What is included in the growing guard. Why Russia's National Guard. Stopping civil vehicles
![What is included in the growing guard. Why Russia's National Guard. Stopping civil vehicles](https://i1.wp.com/im.kommersant.ru/Issues.photo/CORP/2016/04/06/KNO_003659_00164_1_t218_123456.jpg)
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Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation (National Guard) - the federal executive body of the Russian Federation (special service). Created April 5, 2016 .
National Guard is the central governing body of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation (VNG of Russia), created on the basis of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Refers to state paramilitary organizations that have the right to acquire military weapons.
Tasks
Main goals:
Structure
Structures included in the formation
Part included :
As a subordinate organization in charge Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Protection" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (FSUE "Protection" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia) was transferred from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Compound
The structure of the National Guard and VNG of Russia:
- The Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation is the central governing body of the VNG of Russia:
- Main departments, departments, departments, departments and services that directly implement areas of activity, as well as units that perform managerial functions.
- Troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation:
- Formations, military units and organizations of the VNG of Russia, directly subordinate to the director of the Russian Guard;
- Educational organizations of higher education VNG of Russia;
- Territorial bodies of the Russian Guard at the interregional level (special purpose centers);
- Districts of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation:
- Formations, military units and organizations of the VNG of Russia,
- Territorial bodies of the Russian Guard at the regional level (main departments, departments, departments for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation):
- Federal state state institutions of private security of the VNG of Russia (departments, departments for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation).
Military formations and organizations of the VNG of Russia of district subordination, as well as territorial bodies of the Russian Guard at the regional level, are deployed in eight districts of the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation:
Subordinate organizations
The Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Protection" of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation (FSUE "Protection" of the Russian Guard) is under the jurisdiction of the Russian Guard - a state enterprise partially operating on the basis of the Federal Law "On Departmental Protection", in which it is designated as "military and guard units of an organization subordinate to the Russian Guard” (Article 26). Unlike departmental protection, an enterprise has the right to carry out protection of objects of all forms of ownership on a contractual basis, regardless of departmental affiliation. Employees of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Okhrana of the Russian Guard use special means and combat small arms adopted by the troops of the Russian Guard, as well as service and civilian weapons permitted for circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Until 2016, the enterprise was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and was called Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Protection" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Management
The Central Office of the Russian Guard
Name | Rank | Date of appointment | Date of removal from office | Job title |
---|---|---|---|---|
Viktor Vasilievich Zolotov | Army General |
since April 5, 2016 | Until now | Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation - Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard (at the same time is the Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation) |
Sergei Alimovich Melikov | Colonel General |
from July 28, 2016 | Until now | First Deputy Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian National Guard Troops |
Sergei Mikhailovich Chenchik | Colonel General |
since May 20, 2016 | Until now | Chief of the General Staff of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation (at the same time he is the Chief of the General Staff of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation) |
Oleg Borisovich Borukaev | Colonel General |
from June 30, 2016 | Until now | |
Sergei Alexandrovich Erygin | Colonel General |
from June 30, 2016 | Until now | Deputy Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation |
Alexander Ivanovich Afinogentov | Lieutenant General |
from October 13, 2016 | Until now | Deputy Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation for Aviation - Head of the Aviation Directorate of the National Guard of Russia |
Story
background
The original paramilitary law enforcement agency in Russia was the Internal Guard. The formation immediately preceding the National Guard was the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, created in 1992. The troops included all former formations of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR stationed on the territory of the RSFSR.
National Guard Projects
1990s
2010s
Plans to create a National Guard that would be subordinate to the president were reported in 2012. It was assumed that the National Guard would be formed to ensure the security of the country and protect the constitutional order on the basis of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and other power structures, including at the expense of part of the forces and means included in the Airborne Forces, Air Force, Navy and military police, as well as units Russian Emergency Situations Ministry .
Creation of the National Guard
New camouflage for the Moss National Guard Troops
Changes were also made in the composition of the Security Council of the Russian Federation: the President included as a permanent member of the Security Council V.V. Zolotov - Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation - Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation.
On the same day, Vladimir Putin submitted to the State Duma draft laws on the National Guard and changes to a number of legislative acts. According to these documents, the law enforcement agency received broad powers, such as the right to shoot without warning and use armored vehicles and water cannons in emergency cases.
The director of the National Guard approved the plan of main measures for the formation of the Federal Service, created working groups to carry out a set of measures aimed at creating systems for technical and logistic support of the structure, financing the new department, etc. The Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, Viktor Zolotov, said that the formation of the National Guard will take place in three stages and will finally end in 2018.
The activities of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops are managed by the President of the Russian Federation.
Equipment and armament of the fighters of the Russian Guard
After testing in special forces for clothing allowance, the Russian Guard approved the Moss camouflage or, according to the European standard, Atax - invisible camouflage due to the three-dimensionality of the innovative pattern. It is the main basic uniform. A special camouflage pattern was created on the basis of a digital "organic" pixel, it exclusively fits the human figure into the environment, preventing its detection even when using optics. As a distinctive item of uniform, a vest with maroon stripes has been introduced for general wear in all divisions of the National Guard (when using field uniforms). In addition to overalls, the camouflage features of the coloring are used by the fighters of the Russian Guard for items of equipment: backpacks, unloading vests, bags, weapons, pouches, helmets, gloves, shoes. Depending on the terrain and landscape, several Atax camouflage modifications are used, such as Moh-1, Moh-2 and Moh-3. The Russian Guard fighters have two sets of equipment in their arsenal: combat and special. Special equipment includes: a shockproof helmet with a visor, personal protective equipment for hands, shoulders, knees, body armor, special equipment, a rubber stick PR-73, a gas mask. In addition to small arms of various systems, department employees have access to armored personnel carriers, Tiger armored vehicles, helicopters and drones, as well as artillery.
Activity
According to the agency, in 2016, under the general leadership of the National Anti-Terrorism Committee, the fighters of the National Guard destroyed 125 militants, liquidated more than 300 of their camps, caches and shelters.
In April 2017, units of the Russian Guard used armored vehicles to block Dagestani truckers protesting against the Platon system.
Reaction and ratings
Official statements
On April 5, 2016, the press secretary of the President of Russia Dmitry Peskov stated that the creation of the National Guard, which will replace the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Not associated with a crisis of confidence in other law enforcement agencies.
Estimates of military personnel and employees of structures of the power block of departments
The head of the Moscow police union, Mikhail Pashkin, noted that the functions of the National Guard will partially coincide with the functions of the FSB of Russia, in particular in the tasks of combating terrorism.
Retired Major General of the Russian FSB Vasily Yeremenko suggested that the National Guard, unlike the Russian FSB, would conduct major counter-terrorist operations inside the country.
The former head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, General of the Army Anatoly Kulikov, said that the Russian Guard should fight radical terrorism.
According to the ex-Commander-in-Chief of the forces of the Donetsk People's Republic, I. I. Strelkov, the created structure is a tool "and the benefit or harm from its use depends solely on who will use it."
Opinions of opposition scientists, political observers and public figures
Decisions of the Courts and FAS Russia
Foreign assessments
The American intelligence and analytical company Stratfor regarded the creation of the National Guard as an attempt by President Vladimir Putin to protect himself from the possible disloyalty of other law enforcement agencies, including the armed forces, "in the event of a coup d'etat."
According to the editors of the Vedomosti newspaper, the head of the National Guard, Zolotov, made a direct threat from his side to use force. Thus, it was noted that "calls for physical violence in political disputes indicate much more accurately the direction of the country's movement - not forward, into the future, but back, into the gateway."
According to the wife of Alexei Navalny, Yulia Navalnaya, the video message made by the head of the National Guard Viktor Zolotov to her husband is a threat to the whole family.
Criticism
Provision of security services by Federal State Unitary Enterprise Okhrana to crime boss Dmitry Pavlov
Implementation of the sale of narcotic drugs by employees of the private security of the Russian Guard
Suspension of the activities of courier officers in Moscow and the Moscow region
On the basis of the decision of the Center for Licensing and Permitting Work of the Main Directorate of the Russian Guard in the City of Moscow dated November 29, 2017, weapons were seized in the Directorate for Special Communications in Moscow and the Moscow Region of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Main Center for Special Communications" (FSUE GTSSS). As a result, the company was forced to suspend the collection and delivery of shipments, the transportation of which requires armed escort in accordance with applicable law. FSUE GTSSS was forced to resort to the services of departmental security of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia (FSUE "SVYAZ-security") to protect their own secure facilities in Moscow and the Moscow region. When choosing a security company, several options were considered, including the proposal of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Okhrana of the National Guard, which was rejected due to the unreasonably high cost of services.
Overpriced product investigation
Even before the publication of Navalny's investigation, the public organization Civil Control of Public Procurement announced that the Druzhba Narodov meat-packing plant was overpricing. In December 2017, three days after Druzhba Narodiv Meat Processing Plant LLC was designated by the Cabinet of Ministers as a supplier for the National Guard, a public organization reported that this supplier was overpriced. In April, "Civil Control" addressed this issue to the presidential administration, this appeal was redirected to the FAS Russia and the Investigative Committee.
The price of products purchased by the National Guard increased sharply after Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed Decree No. 2686-r in December 2017, according to which Druzhba Narodov Meat Processing Plant LLC. This is stated in an investigation by politician Alexei Navalny, published on August 23, 2018 on his website. For example, according to the public procurement website, in December 2017, the Stavropol-based Yugexport LLC undertook to supply cabbage for the North Caucasus Center logistics of the National Guard at 14.96 rubles per kilogram, and "Friendship of Peoples" in July 2018 - already at 46.78 rubles. Onion in the July purchase was more than twice as expensive as in December: 37.30 rubles per kilogram instead of 16.47 rubles In November 2017, Navalny points out, the National Guard purchased meat at 311.78 rubles per kilogram, and just a month later, from Friendship of Peoples, at 436 rubles. per kilogram. According to Navalny's calculations, the total amount of the contracts of the Russian Guard with the Friendship of Peoples exceeds 2 billion rubles.
On September 11, 2018, the director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation - Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, General of the Army Viktor Zolotov, in his video message posted on the website of the Russian Guard, accused the founder of the FBK (calling him "Mr. Navalny") of slander and challenged him to a duel , promising to make a “chop” out of the oppositionist, thus responding to Navalny’s accusations that products for the needs of the National Guard were purchased at inflated prices. Zolotov explained the long silence by the fact that he was on a business trip and could not answer in time.
see also
Notes
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 30, 2016 No. 510 "On the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation".
- , Art. 6, item 3.
- Melikov clarified the tasks of the Russian Guard (Russian). RIA News(03.02.2017). Retrieved 4 October 2017.
- Leadership // Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation - Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation. Archived from the original on July 24, 2016.
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 157 of April 5, 2016 "Issues of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation" . Official website of the President of the Russian Federation // kremlin.ru.
- Federal Law of November 13, 1996 No. 150-FZ "On Weapons".
- Mikhail Bushuev. Rosgvardia - a year: its powers, achievements and scandals. Deutsche Welle, 05.04.2017.
- Vladimir Putin announced the creation in Russia of the National Guard on the basis of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Radio station "Echo of Moscow" // echo.msk.ru (April 5, 2016)
- Putin announced the creation in Russia of the National Guard on the basis of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Russian News Agency "TASS", 04/05/2016
- Federal Law of April 14, 1999 No. 77-FZ "On Departmental Security".
- Regulations on the Department for the organization of licensing and permitting work of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Official site of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. - Approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 444 dated April 16. . Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- Structure. federal Service. Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation. - Rosgvard.ru. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
- Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation | Tasks and functions of the operational-territorial formations of the National Guard troops
- Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation | Command of the Central District (Russian). rosgvard.ru. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
- Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation | Command of the North Caucasian District (Russian). rosgvard.ru. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
- Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation | Command of the Eastern District (Russian). rosgvard.ru. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
- Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation | Command of the Siberian District (Russian). rosgvard.ru. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
- Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation | Command of the Ural District (Russian). rosgvard.ru. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
- Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation | Command of the Volga District (Russian). rosgvard.ru. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
- Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation | Command of the Southern District (Russian). rosgvard.ru. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
Russian President Vladimir Putin is carrying out a radical reform of law enforcement agencies. On the basis of the internal troops, a fundamentally new powerful power structure has been created - the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, which will receive broad powers.
What power structure was created in Russia
On April 5, President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the transformation of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs into the national guard, reporting directly to the head of state.
In accordance with the document, in addition to the troops themselves, the structures of the private security of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Okhrana, units exercising control in the field of private security activities, special rapid response units (SOBR), OMON, the Special Forces Center for Operational response and aviation.
It is assumed that the reform will solve several problems at once: it will increase the level of law enforcement, optimize the budget of the law enforcement system and save it from duplication of functions.
The tasks of the new service will include the fight against terrorism, organized crime, the National Guard will also continue to perform the functions that were performed by special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Among other things, the service will be engaged in the protection of nuclear facilities.
The National Guard will be staffed not only by contract soldiers, but also by conscripts.
The dissemination in the media and public speeches of information about the locations of the national guard authorities in the Russian Federation, its military units and subdivisions is prohibited.
What powers will the National Guard have?
According to the draft law sent to the State Duma, employees of the National Guard will be able to use force and weapons without warning in case of an immediate threat citizens or military personnel.
At the direction of the appropriate commander or his deputy water cannons and armored vehicles can be used with the subsequent obligatory notification of the prosecutor within 24 hours from the moment of their application, if this is necessary for the release of hostages, seized buildings, premises, structures, vehicles and land, as well as for the suppression of riots.
Employees of the National Guard of the Russian Federation will be able to:
check the documents of citizens, detain for a period of not more than three hours suspected of encroaching on someone else's property;
carry out vehicle inspections;
enter the living quarters of citizens when performing combat service to ensure the emergency regime, to save the lives of citizens and public safety;
cordon off areas, including in the suppression of riots;
in a state of emergency prohibit the movement of cars and pedestrians, use cars of citizens to travel to an emergency or pursue criminals;
use firearms when escaping persons sentenced to deprivation of liberty committed with weapons or on vehicles, aircraft, sea or river vessels.
Who led the national guard
Army General Viktor Zolotov, an acquaintance of Vladimir Putin from his work in St.
Zolotov Viktor Vasilyevich was born on January 27, 1954 in the city of Sasovo, Ryazan Region. He graduated from the Law Institute, the Academy of the General Staff. He served in the border troops of the KGB of the USSR. In the 1970s-1990s, he was an employee of the 9th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR (currently the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation). On August 19, 1991, he guarded the President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin during his famous address to the Russians from a tank in front of the White House.
In the early 1990s, he provided personal protection for the mayor of St. Petersburg, Anatoly Sobchak, and the first deputy chairman of the city government, Vladimir Putin. In 1996, he was fired from the FSO. Worked in private security companies in St. Petersburg.
In 1999, he headed the security service of Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. From 2000 to 2013, he served as Deputy Director of the FSO - Head of the Security Service of the President of the Russian Federation. In 2013 he moved to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. From September 2013 to May 2014 - Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Since May 12, 2014, he was the First Deputy Minister of the Interior of the Russian Federation - Commander-in-Chief of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
Who and what will be part of the National Guard
In accordance with the presidential decree, the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (number - about 170 thousand people) were converted into troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation.
The structure of the National Guard also includes:
governing bodies and subdivisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs exercising federal state control over the circulation of weapons and in the field of private security activities, as well as private security (including Federal State Unitary Enterprise Okhrana of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation);
special rapid response units of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (SOBR, 87 units, 5.2 thousand people);
mobile special forces of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (OMON, 160 detachments, total 40 thousand people);
Center for Special Purpose of Rapid Response Forces and Aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, including:
special purpose mobile detachment "Zubr" - 421 people;
special rapid reaction squad "Lynx" - 200 people;
aviation detachment of special purpose "Hawk" - 100 people;
aviation units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
The ranks of the National Guard can also replenish the Cossack formations.
Military equipment in service with internal troops(data from the International Institute for Strategic Studies):
9 main battle tanks;
1650 BMP-1, BMP-2 and BTR-80;
35 artillery installations;
29 aircraft - 9 Il-76, 2 An-12, 12 An-26, 6 An-72;
70 helicopters - 10 Mi-26, 60 Mi-8.
Automotive(data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs):
UAZ-31519 Hunter;
KamAZ-5350;
Ural-4320-0911-60;
Ural-32552-3013-79 Watch;
Ural-4320 "Federal-42590";
armored vehicles SBM VPK-233136 "Tiger".
World experience in creating national guards
National Guard USA Formed in 1903 as an organized reserve of the US armed forces. National Guard units operate in all US states, are subordinate to the federal center and state authorities. The total number is more than 460 thousand people. Service in it is carried out on a voluntary basis, as a rule, with the preservation of the main place of work.
About 60 thousand men and women enter the service annually, they take a course - 192 hours of classes, in addition to this, they participate in exercises with regular units of the Armed Forces. Guardsmen are mobilized both individually and en masse to eliminate emergencies or maintain law and order in the event of riots.
By decision of the President, the National Guard may be used for military support of the ground forces and the US Air Force, including abroad. So, since 2001, more than 300 thousand soldiers of the National Guard have been involved in the war in Afghanistan. In 2005, 43 thousand guardsmen eliminated the consequences of Hurricane Katrina.
National Republican Guard Portugal established in 1911. Number - 26 thousand people. Formed on a professional basis. In peacetime, it performs the functions of the gendarmerie, subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
It is engaged in patrolling highways and strategic facilities mainly outside large cities. Guardsmen are also involved in rescue operations, the Coast Guard, and are engaged in the fight against tax and customs crimes. The National Guard can also be transferred to the command of the Army General Staff to perform combat missions.
National Guard Ukraine was created in 1991 on the basis of the internal troops of the Ukrainian SSR, disbanded in 2000 and then recreated in March 2014 as a military formation with law enforcement functions on the basis of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The total number is 42,000 servicemen, about a third of them serve on a contract basis.
More than 75% of the National Guardsmen were involved in hostilities in eastern Ukraine. The National Guard also has several operational volunteer battalions.
National Guard Kazakhstan was established in 2014 as a result of the liquidation of internal troops, subordinate to the republican Ministry of Internal Affairs. The number of divisions is not disclosed. The functions of the Kazakh National Guard basically coincide with the functions of the Russian internal troops. The National Guard also has a military police force.
Evgeny Kozichev, Mikhail Malaev, Dmitry Shelkovnikov
Rosgvardia (National Guard of the Russian Federation) was created in April 2016 by decree of Vladimir Putin. The internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were transferred to the new department. They were joined by detachments of special forces SOBR and OMON, as well as aviation units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
It is probably easier to say what the Russian Guard does not do. The tasks of the department include the protection of public order, participation in the fight against terrorism and extremism, the territorial defense of the Russian Federation, the protection of especially important and sensitive facilities. And in the autumn of this year, a new presidential decree was issued, which states that the Russian Guard will be engaged in “information confrontation”, fingerprinting and issuing documents related to arms trafficking and private security activities. In total, there are about a hundred items on the list of powers of the Russian Guard.
Most of the tasks described in the previous card were performed by private security, SOBR and OMON. If we talk about the fight against terrorism, then earlier, and now too, this was within the scope of the activities of the FSB and the National Anti-Terrorism Committee.
Soldiers of the Russian Guard can use physical force, special equipment, such as water cannons and armored vehicles. They also have batons, tear gas and firearms at their disposal. Employees of the department can detain people and vehicles, enter homes and other objects. At the same time, the “Rosgvardeytsy” do not have to warn about their intentions if the delay can lead to a threat to the life and health of both a police officer and an ordinary citizen. However, all units that entered the Russian Guard could do this before.
And this question, perhaps, except for Vladimir Putin and his inner circle, no one can answer. On the official website of the Russian Guard, only a presidential decree is posted. To put it bluntly, the Russian Guard is a power bloc. Previously, it was part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other structures, now it has become a separate structure. That is, the employees of the Russian Guard are not, for example, investigating banditry, but are involved in the detention of criminals.
Nobody but the President of Russia. The National Guard is headed by Viktor Zolotov, the former head of Vladimir Putin's bodyguards.
In October, by order of the director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops Viktor Zolotov, the heads of the territorial bodies of the Russian Guard were appointed. In the Kirov region, it was police colonel Andrey Luginin. Previously, he headed the department of private security of the regional Ministry of Internal Affairs.
The emblem of the National Guard of the Russian Federation is simple to disgrace and it is almost impossible not to recognize it. This is a golden double-headed eagle on a red and white background. At the same time, the crown over the bird indicates that the National Guard is a federal executive body. With its shape, it [the crown] resembles the crown of the Russian Empire of the 18th-20th centuries, which was used on the shakos of the first units of the internal guard.
In November, employees of the Russian Guard in Kirov detained a drunk driver who tried to buy them off with 15,000 rubles. In the same month, in Kotelnich, OMON officers of the Russian Guard destroyed a shell that one of the local residents found and brought home. In Murashy, private security officers detained the alleged thieves, and just the other day they caught young hijackers who were pushing their prey in four. In general - nothing supernatural.
Commands of the districts of the VNG of Russia:
- Formations and military units of the operational purpose of the VNG of Russia,
- Special motorized formations and military units of the VNG of Russia,
- Formations and military units for the protection of important state facilities and special cargoes of the VNG of Russia,
- Units and military units of special purpose and intelligence of the VNG of Russia,
- Aviation military units of the VNG of Russia,
- Naval military units of the VNG of Russia,
- Military units and institutions providing VNG of Russia,
- Medical institutions of the VNG of Russia,
- Cultural institutions of the VNG of Russia,
- Educational institutions of VNG of Russia.
Territorial bodies of the VNG of Russia:
- Center for Special Purposes of Rapid Response Forces and Aviation of the VNG of Russia,
- Special Rapid Response Units of the VNG of Russia,
- Mobile special forces of the VNG of Russia,
- Private security units of the VNG of Russia,
- Subdivisions of licensing and permitting work of the VNG of Russia.
Troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation- a state military organization in Russia, designed to ensure state and public security, protection of the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen; converted from the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Story
Main article: History of the National Guard in Russia
background
This section presents the stages of creating paramilitary formations under law enforcement agencies in the Russian Tsardom and the Russian Empire, revealing some historical parallels with the present.
Oprichny troops
The beginning of the formation of the oprichnina army can be considered the same year 1566, when a detachment of 1000 people selected from the "oprichnina" counties was formed. In the future, the number of "guardsmen" reached 6,000 people. The Oprichnina army also included detachments of archers from the Oprichnina territories. But they are not residents. Tsar Ivan the Terrible introduced the institution of so-called "residents" to "guard Moscow". According to the outfits of the governor, nobles were sent to "life in the capital", who made up an army of up to 3,000 people, they were replaced every three months. The functions of maintaining public order until 1565 were performed by guardsmen. Then the tsar created a special “oprichnina army” from them. Later, in the southern cities of the then Russian kingdom, "residential regiments" were placed, which served as a kind of border guard.
Garrison troops
"Residential regiments" were replaced by Peter the Great "garrison troops", a special type of troops, consisting of the former city archers, soldiers, reytars and incapable (old, married, etc.) people of the new regular regiments incapable of field service. Until that time, their functions were performed by the tsarist infantry and city Cossacks.
inner guard
During the Civil War
Internal troops
The internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia were created in 1992 [ ] after the collapse of the USSR. The troops included all the former formations of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR stationed on the territory of the RSFSR.
Projects for the creation of the National Guard
The idea of creating a national guard arose in the early 1990s, in particular, the vice-president of Russia (1991-1993) A. Rutskoi told RBC television about this.
Creation of the National Guard Troops
The troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation were transformed from the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia by decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 5, 2016. The legal basis for the activities of the Russian Guard is regulated by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of July 3, 2016 No. 226-FZ “On the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation” (adopted by the State Duma of the Russian Federation on June 22, 2016, approved by the Federation Council of the Russian Federation on June 29, 2016, signed by the President of the Russian Federation on July 3, 2016.) .
Tasks
The Troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation are entrusted with the following main tasks:
- participation in the protection of public order, ensuring public safety;
- protection of important state facilities, special cargo, facilities on communications in accordance with the lists approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;
- participation in the fight against terrorism and extremism;
- participation in ensuring the state of emergency, martial law, the legal regime of the counter-terrorist operation;
- participation in the territorial defense of the Russian Federation;
- assistance to the border agencies of the Federal Security Service of Russia in the protection of the State Border of Russia;
- federal state control (supervision) over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of arms trafficking and in the field of private security activities, as well as over ensuring the security of fuel and energy complex facilities, over the activities of security units of legal entities with special statutory tasks and departmental security units;
- protection of especially important and sensitive facilities, facilities subject to mandatory protection by the National Guard Troops, in accordance with the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, protection of property of individuals and legal entities under contracts.
Other tasks may be assigned to the National Guard Troops by decisions of the President of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with federal constitutional laws and federal laws.
Structure
The troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation were transformed from the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia with the preservation of the structure of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and are headed by the Director of the Russian Guard - Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation.
Until 2018, it is planned to transfer to military service in the National Guard Troops of employees serving in the special forces of the SOBR and OMON of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the center for special forces of the rapid response forces and aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, who were operationally subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the relevant heads of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Russia. In the course of organizational and staffing activities, special attention during the reorganization into the National Guard Troops will be paid to higher state education of officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, their diplomas, faculties (specialties) and educational institutions.
By presidential decree, the staffing of the central apparatus of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation is 2,100 employees.
The Central Office of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation
Name | Rank | Date of appointment | Date of removal from office | Job title |
---|---|---|---|---|
Viktor Vasilyevich Zolotov | Army General |
since April 5, 2016 | Until now | Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard of the Russian Federation - Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard of the Russian Federation |
Sergei Alimovich Melikov | Colonel General |
from July 28, 2016 | Until now | First Deputy Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian National Guard Troops |
Sergei Mikhailovich Chenchik | Colonel General |
since May 20, 2016 | Until now | Chief of the General Staff of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation |
Oleg Borisovich Borukaev | Lieutenant General |
from June 30, 2016 | Until now | |
Sergei Alexandrovich Erygin | Lieutenant General |
from June 30, 2016 | Until now | Deputy Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation |
Alexander Ivanovich Afinogentov | Lieutenant General |
from October 13, 2016 | Until now | Deputy Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation for Aviation - Head of the Aviation Directorate of the National Guard of Russia |
Districts of the National Guard Troops
To manage military units (subdivisions), the districts of the National Guard Troops operate in the territories, as a rule, of the federal districts of the same name in Russia.
The exception is Eastern District National Guard Troops, which manages military units (subdivisions) stationed on the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District, as well as North Caucasian District of the National Guard Troops, whose area of responsibility includes the South and North Caucasus. In total, 7 districts of the National Guard Troops were created for 8 federal districts.
Names of counties and cities in which they are deployed:
- Central Orsha-Khingan Red Banner District of the National Guard Troops - Moscow
- Northwestern Order of the Red Star District of the National Guard Troops - St. Petersburg
- Volga District of the National Guard Troops - Nizhny Novgorod
- North Caucasian District of the National Guard Troops - Rostov-on-Don
- Ural District of the National Guard Troops - Yekaterinburg
- Siberian District of the National Guard Troops - Novosibirsk
- Eastern District of the National Guard Troops - Khabarovsk
ODON VNG
In the direct subordination of the Central Office of the FSVNG is the oldest unit stationed in the Moscow region - the Separate Division for operational purposes of the National Guard Troops (ODON VNG). This division was previously known as OMSDON until 1994. In total, the division has more than ten thousand personnel, hundreds of armored vehicles, helicopters and artillery. Parts of the division took part in special operations that took place in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Central Asia, North Ossetia, Chechnya, Dagestan. At present, the combined divisions of the division continue to participate in counter-terrorist operations in the North Caucasus. For courage and heroism shown in the performance of military duty, thousands of soldiers and officers of the division were awarded military orders and medals, and 19 were awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation. The servicemen of the division, together with the units of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate for the city of Moscow and the Central Internal Affairs Directorate for the Moscow Region, serve to protect public order and ensure public safety during socio-political, cultural, mass and sports events in Moscow and the Moscow Region, as well as patrol and guard duty. The ceremonial calculation of ODON traditionally represents Troops of the National Guard of Russia(since 2016) at the Victory Parades on Red Square. Parts of the division take part in solemn events dedicated to
Any state is a complex socio-political structure that has many characteristic features. At the same time, society is the main element of any country. This fact suggests that the state unites huge masses of people. As we understand, society must not only be used to modernize the country, but also protected. Indeed, without people, in fact, there will be no states. People understood this fundamental principle at all times, which led to the creation of the military sphere of life. Its representatives have always enjoyed great respect in society, because everyone understood the importance of their functions. Later, a narrower, law enforcement sector separated from the military sector.
Today, these spheres of human activity are quite strongly developed in all states without exception. For example, in the Russian Federation there are a lot of various departments and structures that implement the functions of ensuring security of a state and public nature. One of them is the troops of the Russian National Guard. A large number of important tasks are assigned to this structure today. In addition, the troops are a relatively young organization, which will be discussed later in the article.
National Guard Troops: Concept
Internal, or rather, its provision is a priority for most law enforcement agencies. In this regard, the troops of the National Guard of Russia are a military organization, the main purpose of which is to maintain security, as well as to ensure the freedoms and rights of citizens of the Russian Federation. It should be noted that such structures exist today in many states, namely: the USA, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Croatia, etc. For a long time, internal troops functioned in many CIS countries, which became the prototype of modern national guard units.
Organization history
The troops of the Russian National Guard have an extremely interesting history. The territory of our state, as we know, at all times was far from being small. Maintaining order in the country was extremely difficult. Therefore, already in the early stages of the development of the country, bodies began to appear that supervised the society and its activities. For example, in the imperial period there were corps of internal guards. The divisions were engaged in the collection of taxes and the protection of public order. In 1836, gendarmerie units were created on the basis of the internal guard.
During the development of the Soviet Union, the functions of the National Guard were performed by combat units of the Cheka. After the Great Patriotic War, special guard formations appeared, which later became the internal troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. They lasted until the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Internal troops and their difference from the national guard
As mentioned earlier, the modern military organization of the National Guard is relatively young. It was formed only in 2016. Prior to this, internal troops operated on the territory of the Russian Federation, which were the "successors" of similar Soviet units. To date, many believe that the National Guard and the BB are the same structures with different names. This statement is deeply misleading. The bottom line is that the internal troops are the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. In turn, the National Guard is a military organization that is subordinate to the department of the same name, which is the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation. The range of tasks in this case is significantly expanded. If earlier the goals set by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia were the basis of activity, today the organization has considerable freedom of activity. This fact is clearly visible if we analyze the tasks of the National Guard troops.
Tasks of the organization
The troops of the Russian National Guard are currently implementing a fairly wide range of various functional tasks. All of them are aimed at ensuring safety. But there are also some specific features. Thus, the main tasks of the National Guard troops are the following:
Law enforcement and security;
Protection of objects of national importance;
Organization of the fight against extremism and terrorism on the territory of Russia;
Ensuring a military, state of emergency in the event of their direct introduction;
Defense of the territory of Russia;
Assistance in the work of the border agencies of the FSB;
Control over compliance with the law in the field of arms trafficking and security activities;
Protection of objects on which a special regime operates.
In accordance with the regulatory documents that will be presented below, other tasks may be assigned to the troops, based on decisions of the President of the Russian Federation.
Legal basis of the organization
Any formation whose activities are carried out directly on the territory of Russia must have its own regulatory framework. Otherwise, such a structure will simply be illegal. National Guard troops are also subject to the law. The main regulatory sources of the organization's activities are as follows:
the Constitution of the Russian Federation;
Federal Law "On the troops of the National Guard of Russia";
Regulations.
Thus, a special normative structure ensures the legality of the activities of the National Guard as an armed or force formation.
The structure of the troops of the national guard of Russia
Any power organization is systemic. Well-organized allows you to perform the entire array of functional tasks much more efficiently. In general, the system of the National Guard of the Russian Federation is borrowed from the once existing VV RF. At the same time, formation is a structural element of a different, more extensive organization. Today it is the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, which was already mentioned earlier in the article. This body belongs to the security forces, which equates it to special services.
It is worth noting that the direct reform of the structure of the Russian National Guard continues to this day. A special program of changes is calculated until 2018. The main goal is to introduce into the composition of the National Guard troops such units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs as SOBR and OMON. As for the layout of the personnel, it will be filled with people with higher education.
ODON: the meaning of the abbreviation
As in any military organization, the National Guard has a special, inherently elite unit. A separate operational division is the oldest formation of this type. The number of its personnel is more than ten thousand people. The division is actively used in various special and counter-terrorist operations. It should be noted that representatives of the unit also ensure public safety on the territory of the city of Moscow and the Moscow region together with the police.
The position of personnel in the National Guard
The military formation presented in the article has several ways of manning. Today, the number of troops of the Russian National Guard is about three hundred thousand people. At the same time, the organization provides for both state civil and military service. Thus, completely different types of employees are provided for the implementation of certain functional tasks.
Organization equipment
In their activities, the National Guard troops use different technical means. If we talk directly about the weapon, then it is represented by copies of Russian and Soviet production. In the activities of the National Guard, the following copies are used:
Pistols: PM, PMM, GSh-18, PSS;
Submachine guns: PP-2000, AEK-919K;
Machine guns: AK74, AKSU74U;
Sniper SVD, VSS, ASVK, etc.
As we can see, the equipment of the guard unit is excellent for performing all functional tasks. In addition, the troops of the Russian National Guard, whose uniform is similar to the RF MV, also have special equipment in their charge, namely armored vehicles, cars, helicopters and planes.
It should be noted that the organization presented in the article is equipped with special means. These include weapons to combat sabotage under water.
Symbols of the troops of the national guard of Russia
To date, the National Guard of the Russian Federation does not have official symbols, because it is under development. But given the fact that the organization presented in the article is a “descendant” of the internal troops, the symbolism of these structures is likely to be similar.
The National Guard of Russia today exists in outline. It is a golden double-headed eagle with a crown on its head.
So, we tried to consider the features, structure and technical equipment of the National Guard troops. Let's hope that the reform process will end in this military organization and it will become a fully functioning link that will protect the rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation.