Coding of neurocirculatory dystonia in ICD. Muscular dystonia in infants Treatment of autonomic disorders
![Coding of neurocirculatory dystonia in ICD. Muscular dystonia in infants Treatment of autonomic disorders](https://i0.wp.com/gidmed.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/krivosheya-5-1.jpg)
An atypical deviation of the neck and head caused by congenital or acquired deformities of the cervical vertebrae is called spasmodic torticollis. The head can be tilted to the left or right, as well as forward or backward.
The disease occurs in attacks and is accompanied by unpleasant sensations. To make you feel better, special medications and massages are prescribed, and sometimes traditional medicine recipes are used. In difficult cases, surgical intervention is required.
Features of the disease
With spastic torticollis, 1-2 muscles of the cervical spine experience the greatest tension. As the disease progresses, other muscles become involved. As a result, the patient's head is tilted in several planes.
It is quite rare that stress occurs simultaneously in opposite directions with equal strength. In such a situation, the head maintains the correct position, but physically the person experiences severe discomfort.
There are no visible symptoms, but it is impossible to “use” the tense muscles; turning becomes possible due to the muscles of the thoracic region.
The frequency of diagnosing spasmodic torticollis is low, only 1 case per 10,000 people. Women are more susceptible to the disease than men.
All patients belong to the age group of 25-40 years. The disease can be either congenital or acquired. Moreover, in the first case, it ranks 3rd in popularity among other pathologies. At this age, boys are more susceptible to it.
In the international classification of the disease, code G24.3 is assigned.
Classification and forms
Torticollis can be of several types:
- Arthrogenic (damaged joints of the cervical spine)
- Desmogenic (caused by inflammation of the cervical spine)
- Cutaneous (diagnosed when the skin and its tissue are damaged)
- Myogenic (muscles affected)
- Osteogenic (characterized by the formation of false ribs, there are diseases of bones and cartilage)
- Neurogenic (disease caused by damage to the neuromuscular system)
Any form of the disease requires a complex course of treatment.
There is also another form of spastic torticollis - cervical dystonia. In this case, an involuntary contraction of the neck muscles occurs, causing the head to turn. It occurs very rarely, and mainly in elderly people.
Depending on the direction of rotation of the head, the following types of torticollis are distinguished: laterocollis (tilt towards the shoulder), retrocollis (tilt backward), torticollis (tilt to the side) and antecollis (tilt or move forward). The most common case is a mixed form with simultaneous deviation in several directions. In 90% of cases, this is a tilt towards the shoulder combined with a tilt to the side. The remaining varieties are quite rare. Based on the nature of its manifestation, the disease is classified as follows:
- Tonic - the head has a constant position, since the muscles are in a spasmodic state.
- Clonic - spasms occur periodically, accompanied by involuntary jerking of the head.
The disease may be less active in the morning. Strengthening occurs when the nervous system is irritated, especially in stressful situations. In the lying position, the patient feels better, as the muscles relax.
Causes of pathology
Since spastic torticollis can be congenital or acquired, the factors contributing to it are conventionally divided into the same categories.
In adulthood, spasm of the muscles of the cervical spine can be provoked by:
- Intoxication
- A focus of inflammation present in the nervous system
- Head or neck injury
- Hyperthyroidism
With congenital pathology, there are disturbances in the intrauterine development of the fetus. Those at risk are those whose relatives suffered from this disease. There are cases where the exact cause of spasmodic torticollis has not been established. This form is called idiopathic.
Clinical manifestations of torticollis
Signs of torticollis appear equally in both adults and children. The main manifestations of the disease are:
- Pronounced tilting of the head to the side with twisting of the chin in the opposite direction
- Changes in the skeleton of the skull and chest
- Increase in size of the sternum muscles
- Deformations of bone tissue visible on x-rays
- Reduced motor activity of the head
- Asymmetrical arrangement of the ears
The spasms that arise in the muscles cannot be suppressed by volitional effort. The resulting tension can cause pain. In a quarter of cases, the patient may close his eyes, and there is an involuntary spasm of the face, limbs or muscles of the whole body.
Clinical manifestations of torticollis
Features of symptoms in adults
In addition to the general signs of the disease, when palpating the neck area in an adult, a lump can be detected. It resembles a club and is located in the area of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Turning the head is accompanied by the appearance of sharp pain, the shoulder on the affected side begins to rise higher.
With torticollis, the patient develops osteochondrosis and the risk of hernias increases. The patient can return the head to its normal position only with his hands. The course of the disease is accompanied by headaches and sudden changes in blood pressure.
Signs of pathology in children and infants
In newborns, torticollis is diagnosed when the sternocleidomastoid muscle of the soft tissues is underdeveloped. It can be provoked by the presence of severe toxicosis in a pregnant woman.
It can also be intrauterine lesions, the appearance of which is caused by exposure to vibration or hypothermia.
In infants, the disease occurs when the body is positioned incorrectly in the womb.
Problems can also arise during labor: injuries during natural childbirth or caesarean section.
The first symptoms of spasmodic torticollis appear in a child approximately 20 days after birth. Usually they are subtle and only an experienced pediatric orthopedist can determine their presence.
In the cervical region, thickening and tightening of muscles can be detected. If you touch it, the child begins to cry because it is in pain. At the same time, an external deviation of the head and a turn of the face towards the normal muscle may appear. Other signs are:
- Neck shortening
- Sternum deformity
- Facial asymmetry
- Developmental delay
- Formation of malocclusion
- "Harelip"
The teeth of such children begin to grow later. The affected part is also characterized by vision. The child urgently needs treatment, since in addition to external disfigurement he risks becoming disabled.
Therapeutic course of treatment
The course of treatment for spastic torticollis is quite long and complex. Existing medications can alleviate the patient’s well-being only for a short time and have minimal therapeutic effect. In the absence of positive dynamics of the drug course, surgical intervention may be prescribed. The standard duration of treatment for the disease takes about six months.
Drug therapy
Treating torticollis with medication involves a step-by-step application of non-surgical therapies. The following medications may be prescribed to the patient:
- Baclofen
- Clonazepam
- Finlepsin
As well as antidepressants and anticholinergics. It is administered intramuscularly. It could be or. For a short time they are able to block neuromuscular impulses.
Therapy can continue for years. A one-time course of administration provides relief for 4-6 months, after which the course is repeated.
Healing Fitness
For spastic torticollis it is prescribed. Its use is aimed at improving muscle mobility and returning the head to its normal position. You need to do the exercises 2 times a day: in the morning and in the evening. The patient should turn his head in each direction 5-6 times. In a lying position, you can tilt it alternately from side to side. The tilt is done until the ear touches the shoulder. 8-10 repetitions will be enough.
You should not forget about lateral muscle stretching. The patient should lie on his healthy side and raise his head for 5 seconds and then lower it. You need to repeat the exercise up to 8 times.
In the photo, exercise therapy exercises for the treatment of torticollis
Physiotherapeutic procedures
To relax the muscles, the patient is prescribed iodine. In addition to making you feel better, an antiseptic effect is achieved and the risk of bacterial infection is reduced. The advantages of electrophoresis for spastic torticollis boil down to:
- Simultaneous use of several types of drugs
- No negative impact on stomach function
- Anesthetize the area before manipulation
For torticollis, paraffin wraps are also prescribed. With their help, the affected area is warmed up. Heat helps improve blood circulation. A contraindication to the procedure is infiltrative muscle changes.
Traditional methods of treatment
A fairly popular direction in the treatment of spastic torticollis is alternative medicine. Some of her recipes can calm the nervous system and relax the muscles. A bag of cereal will help stretch your muscles and relieve spasms. It should be attached to clothing on the side of the affected area. You can prepare lilac ointment:
- 100 gr. lilac buds 0.5 kg of pork fat (or cow butter) is mixed and cooked in a water bath for 60 minutes.
- After cooling, rub the mixture over the affected area 4 times a day.
For muscle spasms, it is useful to eat juniper berries. They should be eaten raw on an empty stomach. You should start with one berry, increasing your consumption by 1 piece every day. Having reached 12 berries, you should take a break for 2 months and repeat the course. Geranium leaves can be applied as a compress to the affected area.
Surgical methods of treatment
When conservative therapy does not provide visible improvements, surgery is required. In the classic version, the pedicle of the muscle is cut at the intersection with the collarbone.
The sending of pathological impulses can be stopped by applying high-frequency current to the areas of the brain responsible for muscle activity. The electrodes penetrate the center of the brain through small holes in the skull. This intervention has no age restrictions.
After the operation, it is necessary to fix the head in the correct position. For this purpose, a Glisson loop is used. After 2 weeks, a plaster collar is used instead, which the patient cannot remove for a month. After it is removed, the rehabilitation period begins with massages, physiotherapy and therapeutic exercises.
VSD can hardly be called a disease; rather, it is a collection of symptoms. Science classifies this condition as a pathological phenomenon occurring in the central nervous system. The International Classification of Diseases (abbreviated as ICD) does not contain VSD; this condition occupies a range from G00 to G99. However, dystonia cannot be found here either; it is only mentioned in category G90.8 - under the title “Other disorders of the nervous system.”
Groups of VSD syndromes according to ICD 10
VSD code according to ICD 10 is the location of vegetative-vascular dystonia; this includes several groups of syndromes, which combine the signs of pathology.
- Adaptive: is expressed in the special reactions of the human body to the influence of external conditions. The main manifestation of VSD syndrome is high anxiety, which causes disturbances in metabolic processes, which causes a decrease in body weight in humans. This condition is not classified as ICD code 10.
- Asthenic: characterized by high fatigue, weakness and inability to tolerate stress - physical or mental. All this leads to increased general irritability and deterioration of well-being. Not included in ICD 10.
- Hyperventilation: manifests itself in a feeling of sudden oxygen deficiency. A person cannot take a full breath, it seems to him that heaviness is constricting his chest, and there is a lump in his throat.
- Neurogastric: characterized by disturbances in the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, which include difficulties in moving and digesting food, and secretion disorders. A person is plagued by nausea, heartburn, heaviness in the stomach and flatulence.
- Cardiovascular heart syndrome (tachycardic) is expressed in the occurrence of unpleasant sensations in the chest, most often not associated with physical effort. The studies carried out, most often, do not confirm the presence of somatic pathologies. Not included in ICD 10 code.
- Cerebrovascular: manifests itself in severe, periodic headaches, which are accompanied by dizziness, tinnitus and a state of pre-fainting.
- Peripheral: characterized by a change in the normal shade of the skin surface and the development of severe tissue swelling.
Perhaps the most important thing in the treatment of VSD, headaches, and fatigue is timely and complete diagnosis. Despite the fact that syndromes characterized by negative symptoms were not classified as VSD.
Basic VSD codes in the ICD
VSD as a diagnosis is present only in Russia. ICD 10 does not consider dystonia as a separate pathology. How are alphanumeric affiliations and basic pathology codes determined? By selecting signs characteristic of VSD and taking into account those violations that were identified during diagnostic measures.
Codes for vegetative-vascular dystonia according to ICD 10 are in the range G 00 – 99, which refers to pathological disorders in the functioning of the nervous system.
Examples of disease encryption:
- G0 neuropathy of the autonomic type, occurring in the presence of metabolic or endocrine system disorders;
- G1 disturbances in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system that developed against the background of additional pathological processes;
- G8 pathologies of the nervous system, developing due to the presence of other diseases that do not belong to category G.
Each subgroup contains symptoms that characterize:
- hypertensive type of disorder;
- signs of hypotonic type of VSD;
- mixed type of pathology.
Diagnosis coding may appear as R45.8, which includes emotional symptoms. Somatophoric disorders are classified as F45.3, which is used by neuropsychiatrists.
How codes are set for children with VSD
For children, diagnoses, according to the ICD, are made in the same way as for adults.
Causes of the disease:
- the presence of somatic pathologies;
- infections;
- heredity;
- character type.
As a rule, dystonia acts as a secondary pathology, so the code is indicated based on what disease was the impetus for the occurrence of this condition.
In general, ICD codes are used to determine the frequency of detection of diseases and study their characteristic features. Universal coding makes the process of communication between doctors and patients simple and understandable for everyone.
is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Dysfunction of the body occurs. Patients complain of feeling unwell, but examination does not confirm any pathologies. VSD can lead to the development of chronic central nervous system diseases, weakness, and sometimes even disability.
Vegetative-vascular dystonia is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
The concept of vegetative-vascular dystonia
VSD is a disorder that causes insufficient oxygen supply to internal organs and blood vessels. manifests itself during the development of the body at an early age. Men get it less often. The disease is characterized by malfunctions: headaches, improper functioning of organ systems, a disorder of hormonal synthesis, which leads to metabolic disorders.
The causes of the pathology can be:
- intrauterine fetal hypoxia;
- lag in the development of endocrine glands from the growth of internal organs during adolescence;
- development of chronic diseases and hormonal changes in adulthood.
ICD-10 codes for vegetative-vascular dystonia by type
According to the international standard, vegetative-vascular dystonia has code G90.8 (other disorders of the autonomic nervous system). This classification is given to diseases without clear symptoms and visible causes. They cannot be identified as a separate pathology.
Hypertensive type of disorder
It is observed in 75% of the population and affects all age groups. The ICD-10 VSD code for this type is from I10 (primary hypertension) to I15 (secondary hypertension). The functions of the SS system are disrupted. High blood pressure negatively affects the activity of all blood vessels and can damage any system of internal organs.
VSD hypotonic type
Dysfunctions have codes I95.0, I95.1, I95.8, I95.9 (hypotension, idiopathic, orthostatic, primary, unknown etiology). Symptoms of deviations:
- arrhythmia;
- headache;
- decreased physical activity;
- lack of coordination;
- dizziness and fainting;
- change in skin color.
Cervical dystonia
Extrapyramidal central nervous system disorder was coded G24. The appearance and development of the disease is facilitated by hereditary predisposition, head and neck injuries, infections and brain tumors. It is expressed by involuntary movements (swinging and turning) and incorrect head position. The disease is diagnosed in children after 2 months.
Torsion dystonia
Chronic hyperkinesis with code G24.3 develops as a result of congenital abnormalities or infectious diseases of the nervous system. Accompanied by convulsive muscle contractions and unnatural posture. The progression of dysfunction leads to disability.
Cardiac type of disorder
Diagnostics for cardiac dystonia (code I15.8) records heart rate pathology. Pain and discomfort in the heart are accompanied by increased sweating and readiness to faint. The pathology is caused by psychogenic factors (mental abnormalities, injuries, exhaustion), chronic fatigue, and heavy physical exertion.
Somatoform dysfunction
Violation of the ANS (code F45.3) with signs of organ damage begins to appear in childhood and continues during puberty. Organic changes cannot be detected during examination. Manifestations affect the cardiovascular and genitourinary systems, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory organs. At the same time they observe:
- problems with urination;
- changes in blood pressure;
- painful digestion;
- heart pain.
Dystonia occurs without pronounced symptoms, changes increase gradually, aggravated against the background of stressful situations and physical strain.
Mixed type of VSD
The neurological disorder code is G24.8. The imbalance causes dysfunction of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, and a tendency to hyper- and hypotonic crises. It begins to appear in children after 7 years of age due to intrauterine development disorders, pubertal anomalies, decreased immunity, and chronic infections. Vegetative-vascular dystonia is accompanied by increased anxiety, headaches, and nervousness.
How are VSD codes set for children?
Due to the uncertain etiology and unclear symptoms, it is more difficult to determine than in adults. The root cause of the syndrome is infections and somatic disorders. To make a reliable diagnosis and determine the ICD-10 code for VSD syndrome for a child, you need to undergo a comprehensive examination by specialists. Need to do:
- Ultrasound of the heart and blood vessels;
- Dopplerography;
- encephalogram;
- detailed blood test.
Based on the research, the neurologist makes a final conclusion and sets the VSD code.
All parents want their baby to be healthy, so they should be aware of the many dangers that await a newborn. You should also know about muscular dystonia so as not to lose sight of its development and know how to help the baby.
What is neonatal muscular dystonia?
Muscular dystonia is one of the diseases that is associated with impaired tone of the child’s neck muscles or limbs.
It is not so easy to identify this disease yourself, so it is better to undergo examination by a specialist. It is better to see a neurologist, although a pediatrician can also make a primary diagnosis. Sometimes the disease is detected completely by chance during the next examination.
In some cases, even mom and dad can notice this, especially when muscular dystonia manifests itself sharply. When the baby's muscles are hypertonic, parents will definitely notice this and then it is imperative to consult a doctor.
In other words, muscular dystonia is an abnormal development of muscle activity child or her disorder Everyone knows that even in the womb the child begins to make its first movements and actively move. But after birth, it becomes more difficult for him to do this, because movements in the amniotic fluid are much easier. Due to this, the newborn’s movements lack smoothness and coordination and they become intermittent. A slight tone should still be present a little. But if there are any deviations from the norm, then such deviations are usually called muscular dystonia.
Muscle dystonia in infants has its own code according to ICD-10 (international classification of diseases) - G24. This is a general disease code, and then there are classifications depending on the types of pathological condition. Mostly in infants, code G24.8 is used - muscular dystonia in which hypertonicity and hypotonicity of the muscles are observed. With hypertonicity, too much muscle tension is noted. And with hypotonia, on the contrary, they are too relaxed or underdeveloped. Otherwise, the disease is called muscle dystonia syndrome or dysfunction.
Reasons for the development of hypertonicity and hypotonicity in a newborn
One of the main reasons for the development of pathologies such as hypertonicity or hypotonicity in infants is intrauterine infections, as well as some other factors that can affect the child during pregnancy and childbirth. During pregnancy, the occurrence of dystonia muscles can be influenced by factors such as:
![](https://i0.wp.com/mama.guru/images/286144/distoniya-u-novorojdennyh-massaj-pri-distonii-.jpg)
Development of muscular dystonia in infants during childbirth factors such as:
- pelvic presentation or its transverse position;
- polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios;
- C-section;
- placental abruption;
- too rapid labor;
- general anesthesia during childbirth.
How does muscular dystonia manifest and what should you pay attention to?
The symptoms of the disease in a child largely depend on what type of disease it is. That is, hypertonicity or hypotonicity in an infant. It must be said that hypertonicity is much easier to identify than hypotonicity.
Hypertonicity can manifest itself in a child that he starts holding his head up too early and he does it very well. The legs may be spread apart, and when trying to bend them, resistance may be felt. In addition, muscle dystonia in an infant may manifest itself with the following symptoms:
- the child is very restless and capricious;
- frequent regurgitation is observed;
- sleep is disturbed;
- chin tremor;
- the baby begins to cry when exposed to bright light;
- excessive excitability.
Muscle dystonia in a newborn, manifested as hypotension, often goes unnoticed. With her, babies are especially calm and parents consider them just a gift, because they are little capricious and cry and sleep a lot. However, with such behavior of the child, it is worth thinking about whether he has hypotension? It is worth being wary of these symptoms, and also observing how he behaves when bathing, feeding and dressing. Muscle dystonia syndrome in the form of hypotension can also accompany some more serious diseases, which include:
![](https://i0.wp.com/mama.guru/images/286141/massaj-pri-gipotonii-u-grudnichka.jpg)
Diagnosis and treatment of muscular dystonia syndrome in infants
Diagnosis of dystonia syndrome is usually carried out by a neurologist, which is why it is necessary to undergo all examinations on time. During such examinations, the doctor It can just notice existing deviations from the norm and identify the problem. The doctor needs to examine:
- what is the muscle tone?
- what is the condition of the baby’s fontanelle;
- what kind of reflexes does the child have?
- what is the position of the limbs and their movement;
- skull bones.
In some cases, diagnosis can be quite difficult, because some signs of the syndrome can be quite weakly expressed. In such cases, the specialist may prescribe additional examinations, which usually include:
- neurosonography;
- electroencephalogram;
- computed tomography;
- video monitoring;
- electroneuromyography.
If such an ailment is detected, it is highly not recommended to self-medicate, because it is unlikely that positive results will be achieved. Even if the baby has only one sign of dystonia syndrome, it is better not to delay, but to contact a specialist, otherwise later the problems may become much more serious.
Usually doctors when treating muscular dystonia They use several methods, which include:
- drug therapy;
- physiotherapy;
- kinesitherapy.
For drug treatment, medications are usually prescribed, which include Pantocalcin; Baclofen, etc. or preparations containing B vitamins.
During physical therapy, the following techniques may be used:, such as laser treatment, magnetic therapy, electrophoresis or mud baths can be prescribed, therapy with ultrasound, etc. is used.
Kinesitherapy includes various procedures that are aimed at passive or active movement. That is, usually it is either therapeutic exercises or massage.
To achieve the best positive effect, these treatment methods can be used in combination. And, even after the entire course of prescribed treatment has been completed, the baby still needs to be under the supervision of a specialist. This way, cases of relapse can be identified in time or the negative consequences of the disease can be seen.
Thus, it is necessary to remember that muscular dystonia is not a death sentence and can be cured without any further consequences. Parents are only required to be a little more attentive, especially at first, and, in case of any concerns, not to delay, but to show the baby to the doctor. Well, what if the diagnosis was made?, then you need to put in a little more effort and care for the baby and, perhaps, only memories will remain from the diagnosis.
Additional Information
It should be noted that one of the important components in the treatment of muscular dystonia syndrome in newborns is timely diagnosis by a specialist and regular examination. The baby simply needs to be constantly monitored by a neurologist. A monthly examination by a pediatrician is not suitable, since in addition to it you need to consult with a specialist.
Often such children are prescribed complex treatment, which may include physiotherapy, as well as massage and therapeutic exercises. In some cases, swimming in a pool may be indicated. Typically, complex therapy quickly produces positive results and the child’s muscle tone returns to normal limits. Load intensity, the necessary procedures and their number are prescribed by the doctor based on research and the form of muscular dystonia on an individual basis.
According to statistical data, one baby needs about a month of therapy for the muscles to return to normal, while another may need a year. But even after this, it is necessary to continue observation by a specialist, since sometimes there are cases of relapse of muscular dystonia syndrome in newborns.
Content
Among the serious abnormalities in a newborn baby, muscle dystonia stands out. Because of this pathology, they are either too tense or, conversely, underdeveloped. Parents' fears are associated with ignorance of the causes, diagnosis and treatment of such a disease. If you are concerned about this issue, then study the information below.
What is dystonia
Muscular dystonia in infants is defined as a disorder of motor activity and its abnormal development. While in the amniotic fluid of the mother's womb, the baby begins to make various movements. After birth, it becomes more difficult for him to do this. For this reason, motor activity outside the womb is impetuous, lacking smoothness and coordination, but a certain tone should still be present. Its deviations from the norm are called muscular dystonia.
Muscular dystonia has a separate ICD-10 code. It looks like this - G 24. Next comes a classification highlighting different types of this pathology. Their ICD-10 code is G 24.8. This group includes hypertonicity and hypotonia or muscle hypotonicity. In the first case, they are too tense, and in the second, on the contrary, they are underdeveloped. Another common name for such deviations is dystonic muscle tone, muscle dystonia syndrome or dysfunction.
Why does hypertonicity and hypotonicity occur in infants?
Among the causes of the development of muscular dystonia in infants are intrauterine and those that affect the child during childbirth. The first group includes the following factors:
- previous infections during pregnancy during the 2nd and 3rd trimester;
- gestational diabetes mellitus;
- genetic abnormalities in fetal development that are detected during an ultrasound procedure;
- gestosis;
- pregnancy with more than one fetus;
- extending the gestation period by 10-14 days.
The second group of reasons for the development of dystonic syndrome includes those that affect the child directly during childbirth:
- incorrect position of the fetus - transverse or pelvic;
- low or polyhydramnios;
- general anesthesia during childbirth;
- C-section;
- placental abruption;
- rapid or rapid labor.
How does muscular dystonia syndrome manifest in infants?
The symptoms of the disease depend on its type. Muscle hypotonia has an ICD-10 code of G 24.8.1*, and hypertonicity has a code of G 24.8.0*. It is much easier to determine the latter in a baby. Such newborns begin to hold their heads early and do it very well. Their legs are bent and spread apart, and some resistance arises during extension. In another way, dystonic syndrome in an infant with increased contractions is manifested by the following symptoms:
- frequent regurgitation and restlessness;
- sleep disturbance;
- moodiness;
- chin trembling;
- crying in bright light;
- high excitability.
Muscular hypotonia in infants often goes unnoticed. In such a situation, children are considered simply a gift of fate, although in fact the fact that they hardly cry and only sleep indicates decreased tone in newborns. The baby does not show resistance even when feeding, bathing or dressing. Muscle hypotension syndrome accompanies more serious diseases, such as:
- spinal amyotrophy;
- perinatal encephalopathy;
- Down syndrome;
- rickets;
- diabetes;
- polio.
Diagnosis in newborns
Neuropathologists diagnose dystonic syndrome. During regular examinations, they are able to notice signs characteristic of the disease. The doctor examines the following nuances:
- muscle tone;
- condition of the fontanel;
- child's reflexes;
- skull bones;
- position and movement of the limbs.
Diagnosis of the disease is sometimes difficult due to less pronounced signs, so additional studies may be prescribed for a small patient:
- neurosonography;
- electroencephalogram;
- CT scan;
- video monitoring;
- electroneuromyography.
How is muscular dystonia treated in a child?
Doctors strongly recommend that parents do not self-medicate and even if there is only one symptom, seek their help, otherwise the child may experience more serious health problems in the future. In general, treatment of dystonic syndrome is carried out using the following methods:
- Medication. Among the drugs used are: Cerebrolysin, Semax, Mydocalm. Baclofen, Pantocalcin or Solcoseryl and B vitamins are often prescribed.
- Physiotherapy using laser, ultrasound or magnet, mud baths, electrophoresis and alternating cold with heat.
- Kinesitherapy. This treatment method consists of active and passive movement procedures. This includes massage, swimming, therapeutic exercises and special exercises.
Why is muscle dystonia dangerous in infants?
Torsion muscular dystonia in infants is considered the most dangerous disease. It develops mainly in childhood and, if left untreated, can even lead to disability. The mental side remains in a normal state, and only the muscles suffer. The consequences of the disease can be as follows:
- clubfoot or irregular gait;
- torticollis;
- problems with the spine, often curvature.
Video