Adaptogens in sports. Adaptogens (drugs): a list of drugs to increase the resistance of the human body Digestive problems
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Adaptogenic preparations with a general tonic effect, the effectiveness of which has not yet been proven in the practice of sports training, include some Russian (based on Leuzea extract - Elton, Leveton, Phytoton, Adapton, Leptonic), Chinese (Laojan Decoction), Vietnamese ("Phytocerebralysin-f" ) and American (Jinsengs Supreme Complex) products.
Combined adaptogenic drugs produced in Russia. These drugs were created in the 90s of the 20th century. in Russia under the leadership of R.D. Seifulla and received commercial names - Elton, Leveton, Phytoton, Adapton, etc. It should be noted that these dietary supplements do not have a sufficient evidence base.
Adaptogenic agent Elton developed in 1993, used in all sports. Increases physical performance, climatic adaptation, stimulates the immune system, preventing various diseases, and normalizes metabolism. In combination with Leveton, it is very effective after an illness, as it promotes rapid restoration of athletic shape. When used with Leveton, it improves the activity of the sex glands, enhances libido and erection in men, prevents incomplete erection, reduces the weakening of potency, and increases the level of sexual arousal. Elton consists of pollen, eleutherococcus root powder, a-tocopheol, ascorbic acid and propolis. It is used in a course of 20-25 days (2 tablets 3 times a day) in combination with other drugs during preparation for competitions, intense physical activity and after them, when there is a decrease in immunity.
Adaptogenic agent Leveton also developed in 1993, used in sports with a predominant manifestation of endurance (athletics, swimming, rowing, cycling, etc.). Increases physical performance, endurance, stimulates the immune system, has anabolic properties, relieves stress before a start, normalizes metabolism, improves the activity of the sex glands, and restores potency. In combination with Elton, it is very effective after an illness, as it promotes rapid restoration of athletic shape. Leveton consists of pollen, Leuzea root powder (contains the phytoecdysteroid - ecdisthene), a-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and propolis. It is used in a course of 20-25 days (2 tablets 3 times a day) in combination with other drugs during preparation for competitions, intense physical activity and after them, when immunity decreases.
Phytoton developed in 1997, used in all sports, increases physical performance, climatic adaptation, stimulates the immune system, normalizes metabolism, improves the activity of the sex glands, and restores potency. It is especially effective after illness, as it promotes rapid restoration of athletic shape.
Adapton developed by VNI-IFK specialists in 1997, it is the most powerful of all adaptogenic drugs in this series. Consists of pollen, Rhodiola rosea root powder, Schisandra chinensis seed powder, a-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and fructose. Used in all sports. Increases physical performance, climatic adaptation, stimulates the immune system, preventing various diseases due to decreased immunity, and normalizes metabolism. In combination with Elton and Leveton, it is very effective after an illness, as it promotes rapid restoration of athletic shape. When used with Elton, it improves the activity of the sex glands, enhances libido and erection in men, prevents incomplete erection, reduces the weakening of potency, and increases the level of sexual arousal. It is used in a course of 20-25 days (2 tablets 3 times a day) in combination with other drugs during preparation for competitions, intense physical activity and after them, when there is a decrease in immunity. To correct sexual activity, it is prescribed for 30 days with a break of 20-25 days, 4 courses per year.
All adaptogenic products in this series have proven themselves to be excellent in preparing highly qualified athletes in all sports for the Olympic Games and other important international competitions. An international anti-doping certificate is submitted for these D D data; they are not included in the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods as of January 2009. The use of these drugs is approved by the All-Russian Research Institute of Physical Education and Sports, the Federation of Sports Medicine of the Russian Federation, the Russian Olympic Committee and the State Sports Committee of the Russian Federation.
In sports with a predominant manifestation of endurance (athletics, swimming, rowing, cycling, etc.), it is recommended to use Leveton, Elton, Adapton and other adaptogenic drugs. In speed-strength sports (all types of throwing, weightlifting, bodybuilding, etc.), it is advisable to use Elton, phytoton and adapton, and in game sports (football, basketball, hockey) - combinations of Elton, phytoton and adapton. In martial arts, a complex of Elton, leveton and adapton is used.
The named DCs are taken in a course of 20-25 days (2 tablets 3 times a day) during the period of preparation for competitions and during intense physical activity, when a decrease in immunity occurs, as well as after heavy physical activity (with a high content of free radicals in the blood of athletes ). These remedies should be taken after various illnesses to quickly restore athletic fitness. The DD complex, consisting of Elton, phytotone and adaptone, should be used by athletes with prostatitis and decreased sexual function (especially hockey players who have prostatitis as an occupational disease).
Mechanism of action of combined adaptogenic agents is as follows: they tone the central nervous system, improve learning processes, memory, conditioned reflex activity, synaptic transmission in the sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers of the peripheral nervous system; optimize the function of the body's endocrine system; save the process of formation and consumption of energy in executive cells (muscles, liver, kidneys, brain and other organs); I restore immunological reactivity in case of overtraining, overwork and overexertion; promote antioxidant effects in the body, preventing the toxic effects of free radical oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids under the influence of damaging factors; prevent hypoxia, which almost always accompanies intense physical activity; have anabolic effects, which must be maintained during training and other intense physical activity in order to avoid loss of body weight and destruction of proteins when catabolic processes prevail; normalize microcirculation of brain vessels and working muscles by improving the rheological properties of blood.
"Jinsengs suprem complex"("Ginsengs Supreme Complex") produced by "Country Life" USA) is a complex adaptogenic product, which includes a mixture of extracts of nine types of ginseng: Siberian ginseng (root) - Eleutherococcus senticosus, Panax ginseng (root), Red Panax ginseng (root ), Panax ginseng (root), Indian ginseng Ashwagandha (root) - Withanolia somnifera, Bastard ginseng (root) - Codonopsis chinensis, Masa Peruvian ginseng (tubers) - Lepidium meyenii, Asian southern blue ginseng (root) - Gynostemma chinensis, American ginseng (root), as well as astragalus (root), Reishi mushroom, wolfberry (berry), soy phosphatides (soy lecithin), lipase. DD has a pronounced tonic effect, strengthens the cardiovascular system, increases the body's adaptive capabilities under conditions of high psychological and physical stress and unfavorable influence of the external environment.
Directions for use: "Ginsengs Supreme Complex": 1 capsule per day, mainly in the morning or 1 hour before expected exercise. Can be taken after exercise to speed up recovery processes. Contraindications: do not take DD if you have high blood pressure.
Lack of adequate recovery of the body after training leads to muscle pain and an increase in the level of cortisol (stress hormone). Most often, hormonal imbalance is observed in those who engage in highly active sports and additionally limit themselves to high-calorie foods. Adaptogens help reduce stress and balance hormonal levels.
What are adaptogens?
Adaptogen- a drug of natural origin that helps a person adapt to stress, as well as increase the overall resistance of the body.
They are also used to facilitate the acclimatization process, to prevent colds, as well as to speed up the recovery process after the acute phase of the disease.
The term was first used by the Russian toxicologist N.V. Lazarev. at the end of the 50s of the last century. And although adaptogenic herbs have been used for thousands of years in Tibetan, Chinese and Indian medicine, their real effectiveness was only officially confirmed in the 20th century. At the same time, criteria were introduced that made it possible to isolate adaptogens from already known drugs.
- The product must be completely safe and not cause even minimal disruption to the normal functioning of the body.
- An adaptogen should maintain the body's systemic resistance to any type of stressor.
- The drug should have a normalizing effect regardless of the pathological condition (for example, reduce the amount of excess hormones and increase their production in case of deficiency).
Any adaptogen should protect the body from both emotional and physical stress.
Comparison of the effects of adaptogens and stimulants on the human body; after stimulants, performance enters a negative phase. After adaptogens, the condition levels off after a long-term improvement.
Classification of adaptogens
Adaptogens are classified by type of origin and form of release. The drugs are available in the form:
- tinctures;
- balm (single and multi-component);
- seasonings;
- powder;
- capsules or tablets.
The dosage depends on individual tolerance, general health and training intensity. People taking medications should be especially careful when using adaptogens. Synthetic and homeopathic drugs actively interact with adaptogens.
To select the dosage, it is better to consult a doctor or certified homeopath.
Adaptogenic herbal preparations
Rhodiola rosea (golden root)
The plant is considered one of the most studied adaptogens. It is known for certain that golden root was used by the ancient Greeks and Vikings.
In modern pharmacies, Rhodiola is sold in the form of a liquid extract or alcohol tincture. Rhodazine (the active ingredient) reduces fatigue, protects muscles from damage, and also helps the body quickly recover after intense training. The product is suitable for those who are involved in athletics or want to set a new record in strength training. But people suffering from hypertension or bipolar disorder should avoid using the tincture.
To get the first results, you need to take 20-30 drops of tincture before breakfast and dinner for two weeks. The exact dosage is calculated based on the athlete’s weight.
Ginger and ginseng root
These two plants are combined into one category because they have identical adaptogenic properties. The drugs will be useful for athletes suffering from muscle spasms, joint pain and general fatigue. Such symptoms are common to marathon runners, football players and basketball players.
It is most convenient to purchase healing roots in powder form and consume 2-3 grams once a day for two weeks. Among the contraindications, only hypertension is noted, and a side effect can be a sharp increase in blood pressure.
Mushrooms
Despite the fact that Lazarev did not consider mushrooms to be adaptogens, modern researchers have identified several subtypes that fit all of the above criteria.
Reishi (tinder): normalizes blood pressure and cholesterol levels, relieves fatigue.
Shiitake: slows down inflammation and protects the body from stress caused by overwork.
You can eat mushrooms in dried form, 10-15 grams per day. If you purchase dietary supplements in capsule form, you must follow the instructions.
Side effects include dryness and a bitter feeling in the mouth.
Preparations of animal origin
This group includes adaptogens obtained from waste products or directly from animal tissues.
Among the components studied, one can distinguish both exotic ones (rhino horn, snake muscles, fresh blood of a tiger or bear) and more affordable, but no less effective (antlers, beekeeping products).
Deer horns
Antlers are produced in the form of powder or slices. The product is recommended for bodybuilders due to its ability to stimulate muscle growth and burn fat. In addition, the powder can be added to baths to speed up the healing of external wounds.
You are allowed to consume no more than three grams of antlers per day. After a month of taking it, it is necessary to take a break, as there is a risk of excessive accumulation of the active insulin-like protein IGF-1.
A side effect of the adaptogen from deer antlers is the hardening of the tendons, which increases joint soreness during training. At the same time, the correctly selected dosage of the drug helps restore an already damaged tendon.
Of all the adaptogenic bee products, pollen is considered the most effective for people who exercise. Bee pollen is a natural analogue of synthetic anabolic steroids.
The product is sold in the form of granules or powder. Since pollen is rich in anabolic phytosteroids, weightlifters can safely use it to increase muscle mass and increase endurance.
Among the contraindications, there is an allergy to bee products, and swelling and breathing difficulties may develop as side effects.
Preparations of mineral origin
A unique adaptogen that is neither plant nor animal. Both black and white mumiyo, popularly known as stone oil, have healing properties. The product is suitable for both ordinary fitness enthusiasts and professional athletes.
Mineral adaptogen significantly increases physical endurance. For fans of aerobic exercise, it is recommended to take 200 mg. resins per day.
An official study has proven that a month's course of stone oil increases ATP levels by 15%. Adenosine triphosphate is the body's main source of energy. Increasing ATP levels leads to significant improvements in endurance.
Increased doses of mumiyo (500 mg/day) activate collagen production. This will be useful for those who do gymnastics and often do stretching. Collagen plays a key role in the development of elasticity and strength of muscle fibers. Since white and black mumiyo are completely natural preparations, there are no serious contraindications or side effects (except for individual intolerance).
Vitamin preparations
Most people do not want to consume a large number of different supplements, decoctions and tablets every day. Modern pharmacists offer to purchase “supervitamins” or “superfoods” that combine adaptogens, vitamins and minerals. The range of such biological supplements is not very extensive, although it has been proven that vitamins enhance the effect of adaptogens.
One such complex is “Vitamin Code with B-complex” from Garden of Life. Among the adaptogens in the composition is an extract from broccoli (myrosinase). This enzyme is responsible for eliminating post-workout pain. The effect is enhanced by a full spectrum of B vitamins. This dietary supplement will be sufficient for those who play sports in order to improve their health.
If sports loads are so intense that the body does not have time to recover, then it is worth purchasing at least 2 types of drugs. Any vitamin-mineral complex can be supplemented with super-adaptogens, for example “Dragon Herbs”. One capsule of the product contains more than 15 types of various herbs. You need to take the drug twice a day. There are no side effects or contraindications (except for individual intolerance).
The main effects of taking adaptogens
Almost all adaptogens are completely natural and have no serious side effects. This means that the drugs can be taken for several months in a row. Soon you will notice:
- decreased cortisol levels;
- accelerated regeneration of damaged tissues;
- getting rid of depression and anxiety;
- improving heart and brain function;
- lowering cholesterol levels;
- normalization of hormonal balance.
Side effects:
Taking adaptogens is recommended for both professional athletes and those who cannot make it to the gym because they feel constant fatigue and irritation. Natural drugs are much more affordable than synthetic drugs and have virtually no side effects. This fact makes adaptogens an ideal dietary supplement for daily use.
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In this article we will tell you what adaptogens are, their effectiveness and use in sports, and give a list of the most effective and popular adaptogens.
What are adaptogens?
The term "adaptogens" has been used since 1947. It was introduced by the Russian scientist N.V. Lazarev, who conducted research on the effects of unfavorable factors on the body. Adaptogens are substances that improve the body's adaptation and have a tonic effect.
The peculiarity of these drugs is that they are all of natural origin. Natural substances that help the body endure stress and high physical activity, activate the immune system and improve metabolism.
The effectiveness of plant adaptogens
The effectiveness of plant adaptogens has been proven both by time and science. They really have a positive effect on the body through their effects on the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. Here are the main positive effects of taking adaptogens:
- Increased performance and muscle endurance
- Reduced recovery time after strenuous exercise
- Improved tolerance to long-term training and competitions
- Improving the functioning of the cardiovascular system
- Increased protein synthesis
- Acceleration of glycogen accumulation
- Increasing the body's adaptive capabilities (to heat, cold, stress, time zone changes, etc.)
- Activation of the immune system and acceleration of recovery
The effects of some adaptogens are similar to caffeine. They also invigorate, improve mood and mental performance, but adaptogens do not have the same side effects as caffeine.
Adaptogens in sports
The most effective and proven adaptogens in sports: ginseng, Eleutherococcus, Rhodiola, Aralia and Leuzea.
Plant adaptogens are not doping and are actively used in sports, especially in sports that require great endurance. It is better to use adaptogens in courses, mainly during periods of heavy training. This will help support your weakened immune system and avoid overtraining.
Adaptogens - list of drugs
Adaptogens are supplements of natural origin. But even this fact does not allow them to be taken without consulting a doctor! Only a medical specialist can competently assess the indications for taking medications, prescribe the optimal remedy and its dosage.
We have compiled a list of the most effective and popular adaptogens.
Ginseng root
Recipes from red ginseng root were used in the army of ancient China. Ginseng stimulates the nervous system and mental activity, has a tonic effect, and helps strengthen the immune system. Improves oxygen saturation of tissues, normalizes high blood pressure, and is indicated for asthma.
Contraindications: sleep disorders, high blood pressure, acute infections.
In case of overdose, it can cause tachycardia and sleep disturbances.
Ashwagandha
The root of this plant began to be used in medicine many centuries ago. Modern medicine recommends this drug for hypertensive patients, as well as people who experience constant psycho-emotional stress, feelings of fear and apathy. Ashwagandha has a calming effect, helps cope with stress, improves memory, boosts immunity, and has a healing effect for thyroid problems. In addition, it actively fights the stress hormone cortisol.
Increases hemoglobin and testosterone, improves male sexual function.
Contraindications for taking ashwagandha include pregnancy, gastrointestinal diseases, and taking other sedatives. Not recommended for people with hypersensitivity to nightshades.
Available in the form of tablets, capsules and tinctures. Use according to the instructions for the drug.
Leuzea
Leuzea is used in folk medicine of Altai. General strengthening preparation of plant origin. It has a tonic property and is used for fatigue and disorders of the nervous system.
Effects important for athletes: increased muscle power and endurance, increased hemoglobin, tolerance to extreme weather conditions.
Positively affects blood supply to the brain, concentration and mental abilities.
Contraindicated in case of increased nervous excitability.
Eleutherococcus
Eleutherococcus is a woody shrub that grows in the mountains of northeast Asia; many centuries ago it was used as the main remedy for colds. Currently, it is the most used adaptogen.
It is used by workers in difficult climatic conditions, astronauts, sailors, military personnel, and athletes from various sports.
The fruits of Eleutherococcus increase endurance, muscle strength, improve brain performance, and strengthen the immune system. In Europe, this drug has long been used for chronic fatigue or for recovery from various diseases. It rarely causes side effects, but can sometimes cause arrhythmia in people suffering from cardiovascular disease.
Available in the form of tablets, capsules and tinctures. Use according to the instructions for the drug.
In case of overdose, tachycardia, anxiety, headache, and drowsiness may occur. It is not recommended to use Eleutherococcus before bedtime. Also, its use requires regular monitoring of blood pressure.
Rhodiola rosea
Improves memory and mental performance. Taking Rhodiola enhances the production of serotonin and increases the amount of dopamine in the brain, which affects mental activity. In addition, Rhodiola controls cortisol levels, therefore it is considered an antidepressant. Its other advantages include a positive effect on the cardiovascular system.
In terms of effectiveness and positive effects, Rhodiola is similar to Eleutherococcus. Can be used as a replacement.
Available in the form of tablets, capsules and tinctures. Use according to the instructions for the drug.
Aralia
Improves protein synthesis, increases the permeability of cell membranes. It also increases appetite and is recommended during carbohydrate loading during the competitive period.
Otherwise it is very similar to ginseng. In terms of action and efficiency it is in no way inferior to it and can be used as an analogue.
Adaptogens is a group of biologically active agents of synthetic and natural (plant and animal) origin that have a tonic effect on the body, stimulate the central nervous system, increase endurance, energy reserves and resistance to harmful influences.
The term “adaptogen” comes from the word “adaptation”, that is, in simple terms, adaptogenic drugs are drugs that increase a person’s adaptive capabilities and improve the body’s resistance/defense.
Pharmacology, drugs, medicines and adaptogen plants
The effect of the described agents is justified by their influence on the functioning of the nervous, immune, endocrine and cardiovascular systems. Although the mechanism of action of some individual adaptogens is still not clear and remains a big mystery for scientists.
We also note that, as a rule, all natural adaptogens and their synthetic analogues have a rather complex composition, so their methods of action can vary significantly depending on the components. But for the most part, adaptogenic agents affect DNA synthesis, change the function of the central nervous system, regulate the secretion of hormones in a positive or negative direction, activate metabolism and enhance immune defense (due to the activation of humoral and cellular immunity).
By the way, plant adaptogens(herbs and their extracts/tinctures, etc.) usually contain substances such as: flavonoids, polysaccharides, hydroxylated fatty acids, glycopeptides, glycosides, terpenoids and phytosterols (ecdysterone). Artificial adaptogens can also consist of various components, however, they are not particularly applicable in sports, since they do not have the necessary effect on athletic performance (strength, endurance, and so on), so we will pay practically no attention to them.
Currently, the most popular and at the same time the best adaptogens that can be freely purchased are: lemongrass, Rhodiola rosea and ginseng. Also common adaptogenic agents include royal jelly, pollen, beebread and drone brood, however, their effectiveness has not yet been confirmed by clinical or laboratory studies.
Are you asking what effects natural adaptogens exhibit? Various. In sports practice, the most valuable qualities are:
- Increased endurance indicators;
- Increased fatigue threshold;
- Acceleration of recovery and regenerative processes;
- Activation of metabolism;
- Elimination of physical and emotional fatigue;
- Increased mental concentration;
- Improved mood;
- Increased energy reserves;
- Increased appetite (without false feelings of hunger).
Also, all athletes planning to take adaptogens of plant origin, it will be useful to know what side effects drugs in this category can and do exhibit. Usually - none. In more detail, natural adaptogenic agents are non-toxic, even in large dosages. And those “side effects” that may arise, for the most part, are not capable of causing serious harm to the human body: allergic reactions, insomnia, individual immunity. In addition, all of these ailments are reversible: for them to disappear, you just need to stop taking the drug or taking the supplement.
In conclusion, we will highlight contraindications for use and recommendations that all people who have purchased general tonics and adaptogens to stimulate the body’s functioning must heed:
- Do not take if you have increased nervous excitability;
- Avoid if you have sleep disorders or high blood pressure;
- Do not use during myocardial infarction - acute phase;
- Do not use in case of high temperature or infectious diseases.
In addition, as reviews and instructions say, adaptogen drugs should not be taken by children, pregnant women and mothers during breastfeeding. Otherwise, far from pleasant ailments and deviations may make themselves known.
Adaptogens of synthetic and plant origin in sports
The effectiveness of many adaptogenic agents has long been proven and is beyond doubt. Thus, it is reliably known that taking ginseng and eleutherococcus extracts allows typists to make fewer mistakes when typing text. Plant adaptogens in sports were also tested: cyclists who took Eleutherococcus throughout the day were able to significantly improve their athletic performance compared to the control group.
Generally, adaptogens in sports are used quite often, but the following are recognized as the most effective and useful for the athlete: the already mentioned Eleutherococcus and ginseng, Aralia, Leuzea and Rhodiola. These adaptogenic agents have the largest evidence base (more than a hundred different studies have now been conducted confirming their effectiveness and usefulness).
It's important to say that adaptogens in bodybuilding and in general in sports can be freely used. They are not doping and athletes are not punished by the disciplinary committee for their use. That is, an athlete can safely use, for example, ginseng extract to replenish energy reserves, strengthen the immune system and increase endurance, without fear of consequences.
However, to some extent, adaptogens can still be dangerous for athletes. What is it about? It's simple: about side effects caused by incorrect use of the described drugs. To avoid negative consequences, do not use natural and synthetic adaptogens in sports and tonic drugs too often or for too long. Follow the recommended course duration and do not exceed dosages (these indicators depend on the product you choose and will be described below). Otherwise, the body will not be able to properly adapt to their action and the effectiveness will be significantly reduced. By the way, to increase efficiency, you can use several adaptogenic substances in combination.
How to take adaptogens?
To begin with, let’s say that adaptogenic agents begin to act almost immediately after use; you can feel the effect within the first few hours. Now to the point: how to take Adaptogens correctly and how to do it in sports? As has already been noted, a lot here depends on the supplement you choose, so the most popular ones and how to take them will be presented below.
Let's begin to describe what how to take adaptogens, with ginseng. Typically, in sports practice and simply for therapeutic purposes, ginseng tincture is drunk 10-15 drops two to three times a day. It is recommended to do this shortly before meals (30-40 minutes before meals) for two to three full weeks. If you have problems sleeping, then shift your intake time to lunch.
We will also tell you how to take the adaptogen Eleutherococcus: drink its extract 30-40 drops once or twice a day for a maximum of three full weeks (take shortly before meals - 30-40 minutes). The next one will be radiola extract: take 7-10 drops two to three times a day about 20 minutes before meals (course duration - 3-4 weeks).
How is the use of plant adaptogens aralia and leuzia? It's simple: it is recommended to take the first tincture a maximum of 15 drops twice a day (before lunch) for three to four weeks, the second extract - a maximum of 25 drops half an hour before meals in the first half of the day, also for three to four weeks.
The rest of the remedies are not so effective and useful in sports, so we will describe the course and intake of adaptogens Schisandra, Zamanika and some others in a little less detail, but still in all the necessary details:
- Tincture of bait - maximum 30 drops in the first half of the day (half an hour before meals) for 3-4 full weeks;
- Schisandra tincture - maximum 25 drops three times a day for two full weeks (in the morning half an hour before meals);
- Take the natural adaptogen pantocrine liquid - a maximum of three times a day, 40 drops, half an hour before meals;
- Sterculia tincture - about 30 drops maximum twice a day half an hour before meals (preferably in the first half of the day) for two to three full weeks.
In the end, I would like to add that you cannot get a powerful, healthy and beautiful body only with the help of auxiliary means. More serious drugs are also needed here, such as anabolic steroids for muscle growth. The assortment here is large, so you will probably easily find a drug in this category that is ideal for you.
From: AthleticPharma.com