 tablespoons of vegetable raw materials are poured into 3 cups of boiling water and left to infuse overnight. After that, the infusion is filtered, a little warm water is added, a linen or cotton cloth is moistened in it and applied to the chest for 15 minutes three times a day.
Compresses of burdock leaves, honey and castor oil
Such compresses are prepared from crushed burdock leaves (100 g), two lemons, castor oil (100 g) and honey (100 g). The components are mixed, applied to a linen or cotton cloth and applied to the chest overnight.
Phytocollection of wormwood, nettle, sage and plantain
To prepare the collection, two parts of wormwood and one part of nettle, sage and plantain are taken. A tablespoon of the collection is poured into 220 ml of boiling water and left for an hour. The infusion is filtered and taken ½ cup 20 minutes after meals three times a day. The course of admission is 2 months. After 14 days, the course can be repeated.
Mastopathy refers to precancerous diseases and needs complex treatment from a specialist. The treatment plan may include non-hormonal and hormonal agents, the reception of which is aimed at eliminating the causes of the disease. In some cases, a woman may be recommended surgical treatment.
Which doctor to contact
If signs of mastopathy appear - periodic or constant swelling of the mammary glands, pain, discharge from the nipples, seals in the chest - you should definitely contact a mammologist. To draw up a plan for effective treatment of a patient, such diagnostic studies can be prescribed: ultrasound of the mammary glands, mammography, tests for hormone levels, biopsy with histological examination, etc.
Mastopathy is a benign disease of the breast. In its occurrence, the imbalance of female sex hormones in the body is usually to blame. With self-examination of the breast, a woman can find quite obvious signs of pathology. It is not always possible to distinguish mastopathy from breast cancer in appearance. There are special methods that allow the doctor to find out exactly what kind of disease it is. The main thing is that the woman does not hesitate and does not listen to anyone's advice on how to get rid of seals on her own. The moment when the disease can be dealt with may be missed.
The development and condition of the female breast is influenced by sex hormones - estrogen and progesterone, produced in the ovaries. An excess of estrogen and a lack of progesterone leads to pathological changes in tissues. The cause of a violation of the hormonal composition can be diseases of the genital organs, long-term treatment or contraception with hormonal drugs.
An imbalance is formed when the natural course of physiological processes in the body is disturbed (termination of pregnancy, irregular sex life, and others), as well as after operations on the uterus and ovaries. The formation of mastopathy is also facilitated by an excess of prolactin, a hormone that regulates milk production and the state of the glandular tissue.
Basically, all such processes occur at the age of 18-45 years. At risk are women 30-40 years old, so it is at this age that the first signs of a weakening of the functioning of the ovaries appear, changes in the ratio of hormones occur.
Video: What is mastopathy, how dangerous is it
Types of disease
There are 2 forms of mastopathy: diffuse and nodular. The nodular form is more dangerous, since in the advanced stage, a cancerous tumor may appear at the site of nodal neoplasms.
Diffuse mastopathy
It is considered the initial stage of the disease. The growth of connective tissue cells occurs unevenly, which leads to the appearance of small nodules, stretching of individual tissue sections, and the formation of cysts. The development of glandular tissue cells is also disturbed. As a result of these changes, a pulling pain appears in the woman's chest, the mammary gland becomes dense. Painful symptoms are worse before menstruation, when the breasts swell.
There are several varieties of diffuse breast mastopathy:
- Glandular (adenosis) - with the predominant development of glandular tissue compared to connective.
- Glandular cystic. Predominantly glandular tissue develops abnormally, and multiple cysts form in it.
- Fibrocystic. There is a proliferation of connective (fibrous) tissue, in which cysts appear.
With mixed mastopathy, cysts form in both tissues. Growth occurs with a predominance of fibrous tissue.
Nodular mastopathy
It usually develops against the background of diffuse mastopathy. There is an increase in nodes in any part of the mammary gland due to the presence of intraductal papilloma, the formation of a large cyst or tumor (fibroadenomas, lipomas). Abnormal changes occur predominantly in fibrous tissue.
Signs of nodular mastopathy are seals that appear on one of the sections of the gland, swelling and redness of the skin over this area, the presence of discharge from the nipple (transparent, white, pinkish).
Depending on what neoplasm caused nodular mastopathy, it is divided into the following types:
- fibrocystic (with cysts in fibrous tissue);
- fibrous, when nodes appear in a certain area of the connective tissue;
- lobular (glandular) - germination of connective tissue in the epithelium of the lobules of the mammary gland.
The proliferation of tissues leads to the appearance of papillomas (papillae) on the epithelium of the ducts, the formation of a multilayered epithelium that narrows the lumen of the ducts, and also to the appearance of large cystic cavities.
Depending on how pronounced such changes in the epithelium are, mastopathy is divided into simple (there is an increase in the number of cells without changing their structure) and proliferating (there is a change in the structure of cells). As a result of proliferation, so-called atypical cells appear with larger nuclei and irregular division. These cells can become cancerous, so proliferating nodular mastopathy of the breast is considered a precancerous disease. Especially dangerous is the formation of leaf-shaped cysts in the breast tissue (flat multilayer cavities with overgrown layers of the epithelium). Mastopathy of this kind degenerates into sarcoma.
Video: Causes, symptoms and diagnosis of mastopathy
Symptoms and signs
The nature of the symptoms depends on the form of mastopathy, its stage and the characteristics of the body of the patient herself.
Pain in chest before menstruation. At first, a woman may perceive it as a normal premenstrual symptom, especially since it disappears at the end of menstruation. But the next time, the pulling pain can turn into a sharp, stabbing, stronger one. She begins to give in the hand, under the shoulder blade.
breast swelling in the second half of the cycle. The growing tissues begin to compress the vessels, blood circulation is disturbed, which leads to swelling, an increase in the volume of the gland.
Discharge from nipples. They appear when pressed. The color of the discharge can be almost anything. Greenish discharge occurs if an inflammatory process occurs in the ducts or lobules. The most dangerous are spotting, which can be a sign of the appearance of a malignant tumor.
The appearance of seals in the chest. Nodes are formed in one or both mammary glands, in a single amount or several at once.
With diffuse mastopathy, fine-grained seals are palpated due to an increase in the size of the lobules in the mammary gland. With nodular mastopathy, seals can reach a size of 7 cm. They do not have clear boundaries. In a large cyst, on the contrary, the seal has a well-defined contour. The neoplasm is mobile, not connected with the skin.
What is the danger of mastopathy
The disease must be eliminated. As a rule, hormone-containing preparations are used. In advanced cases, a surgical operation is performed to remove a dangerous node. Mastopathy does not go away on its own. If the disease is not controlled, the seal can increase in size, turn into a cancerous tumor. One of the signs of mastopathy of the mammary gland, indicating a dangerous degeneration, is the appearance of many small calcifications in the mammary gland.
The danger is also the occurrence of inflammatory processes in areas with damaged tissue structure, fluid suppuration in cysts. Cysts can burst, leading to widespread inflammation of the breast.
Diagnosis of mastopathy
Mammological examination consists primarily of palpation and visual examination of the gland. Important diagnostic methods are mammography (an x-ray of the mammary glands, which is performed for women over 35 years old), as well as ultrasound. This method can detect neoplasms with a size of 1-2 mm.
The nature of the compaction is clarified with the help of a biopsy - sampling and examining it under a microscope to detect atypical or cancerous cells.
Video: Prevention of mastopathy
Prevention of mastopathy and its complications
The basis of prevention is regular self-examination of the mammary glands. It is carried out on the 5th-7th day from the onset of menstruation, when the breasts are softest. It is carried out in a standing and lying position.
If you find seals of any size, an increase in the volume of the glands, the appearance of discharge from the nipples, redness and swelling of the skin and other symptoms of breast mastopathy, it is urgent to undergo an examination by a mammologist. An important reason for this is the appearance of characteristic chest pains.
Prevention of mastopathy also lies in the timely treatment of gynecological and endocrine diseases. It is necessary to be careful about the use of hormonal drugs. They must be individually prescribed by a doctor. New generation drugs are used, containing, in addition to estrogen, also progesterone. This reduces the risk of breast cancer.
One of the first signs of mastopathy is pain. Despite the fact that mastopathy is treatable, the effectiveness of therapy depends primarily on timely diagnosis. No less important are preventive measures that will help avoid the transformation of the inflammatory process into an oncological disease.
In the early stages of the disease, mastopathy is prone to a latent course. The disease in the following stages is accompanied by tension in the chest, soreness, the mammary gland increases in size. In addition, you can notice the discharge from the nipples, their sensitivity increases.
Soreness in mastopathy manifests itself in different ways. For most women, the pain is aching in nature. Sometimes soreness occurs in only one breast.
Please note that the intensity of the pain may vary depending on the day of the menstrual cycle (with the approach of menstruation, the pain usually increases).
It is problematic to judge mastopathy only by the peculiarities of the occurrence of pain. If the girl is concerned about the pulsating acute pain of an asymmetric nature, the inflammatory process can be excluded.
Some women with mastopathy notice a clear or white discharge from the nipple. If there are blood impurities in the secretions, the development of cancer can be suspected. In this case, you need to consult with a mammologist-oncologist as soon as possible.
Despite the fact that mastalgia (pain in the chest) is considered a common symptom of mastopathy, it is not observed in every woman. A fairly large percentage of patients (15-20%) with mastopathy do not experience discomfort at all. In this case, only during the examination by a mammologist, the doctor manages to diagnose other symptoms. As a rule, the absence of pain is due to a high pain threshold or individual characteristics of the female body.
General characteristics of pain in mastopathy
Pain in mastopathy of the mammary gland, as well as their intensity, directly depend on the type of disease. To make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor will need to take a complete history and evaluate the clinical picture.
Diffuse mastopathy
With this form of the disease, pain and swelling of the mammary gland, as a rule, are not pronounced, the intensity increases a week before menstruation.
The mechanism of pain is due to the fact that under the action of estrogens, sodium ions accumulate in the chest, which attracts water molecules. As a result, the mammary gland swells and becomes painful.
Fibrous mastopathy
Mastopathy of the fibrous type of mammary gland at an early stage is accompanied by the most striking symptoms 7 days before the onset of menstruation. In this case, the pain accompanies the woman during the entire cycle.
Pain in fibrotic mastopathy is aching, dull, can grow even with a light touch. This is due not only to the accumulation of sodium, but also to the fact that the size of the connective tissues increases, has an excessive effect on the chest, and swelling is observed.
Cystic mastopathy
Chest pain with cystic type mastopathy, most often occurs in places where cysts have formed. The intensity of pain in the first stages increases before menstruation, in the next stages of the development of the disease it is permanent.
With a cystic lesion, the pain mechanism is associated precisely with an increase in cysts in size, which puts pressure on the tissues located in the neighborhood. If the cyst is small, the pain may be mild or completely absent.
Fibrocystic mastopathy
With this pathology, symptoms of both cystic and fibrous forms are observed, as a result of which cysts and seals are simultaneously formed in the mammary gland.
Features of the manifestation of symptoms depending on the type of mastopathy
Depending on the form of mastopathy, different symptoms can be observed. It also affects the emotional state of a woman, character traits and concomitant diseases.
Symptoms of diffuse mastopathy
The main symptomatology of diffuse mastopathy is pain in the mammary gland, which is growing all the time, affecting the neck, back, hypochondrium, over time, they are girdle.
The breast increases in size, painful seals are felt. A secret may be released from the nipples when pressed.
Note! With this form of the disease, the onset of menstruation can alleviate the condition and well-being of a woman, the symptoms disappear, the pain subsides. But, if the disease progresses, discomfort and symptoms persist regardless of the approach of the menstrual cycle.
In addition, symptoms are observed that are similar to hormonal imbalance, namely:
- decreased activity and performance;
- deterioration in general condition;
- hair becomes brittle, the skin dries up;
- menstrual flow becomes abundant, painful, their regularity is lost.
Features of the symptoms of fibrous mastopathy
As a result of fibrous mastopathy, pain and discomfort occur in the place of the mammary gland where fibrous tissue grows.
Depending on the neglect of the disease, the breast increases in size, serous fluid is released from the nipples. In the later stages, there is a risk of developing an inflammatory process, as a result - an increase in temperature, a deterioration in well-being, impurities of pus can be seen in the secretions.
Symptoms of the cystic form
The main symptomatology of cystic mastopathy is pain at the site of cyst formation. Due to the increase in the cyst and excessive pressure on the surrounding tissues, the pain may be increasing. At the site of the lesion, the chest increases in size.
Since cysts often form in the armpits, the lymph nodes are more likely to be affected. In this case, the armpit area may swell, soreness increases.
In addition, the pathological process is characterized by discharge from the nipples. Congestion in the chest leads to the formation of edema and inflammation, during which pus can be released from the nipples.
Please note that this form of the disease is very dangerous, because cysts can burst. As a result of ruptures, infectious lesions and necrosis of glandular tissues occur.
Symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy
Fibrocystic mastopathy is accompanied by the formation of seals, which eventually fill with fluid and transform into cysts.
The following symptoms may be observed:
- milk or colostrum is secreted from the nipples;
- in the chest, heaviness and discomfort are felt;
- the homogeneity of the gland is lost, seals and nodes are formed;
- breast size increases.
Attention! If, with this pathology, a woman notices skin changes in the area of \u200b\u200bthe node (a “lemon peel” has appeared), an increase in lymph nodes in the armpit, you should immediately consult a doctor. This may be the first sign of breast cancer.
Treatment
Since the reasons why mastopathy hurts are individual in nature and are directly related to the hormonal background of a woman, the task of therapeutic measures is to normalize the ratio of hormones in the blood. In addition, it is important to eliminate the harmful effects of stress, increase the body's resistance to their effects.
Treatment of mastopathy, like any other disease, is recommended to be carried out in a complex manner in order to achieve the greatest efficiency.
Medical therapy
To relieve the symptoms of mastopathy and enhance the effectiveness of hormonal drugs, women are prescribed the following drugs:
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain relief (Diclofenac, Nimesil, Ibuprofen, Nurofen);
- hepatoprotectors for the normalization of the liver (Karsil, Essentiale);
- enzymes to improve the functionality of the digestive system (Duphalac);
- sedatives to reduce nervousness and mental stress (Persen, Tenoten);
- diuretics to relieve edema (Utrozhestan, Duphaston, Iodomarin);
- vitamin complexes to increase immunity (Vitamins A, B, E).
Utrozhestan - a diuretic to relieve swelling
Please note that patients with mastopathy are strictly forbidden to drink alcohol and smoke!
Hormonal treatment
As hormone therapy, women with mastopathy are prescribed the following drugs:
- antiestrogens to reduce the amount of estrogen in the body (Fareston, Tamoxifen);
- gestagens to reduce estrogen production and reduce the effectiveness of the gonadotropic function performed by the pituitary gland (Norkolut, Progestodel);
- oral contraceptives to suppress the production of gonadotropins (Marvilon, Silest);
- inhibitors of prolactin secretion to normalize lactation (Bromocriptine);
- androgens to suppress estrogen activity (Danazol);
- analogues of the releasing hormone gonadotropin for the treatment of fibrocystic breast disease, when other treatments have not had the desired effect.
Phytotherapy and folk remedies for the treatment of mastopathy
Phytotherapy is a method of treatment, as a result of which the patient takes drugs based on medicinal plants. To date, phytotherapy is considered the safest method of treating breast pathology, because herbal preparations have few contraindications and side effects, and are well tolerated by the female body.
To cope with pain in mastopathy, it is recommended to take funds based on licorice root, valerian, plantain, chamomile, calendula, nettle, etc.
In order for phytotherapy to have the expected effect, you must adhere to the following rules:
- before starting treatment with herbal preparations, you need to consult an allergist;
- to use a sufficient amount of raw materials to prepare the medicine;
- adhere to the technology of preparation;
- observe the dosage and duration of treatment;
- do not drink alcohol during herbal medicine, stop smoking.
For the treatment of mastopathy with folk remedies, the following plants have proven themselves well:
- elderberry (slows down the growth of neoplasms, improves the body's resistance in the fight against cancer cells);
- linseed oil (normalizes hormonal levels);
- apricot (slows down malignancy and growth of tumors);
- red brush (has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory effect, has antitumor properties).
Prevention of mastopathy and prognosis
Preventive measures for mastopathy consist of the following rules:
- you need to exclude alcohol;
- avoid conflicts and stressful situations;
- give up cigarettes;
- lead an active lifestyle, get involved in sports;
- observe the mode of work, rest and sleep so that sleep is at least 8 hours;
- eat a lot of vitamin foods;
- do not miss visits to the mammologist.
As statistics show, if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage, the chances of recovery are 99%. In order for the treatment of mastopathy to be of high quality, a woman should be observed in a dispensary for 3-6 months, depending on the severity of the disease.
Do not ignore the first signs of the disease and do not self-medicate!
- one of the most common diseases in women in reproductive and. The disease is characterized by pathological proliferation of glandular tissues and the formation of seals, and is most often manifested by pain and discharge from the nipples.
Oncological processes in the mammary gland can have similar manifestations, so patients are interested in how to distinguish these diseases and whether mastopathy can develop into cancer.
Types of mastopathy
Mammologists distinguish two general groups of mastopathy: nodular and diffuse. In the diffuse form of the disease, pain is manifested due to the proliferation of connective tissue and the increase in many small nodules at once under the influence of hormonal imbalance. Nodular mastopathy occurs as a result of an untreated diffuse form of the disease.
It can manifest itself as a fibroadenoma or cyst and, under the influence of risk factors, malignize over time (lead to the appearance of a malignant tumor). As a rule, the probability of developing breast cancer in patients with mastopathy is 3-5 times higher than in healthy women of the same age group.
Diffuse mastopathy occurs more often than nodular. The disease develops due to hormonal imbalance (excess estrogen, prolactin with insufficient progesterone - this ratio is often observed in ovarian diseases or menopause, as well as in some other conditions). With the growth of the connective tissue, the patient begins to feel discomfort and tension of the glands, small nodules are felt during palpation. Most often, the sensitivity of the breast increases, pathological discharge from the nipples is observed.
Depending on the nature of hormonal disorders, mastopathy may be accompanied by constant fatigue, dry skin, menstrual irregularities and amenorrhea, irritability or apathy.
Diffuse mastopathy can be of three types:
- (manifested by the growth of connective tissue);
- cystic (characterized by the appearance of fluid-filled cysts, in the later stages may be accompanied by inflammation of the gland caused by congestion);
- fibrocystic (mixed).
In the absence of treatment, dense nodes with a diameter of up to 8-10 centimeters are formed. They may have the character of a cyst or fibroadenoma. Despite the fact that any of these pathologies increases the risk of developing breast cancer, leaf-shaped fibroadenoma is the most likely to pass. Medical practice shows that no special conditions are required for malignancy. The most likely risk factor is a hormonal surge (for example, during or after menopause).
Pain in nodular and diffuse mastopathy
Pain in mastopathy depends not only on the stage, but also on the type of disease. The cause of pain when there are multiple formations and growths of connective tissue. They compress nearby nerves, which causes discomfort to the patient.
Chest pain with diffuse type mastopathy has a number of differences:
- increases in the premenstrual period, and after the end of the cycle disappears or decreases significantly;
- accompanied by swelling of the breast and an increase in its sensitivity;
- is aching or oppressive in nature;
- manifested by increased sensitivity or even soreness of the nipples, in the later stages - discharge from them.
It is also possible to determine nodular mastopathy by a number of characteristic pain signs:
- the pain does not go away during the entire cycle, with the aggravation of the disease, it becomes more acute;
- discomfort is given to the shoulder, armpits, back, forearm area;
- the pain is usually aching in nature, but in an acute form it can become stabbing;
- hypersensitivity turns into painful discomfort (even with a light touch or underwear pressure on the chest, aching pain appears);
- the nipple area becomes very painful.
Benign tumors are usually mobile relative to the surrounding tissues.
It is very important to carry out a differentiated diagnosis in order to distinguish it from breast cancer and increase the chances of successful treatment in the presence of a malignant disease.
Differences in symptoms in breast cancer and mastopathy
Some signs of breast cancer are similar to the symptoms of mastopathy, but the rest (in combination with hardware methods) still allow for a differentiated diagnosis.
Symptom | Mastopathy | Mammary cancer |
Hardening of the skin gland | Absent (breast enlargement with mastopathy often has the character of painful swelling, but palpation is not difficult) | Observed |
Discharge from the nipples | Transparent, yellowish, white or purulent can be fixed (with an inflammatory process (discharge | Discharge is clear or bloody |
Skin erosion | Missing | Observed |
Soreness of the breast | Present, with a diffuse form of mastopathy, it decreases after menstruation, with nodular - it persists during the cycle | Observed in diffuse (mastitis-like and erysipelas) form of cancer of the gland |
Breast symmetry disorder | Can be observed with large sizes of formations (cysts, fibroadenomas) | The tumor can enlarge part of the gland |
Detection of the node on palpation | May be with a nodular form of the disease, the formation is mobile | The node is palpable, but immobile due to tight adhesion to the surrounding tissues |
Knot soreness | Feeling the node causes pain | Knot painless |
Retractions of the nipple and skin of the surface of the breast | Absent | Observed |
Changes in the relief of the skin surface (gathering into wrinkles, folds, etc.) | Absent | It is fixed, when the tumor grows into the surface of the skin, it takes the form of a cauliflower inflorescence, with shell cancer, the affected gland is covered with a crust |
Change in skin color | Not visible | It is fixed when the neoplasm grows into the skin |
Puffiness | Observed throughout the affected gland with stagnation caused by tissue compression | There is a “lemon peel” effect (swelling of the area above the tumor) |
Change of lymph nodes | Enlarged lymph nodes | The appearance of a seal in the armpit or near the collarbone with damage to regional lymph nodes |
Pain outside the breast | Not visible | It is fixed when a cancerous tumor grows into the surrounding tissues (chest) |
Hyperthermia (fever) | May be present in congestion and inflammation | Observed in diffuse forms of RZhM |
The success of an early diagnosis of an oncological disease may depend on how the chest hurts with mastopathy and what symptoms this condition accompanies.
How to distinguish mastopathy from cancer using diagnostic methods
If the chest hurts during mastopathy and all the symptoms indicate the absence of oncology, the doctor still recommends that the patient undergo a series of additional studies. Methods of differentiated diagnostics allow you to determine the location, size and shape of formations in the chest.
In rare cases, mastopathy turns into breast cancer (the frequency of malignancy is one in ten cases with a diagnosed leaf-shaped fibroadenoma), so the specialist must determine what is more reasonable: removal of the neoplasm, placing the patient on an oncological register, or prescribing conservative therapy.
If a lump is found in the mammary gland (on its own or at an annual examination), it is necessary to undergo a mammogram (X-ray examination of the breast). As a rule, mammography is prescribed for women over 35 years old, because. in young patients, the mammary gland is sensitive to the effects of gamma rays. They are advised to replace the x-ray of the gland with ultrasound diagnostics. Benign nodes on ultrasound have smooth contours, and a malignant tumor has an uneven relief.
If malignancy is suspected, the patient undergoes a biopsy of tumor tissues (taking a sample to study the degree of cell differentiation). In order to diagnose cancer, an analysis is also performed for the main oncomarker of the breast (Ca 15.3) and a contrast study of the glandular ducts.
When confirming an oncological diagnosis, an ultrasound scan of the regional and abdominal departments and a chest x-ray are prescribed to investigate the extent of the spread and stage of the disease. The neoplasm is examined for sensitivity to progesterone and estrogen, if necessary, prescribing hormone-lowering therapy.
In the case of diagnosed mastopathy, the opposite is true: after examining the hormonal background of the patient, she is prescribed replacement therapy with synthetic analogues of deficient hormones (most often progesterone).
Regardless of whether the chest hurts with mastopathy, if a seal is detected, you should immediately contact a mammologist. Based on the results of tests and studies, he will be able to accurately determine the degree of malignancy of the process and prescribe adequate treatment.