Proper nutrition of the patient with heart failure and edema. Watermelon for Heart Failure Healthy Foods for Heart Failure
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General principles of diet
There are three stages of heart failure:
- 1st: the patient feels discomfort after physical exertion, working capacity is temporarily reduced, but there are no symptoms at rest. In this case, diet No. 10 according to the Pevsner classification is prescribed for heart health.
- 2nd: manifested by a deterioration in blood circulation, stagnation of blood, shortness of breath, malfunctions of the heart, pain.
- 3rd: - dystrophic. There are irreversible changes in tissues, hemodynamic disturbances, metabolic processes. The diet for chronic heart failure of the 2nd and 3rd degree should comply with the principles of the treatment table No. 10a.
- In the daily diet of a person, an average of 300 g of carbohydrates, 50-60 g of proteins, 50 g of fats should be present. The energy value should not exceed 2000 kcal.
- Heart failure is often manifested by a violation of metabolic processes, all dishes are cooked boiled or steamed. During an exacerbation, food is served crushed or mashed.
- Meals should be fractional, 5-6 times a day in small portions. The temperature of the dishes should not be higher than 50 degrees.
- It is advisable to arrange fasting days every 10-12 days.
- The amount of animal fats is limited, as they complicate digestion and put an increased burden on the liver.
- One of the frequent symptoms of insufficiency is a violation of water-salt metabolism. The danger lies not only in edema. Sodium is poorly excreted from the body: it retains fluid in the cells and displaces potassium, which is vital for the functioning of the heart muscle. The patient is prescribed potassium-containing drugs, and the amount of sodium in food is strictly limited.
- A person should consume up to 1 liter of fluid per day until the swelling subsides. Gradually, the water balance will return to normal, and the number of drinks can be increased.
- The amount of salt is limited to 5 g per day. During the period of exacerbation, salt is completely excluded, replacing it with sweet and sour sauces and spices.
- It is important to avoid late dinners. This is an additional load on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Undigested food presses on the diaphragm, making it difficult for the heart to work. The last meal should be no later than 2 hours before bedtime.
Allowed and prohibited products
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The diet should be selected by a specialist, taking into account individual intolerance and the state of the body. If we talk about products, then for diseases of the cardiovascular system, the menu can include:
- Vegetable, dairy and cereal soups, low-fat broths.
- Salt-free pastries from 1-2 grade flour, crackers, unleavened biscuit cookies.
- Lean meats (chicken, turkey, rabbit, veal). Low-fat fish (hake, pangasius, pike, pollock).
- Low-fat cottage cheese, sour cream, dairy products, hard unsalted cheeses. You can eat 1 egg per day, up to 15 g of butter and up to 20 g of vegetable oil.
- Cereals (semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat), pasta once a week.
- Vegetables: tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers, pumpkin, zucchini, squash. As well as Brussels sprouts, broccoli, etc. Less often, you should eat radishes, radishes, spinach, sorrel, legumes. These cultures can cause disruption in the digestive tract.
- Fruits (apples, pears, raspberries, cherries, blueberries, apricots, peaches, citrus fruits), dried fruits.
- Sometimes honey, jam, jam, sugar - no more than 30 g per day.
- Mineral water without gas, weak tea, compotes.
The list of prohibited foods looks like this:
- Canned food, smoked meats, pickles, marinades.
- Rich meat, mushroom, fish broths, fried dishes. They excite the cardiovascular system and give an excessive load on the heart.
- Strong tea, coffee, chocolate, carbonated drinks.
- Horseradish, mustard, pepper, garlic, hot spices.
- Sausages, fast food.
- High-calorie sauces and mayonnaises.
- Baking from premium flour, puff pastry, confectionery.
- Alcoholic drinks.
Carrel diet for CHF
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The main task of this diet is to normalize metabolic processes in the body, remove excess fluid and improve the absorption of drugs. Its creator is the French biologist and surgeon Alexis Carrel. It consists of 4 stages. The entire diet takes 10 to 14 days.
Important! You need to eat at the same time: breakfast - at 8 am, the last meal - at 18:00. The calorie content of the diet increases gradually: at the first stage it is 450 kcal, at the second - 1000, at the third - 1250, at the fourth - 1600
The diet may seem scarce. Allowed dairy products, eggs, rice porridge, salt-free bread, mashed potatoes. Small amounts of boiled meat and butter.
- Stage 1 is divided into 7 meals: drink 100 ml of milk every two hours. At 20:00 it is allowed to drink a glass of rosehip broth (2 tablespoons of berries in 1.5 cups of water, boil in a water bath for 15 minutes). Duration - 3 days, on the third day you can add a handful of dried apricots or raisins.
- 2nd stage. For breakfast, you can eat one soft-boiled egg, 120 grams of bread. For lunch - 200 g of rice porridge with a piece of butter. The rest of the meals are milk and a rosehip broth at night. Duration - 3 days.
- 3rd stage. For lunch, instead of milk, you can eat 200 g of mashed potatoes, for dinner - a soft-boiled egg or a steam omelette. Duration - 3-4 days.
- 4th stage. For breakfast, 120 g of baked apples are offered, for lunch - mashed potatoes with meat soufflé, for dinner - 1 egg. Milk should also be drunk throughout the day. Duration - up to 5 days.
Additionally, doctors recommend taking vitamin complexes containing at least 2 mg of retinol, 4 mg of riboflavin and thiamine, 200 mg of ascorbic acid, 30 mg of nicotinic acid.
Contraindications to the diet are: intolerance to dairy products, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Such a diet allows not only to improve cardiac activity, but also to get rid of excess weight.
Indicative menu for the week
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Diet menu for heart failure for every day
Day of the week | indicative menu |
1st | Breakfast: mashed rice porridge with milk (180 g). Second breakfast: carrot salad with sour cream (100 g). Lunch: lean borscht (200 g). Afternoon: banana. Dinner: boiled noodles (100 g), boiled chicken (100 g). Before going to bed: a glass of kefir |
2nd | Breakfast: buckwheat porridge with butter (180 g). Second breakfast: baked apples (100 g). Lunch: noodle soup (200 g). Snack: cottage cheese with dried fruits (100 g). Dinner: mashed potatoes (100 g), chicken soufflé (100 g). Before bed: a glass of milk |
3rd | Breakfast: 2-egg steam omelet, tomato. Snack: fruit salad (100 g). Lunch: beetroot (200 g). Snack: syrniki with sour cream (100 g). Dinner: stewed vegetables with meat (180 g). |
4th | Breakfast: cottage cheese casserole (180 g). Snack: banana. Lunch: green borscht (200 g). Afternoon snack: fruit mousse (120 g). Dinner: boiled vegetables (100 g), stewed fish (120 g). Before bed: a glass of natural yogurt |
5th | Breakfast: semolina porridge with milk (180 g). Lunch: vegetable soup (200 g), a slice of whole grain bread (30 g). Snack: cottage cheese with dried apricots (100 g). Dinner: turkey stew (180 g). Before going to bed: a glass of kefir |
6th | Breakfast: squash pancakes with sour cream (180 g). Snack: rosehip broth, biscuit cookies (30 g). Lunch: soup with croutons (200 g). Snack: grapefruit. Dinner: stewed potatoes (100 g), boiled beef (100 g). Before bed: a glass of curdled milk |
7th | Breakfast: soft-boiled egg, cheese sandwich (50 g). Snack: compote with crackers (30 g). Lunch: chicken broth (200 g), a slice of bread (30 g). Afternoon: orange. Dinner: krupenik with meat (200 g). Before bed: a glass of yogurt |
The heart is the most important organ in the body. It is better to take care of his health in advance, just include the following foods in your diet, watch the video below.
In medicine, a decrease in the ability of the heart muscle to contract is increasingly observed, which entails a number of complex disorders. The acute form of heart failure is very dangerous to health and threatens a person with the possibility of death. A heart failure diet will help reduce the risk of adverse effects and improve general condition. It should organically combine nutrition, balance and easy tolerance for the body.
Diet will be the best assistant to eliminate heart load, rapid and difficult breathing, excess fluid in the tissues of certain places of the body, and will also normalize weight. But with chronic heart failure, diet alone is not enough. It is also worth noting that self-medication can play a cruel joke on health. Nutrition for this disease must be prescribed by a doctor! But still there are some general rules for all patients.
Products strictly prohibited in heart failure
There is a whole list of foods that are detrimental to heart work, which tend to retain fluid and disrupt metabolism. This pathology can be caused not only by food, but also by alcoholic beverages with smoking. Get rid of bad habits and exclude the following components from the diet:
- Salt, which serves as a cumulative source of water in the blood vessels, impairing their work. But you should not completely exclude salt with a mild course of heart failure. The daily norm for an adult is 5-6 grams. If the pathology is severe, then it is necessary to completely replace the salt with herbs.
- Sugar, which is the cause of the edematous state. Control the use of confectionery. The allowable sugar limit per day is a few sweets or 4-6 tablespoons of sugar.
- Fatty foods are the main enemy for weight. A worthy alternative to fats will be vegetable oil, low-fat sour cream, cheese and cottage cheese. Butter is allowed in a volume equivalent to one teaspoon.
- Harmful food of a different nature. Fried, smoked, spicy foods and strong drinks are strictly prohibited. As well as chocolate products and a variety of spices.
Foods that are good for the heart
Deficiency of certain chemical elements fundamentally worsens the work of the heart. Insufficient amounts of nutrients can cause life-threatening consequences. Doctors recommend the following vitamins for heart failure:
- Potassium and magnesium. Potassium perfectly regulates the work of all functions, including the urinary system, which removes unnecessary fluid. Potassium can be obtained from bananas, nuts, cabbage, oranges, prunes, dried apricots, grapefruits, buckwheat and oatmeal, and berries. Magnesium has a beneficial effect on blood vessels. Almonds, hazelnuts, seaweed and watermelon are the main sources of magnesium.
- Food that restores the acid-base level. This category includes vegetables such as beets, cucumbers, pumpkins, potatoes, lettuce, carrots, but only in stewed or baked form. As well as dairy products and some fruits.
- Selenium and chromium. Selenium helps the absorption of minerals, reduces the level of clogging of the heart arteries, destroys radicals harmful to cells. You can get it from bakery products, mineral water or dietary supplements. Chromium enhances the action of the protein hormone of the pancreas, which regulates carbohydrate metabolism in the body. The biological additive Chromvital will saturate the body with chromium.
Universal recommendations for a diet for impaired heart function
Cardiologists advise limiting fluid intake to 1-1.2 liters per day. Stick to this norm, as a decrease can lead to weakness. Do not overfill your stomach with food, eat 5-6 times a day in moderate doses, do not load your heart with additional work at night (take the last meal 4 hours before a night's rest). Food should be steamed, baked in the oven or boiled.
diet recipes
What you need to eat with heart failure is already clear, it remains to figure out which foods are best compatible, their dosage and time of administration. There are a wide variety of recipes for diets for heart failure. An example of one of the recipes:
- Morning. It involves taking 10 grams of butter and 50 grams of any porridge with the addition of a teaspoon of butter and sugar - at 8.00. Steamed omelette containing no more than one egg with a glass of carrot juice - 11.00.
- Lunch time. During the period of 14.00, take 100 grams of boiled lean meat, cut into small pieces, and mashed potatoes. A glass of milk jelly. 16.00 - 30 grams of prunes, sprinkled with 10 grams of sugar.
- Evening. At 19.00 - 100 grams of potato cutlets with dried apricots and 75 grams of cottage cheese per 10 grams of sugar. At 21.00 - half a glass of hot milk. Immediately before going to bed, drink 100 milliliters of rosehip decoction.
This recipe must be agreed with the attending physician, who will confirm its beneficial effect individually for your body and your form of the disease.
Diet Karel
Nutrition for heart failure according to the Karelian diet has a positive effect even at a severe stage of the disease. The duration is 3-4 days. The main active ingredient is milk. Focus on calcium supplements in your diet. Products used in clinical nutrition are warm milk, grated boiled meat, eggs, baked goods without salt, rice, oatmeal or buckwheat porridge, butter.
Daily menu for Karel's diet:
- Morning time of day. Half a glass of milk and a boiled egg with a slice of bread - 8.00. Another half glass of milk - 10.00. 200 grams of mashed potatoes with butter and half a glass of milk - 12.00.
- Dinner. At 14.00 - 200 grams of meat with a teaspoon of butter and milk, in a volume of 125 milliliters. At 16.00 - repeat the intake of milk.
- Evening time. 18.00 - half a glass of milk and one boiled egg, 20.00 - the same amount of milk, 22.00 - 125 milliliters of fruit juice.
Diets for heart failure bring the desired result only at a mild stage of pathology. You should definitely contact a cardiologist, diagnose the body and coordinate your diet. In the case of chronic heart failure (CHF), one diet is not enough. This is where drastic treatment is needed. Do not joke with your health and life, be attentive to your heart and, at the slightest complaint, hurry to the doctor. Show maximum patience and willpower so as not to violate dietary guidelines. The beneficial effect will definitely make itself felt. We wish you a speedy recovery!
If there are serious heart problems, drug therapy is of paramount importance for normal well-being and the absence of complications. But no less important is the way of life, in which, first of all, there should be a place for proper nutrition. The diet for heart failure and edema consists of foods that give enough strength. It is diverse, but there are some prohibitions in it.
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Why food restrictions should be introduced
Food is energy, and if there is too much of it in the body, the heart works harder. If its contractile function is underestimated due to overload, the myocardium is affected, or there are other problems, the wrong food can aggravate the situation. Conversely, the diet will help remove existing difficulties in the general condition:
Sufficient, but no frills nutrition contributes to a better perception of the body of drugs. But the main thing that it gives is the stabilization of well-being. Edema, shortness of breath go away, blood circulation and the functions of the kidneys and liver are normalized.
Diet number 10
Table number 10 involves reducing the calorie content of food by reducing the amount of fat and carbohydrates. But its main feature is the reduction in the volume of salt consumed, which in total should not exceed 2.5 - 5 g per day. Seasoning is added to already prepared food.
This diet for heart failure also involves reducing portions. But the number of meals per day should increase to 5. This makes it possible to absorb nutrients without shocking overload for the body.
Products are prepared by stewing, boiled. For a day, the energy intensity of food is no more than 2500 kcal. 90 g of food eaten should be proteins (animal and vegetable), 70 g - fats, 400 g - carbohydrates.
- Bread is allowed white and rye, but without salt and not rich. You can eat pastries with bran.
- Soups are better to cook on vegetable broths, you can milk or fruit. Cereals will serve as additional ingredients in them.
- Meat and fish are lean (rabbit, turkey, beef, chicken). And from the aquatic inhabitants - hake, navaga, pike, pike perch, cod. Animal protein comes mainly from them, since eggs can be eaten no more than 3 pieces per week.
- Vegetables are stewed, boiled, baked or eaten raw. Useful potatoes, broccoli, pumpkin, carrots, zucchini, beets, tomatoes and cucumbers.
- For second courses, pasta, buckwheat, oatmeal, semolina, rice are suitable. They are allowed to bake.
- Milk and derivatives from it should make up a significant part of the diet. It is calcium and also a way to reduce acidity in the body. Depending on preferences, whole milk, and kefir, yogurts, cottage cheese, a little sour cream or cream are suitable.
- Desserts should be made from fruits (mousse, jelly, jam, marmalade, marshmallows). They are also eaten in an unprocessed form, you only need to take sweet and ripe apples, pears, peaches, etc. It is important here to limit the amount, keeping in mind the calorie content.
- Of the drinks, those that have vitamins in their composition are useful and at the same time quench their thirst. These are decoctions of wild rose and currant, natural juices, fruit drinks.
Restrictions and prohibitions in the diet
Table number 10 limits:
- coffee drinks and strong tea;
- butter and vegetable oils (they are put in ready meals);
- herring soaked in water;
- green peas and white cabbage;
- garlic and onions, radish;
- carbonated drinks.
Also prohibited:
- alcohol,
- natural coffe,
- chocolate,
- broths from meat, mushrooms and fish,
- smoked meats,
- offal, caviar.
What does daily nutrition look like in heart failure?
A diet for heart failure for every day can be as follows:
meal | Menu |
early tomorrow | A sandwich with cream cheese (bread 125 g), a glass of tea with milk (150 ml + 50 ml), semolina porridge (150 g) will do. |
Snack after a couple of hours | May consist of an apple or pear with a handful of raisins or prunes. |
Dinner | It is ideal to prepare cauliflower soup (250 ml), put a spoonful of sour cream in a plate, as well as a piece of turkey (60 g) and a couple of boiled potatoes (150 g), blackcurrant broth. |
afternoon tea | It will be enough compote from apples with the addition of sugar (no more than 2 tsp per glass) and dry cookies (a couple of pieces). |
Dinner | You can stew fish (85 g) with carrot puree (150 g), add sweet pilaf with fruits (90 g) and tea with milk (200 ml). |
Before bedtime | It is useful to drink a glass of kefir or yogurt. |
Diet Karel
If table number 10 is indicated for patients who are in a stable condition, then Karel's diet is needed when health is thoroughly undermined by a severe stage of pathology. It is much stricter, but allows you to quickly remove swelling and shortness of breath.
The food looks like this:
- the first 3 days the patient receives daily divided into 8-10 doses from 800 ml to 1 liter of warm milk and finally 100 g of rosehip broth;
- at the next stage (2-3 days), solid food is added in a small amount, for example, 50 g of bread, 200 g of semolina with a piece of butter;
- from the 6th to the 9th day of the diet per day with 700 g of milk, you can eat at different times 150 g of bread, 200 g of vegetable puree with butter, 2 eggs;
- from the 10th to the 16th day, the proportion of solid food increases markedly.
In order for food to be a source of strength and pleasure, and not problems, it is worth following some rules:
- do not drink a lot of fluids (1.2 liters per day), give priority to decoctions of wild rose, nettle to quench your thirst;
- replace, where possible, vegetable oil animal;
- eat at the same hours;
- dishes boil or steam for a long time, chew thoroughly during the meal.
It is not difficult to follow a "heart" diet, it is quite diverse. But the effect of it in combination with high-quality treatment, physical education is very noticeable.
For the sake of this, it is worth forgetting about some, perhaps, your favorite products. The reward will be not only good health, but also the absence of progression of the disease.
Read also
Heart failure: symptoms, treatment with folk remedies and medications. The use of hawthorn, viburnum, mountain ash and other plants.
Such a group of drugs as diuretics for hypertension and heart failure are always used. They are aimed at removing excess water, which causes swelling and raises blood pressure. What diuretics for heart failure will help eliminate the disease, their classification and types, and what kind of traditional medicine works no worse than medications?
Table of contents [Show]
general information
Diuretics in diseases of the cardiovascular system are used to reduce the high level of water in the body and normalize blood pressure. In acute heart failure, intravenous diuretics are indicated, and in CHF, the patient uses synthetic preparations and homemade decoctions and infusions, which is also effective and brings a positive result.
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Mechanism of action of diuretics in hypertension and heart failure
Therapy with diuretics in cardiovascular diseases, CHF and edema helps to reduce fluid, which accumulates in excess inside the vessels. Excessive accumulation of fluid provokes the development of arterial hypertension, which is dangerous for the health of the patient. In addition to an increase in pressure, the patient's return of venous blood to the heart decreases. But you need to remember that the drugs are prescribed by a doctor, who is based on the results of tests and studies. Self-medication and uncontrolled use of diuretics provokes the development of complications and deterioration of a person's condition.
Scheme of action of diuretics. Back to the table of contents
Classification and appointment of hypertensive patients
Depending on how such drugs act on the body, the following types are distinguished:
- Loop diuretics are the most commonly used. They cause a diuretic effect, reducing the reabsorption of sodium and chlorine elements, while enhancing the process of potassium excretion. This causes a decrease in the concentration ability of the kidneys, water is intensively excreted, swelling subsides.
- Thiazide diuretics, concentrated in the carotid region, do not allow potassium and sodium to be absorbed. If loop and thiazide diuretics are taken uncontrollably, there is a danger of hypokalemia, which is dangerous for the life and health of the patient. Thiazide diuretics in renal failure do not have the desired effect, therefore, after the symptoms of the disease have been eliminated, they are replaced with loop ones.
- Potassium-sparing ones provoke the production of sodium, this is a consequence of a delay in the body of potassium. The action occurs at the level of the distal tubules, where the exchange of such elements in tissue cells takes place.
- Osmotic preparations affect the structure of the excreted urine and do not have an effect for therapy for heart disease.
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce the active properties of the enzyme, which provokes a decrease in the production of carbonic acid. As a result, the absorption of sodium ions decreases and water is excreted.
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Synthetic drugs
Diuretics are prescribed only by a doctor.
All drugs that are a product of the artificial industry are divided into groups depending on how strong the effect will be on the body in case of heart failure. Therefore, we must remember that the independent choice and use of drugs are dangerous for the patient. Diuretic drugs are prescribed only by a doctor after receiving the results of tests and diagnostic examinations.
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Strong effect in cardiac edema
Potent diuretic drugs of this group eliminate the signs of heart disease, take them both orally and intravenously. The representative of this group is Furosemide. To stop the decompensation of the chronic process, the doctor prescribes a diuretic in the form of tablets to the patient. You need to drink them not every day, but according to a special scheme, but at least 4 times a week. If a person has such manifestations, then it is forbidden to take diuretics:
- with atrophy of the tissues of the kidneys, which is accompanied by the absence of urine in the urinary;
- in case of failures in the balance of fluid and electrolytes in the body;
- with a decrease in sodium in the blood.
Diuretic drugs of this type disrupt the balance of fluid and electrolytes in the body. Before prescribing funds, the doctor warns the patient about the danger of developing symptoms such as:
- vascular collapse, which develops with a decrease in blood volume in the body;
- hypotension;
- attacks of arrhythmia and convulsions, the appearance of which means a lack of elements of magnesium and potassium;
- thromboembolism, which manifests itself against the background of an increase in the viscous properties of the blood;
- neurological diseases.
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Medium diuretic for the heart
The drug is used as an auxiliary for severe edema and heart disease.
Diuretic drugs of moderate action are used as auxiliary drugs for severe edema and heart disease, as well as for the treatment of hearts in which the disease has become chronic. Representatives of this group are "Indapamide", "Hypothiazid", "Chlortalidone". The drug, once in the body, begins to act after 45-60 minutes, the duration of exposure is 8-24 hours, depending on the state of health and the severity of the disease. If acute attacks occur in the cores, then the dosage of the drug is allowed to be increased, but in case of a chronic illness, it is impossible to increase the amount of the dose, since the following consequences develop:
- The amount of potassium and magnesium in the blood decreases.
- Increased levels of calcium and urea.
- The blood pressure goes down.
- The patient is concerned about dizziness, pain, nausea and fatigue.
- Symptoms of dyspepsia appear.
- Glucose rises in the blood, so patients with diabetes should take drugs carefully.
- Disturbed symptoms of arrhythmia.
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Sparing diuretics
This group of drugs belongs to potassium-sparing diuretics, has an unexpressed diuretic effect. More often they are indicated for use in the treatment of a long-term chronic course of cardiovascular diseases (CHF). Do not apply in acute attacks and severe deterioration. The representative of this group is Triamteren and Spironolactone tablets. If diuretics from different groups are included in the treatment regimen, then it will be possible to reduce the risk of developing a violation of the water and electrolyte balance, but then it is necessary to monitor the level of fluctuations in potassium and magnesium ions.
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Folk remedies and herbs for hearts
Natural diuretic drugs are no worse than synthetic ones in coping with attacks of heart failure and CHF, with prolonged use they reduce the risk of relapses. More often, diuretic herbs are used for heart failure, infusions, tinctures and decoctions are prepared from them. These drugs have a diuretic effect and help eliminate the symptoms of the disease. Effective properties have such infusions and decoctions:
- Natural diuretics help relieve the symptoms of the disease, while sparingly affecting the body.
Infusion of birch buds. Take 1 tbsp. l. kidneys, juniper fruits and horsetail leaves, combine, place in a teapot and pour boiling water to the top. Let it brew for 2-3 hours, then use half a cup 4 times a day.
- Infusion of yarrow. 1 st. l. pour dried and chopped herbs with boiling water, wrap the container and let it brew in a warm place. Take half a glass 2-3 times a day.
- Infusion of string, mint and yarrow. Grind the herbs, place in a thermos and pour boiling water. After 3-4 hours, drink 1/3 cup each time before meals.
Cardiac glycosides are preparations based on foxglove plants, strophan seed and lily of the valley berries. Glycosides manage to ensure that the heart contracts more strongly, which is important in case of insufficiency and the development of an attack. But we must remember that such drugs are poisonous and uncontrolled use is life-threatening. Infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs help relieve the symptoms of the disease, while sparingly affecting the body. But you need to remember that before using folk remedies, you need to consult a doctor, since self-treatment causes side effects, some of them are life-threatening.
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Building resilience
Often, with prolonged use of diuretic drugs, a person develops resistance and then the therapy becomes ineffective. The urine excreted with the help of drugs decreases, the symptoms of fluid retention increase, swelling and deterioration of health appear. This situation is dangerous in case of a heart attack, as it is not possible to reduce the pressure and fluid level in the vessels. The reasons for this situation are:
- decrease in blood flow, resulting in a decrease in its intravascular volume;
- reabsorption of sodium;
- with neurohormonal activation;
- due to impaired renal function, tubular secretion decreases;
- decrease in blood supply to the tissues of the kidneys;
- problems with the absorption of drugs;
- violation of the therapeutic diet and the use of large amounts of salt.
To avoid serious consequences and cope with resistance to diuretics, you need to follow a diet and water-salt balance, adjust the medication regimen, change the way you take the drug, monitor kidney function, follow all the doctor's recommendations and prescriptions. Diuretic drugs help to remove the symptoms of the disease, facilitate the work of the cardiovascular system, but do not treat the root cause.
A huge number of people suffer from cardiovascular diseases. Recently, problems of the heart and blood vessels began to bother people already at the age of 30-40 years. A severe outcome of such diseases is heart failure - a condition when the heart cannot cope with its work. The main symptom of this disease is swelling associated with fluid retention in the body. This is due not only to a violation of the contractile function of the heart, but also to significant violations of metabolic processes in the organs, tissues and cells of the body. The role of diet is very important in the treatment of heart failure. What are its main principles?
1. Limit your salt intake.
In heart failure, water-salt metabolism is disturbed. Salt attracts water to itself, which contributes to the overflow of blood vessels with fluid and significantly complicates the work of the heart. For this reason, salt intake should not exceed 5-6 g per day, including the salt already contained in prepared meals and products. For cooking, salt with a reduced sodium content is recommended - it practically does not differ in taste from ordinary salt. With exacerbation of heart failure and in the presence of significant edema, food should be prepared without the use of salt at all. Use herbs to keep your food fresh.
2. Drink no more than 1-1.2 liters of fluid per day.
This amount should include soups, tea, compotes, juices, etc. It is also impossible to drink less, otherwise the excretion of nitrogenous metabolic products will be difficult, weakness and constipation may appear. It is better to quench your thirst with weak tea, you can use fruit tea. Coffee is recommended weak or with milk, juices - in half with water. Mineral water is recommended to drink no more than 1-2 glasses a day.
3. Enrich your diet with potassium and magnesium salts.
Potassium has a diuretic effect, that is, it accelerates the excretion of excess fluid from the body. Its deficiency can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Potassium is necessary for the normal functioning of the heart muscle, and magnesium - blood vessels.
A lot of potassium is found in dried apricots, prunes, bananas, peaches, apricots, nuts, beets, potatoes and cabbage (red, cauliflower, white cabbage - boiled or stewed), rose hips, citrus fruits (especially in oranges and grapefruits), cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, rice), berries (black and red currants, raspberries, cherries, gooseberries, cranberries).
Magnesium is rich in cereals, bread and nuts (especially walnuts, almonds and hazelnuts), sunflower seeds, seaweed, watermelon).
4. Eat 5-6 small meals a day.
The volume of food eaten at one meal is essential. A large amount of food entering the stomach leads to its overflow and the rise of the diaphragm, which negatively affects the work of the heart. You need to eat at least 5 times a day. The last time you eat should be no later than 4-5 hours before bedtime. You can eat no more than 2-3 pieces of white or black bread per day.
5. Include more alkalizing foods on your menu.
In heart failure, the acid-base balance is shifted to the acid side. Milk and dairy products, vegetables (lettuce, beets, carrots, cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes, pumpkin, cauliflower, potatoes), greens, fruits (pears and apples), berries will help restore it.
With a tendency to flatulence, most vegetables are best used stewed or baked. In raw form, you can eat ripe tomatoes, lettuce, cucumbers, grated carrots. In the diet, you should limit foods that cause flatulence (white cabbage, garlic, onions, radishes, legumes, carbonated drinks).
6 Limit your sugar intake.
It also contributes to the appearance of edema. Consider everything: sweets, cake, cookies, honey, buns, ice cream. It is allowed to eat a choice of 4-5 sweets or 6 teaspoons of sugar, honey, jam, jam per day. All sweets in terms of sugar can be eaten no more than 100 g per day.
7 Give up fatty foods.
This is an additional burden on the liver and heart, especially if you are overweight. Use vegetable oil for cooking. Replace mayonnaise with low-fat sour cream, but you should not abuse it either. Butter can be eaten no more than 1 teaspoon per day. Include relatively low-fat varieties of cheese (with 18-20% fat content) in your diet, but no more than one slice per day.
8. Forget about chocolate, strong, rich broths, fried and smoked meat, spicy dishes and spices.
All these products negatively affect the work of the heart.
9. Give preference to cereals, boiled, stewed and baked dishes.
You can cook them from lean meat (beef, veal) and low-fat fish (perch, cod, pike, saffron cod, hake, ice). Use chicken and turkey skinless. Vegetable side dishes are better (from potatoes, cabbage, zucchini, carrots). Soups are preferably vegetarian and dairy.
10. Periodically spend fasting days.
It can be, for example, curd-milk, apple or rice-compote fasting days. This is what the diet looks like on a curd-apple fasting day: for the whole day you will need 300 g of cottage cheese, 500 g of apples, 400 ml of milk or kefir. If you are not overweight, you can add 200-300 g of boiled potatoes. Divide all these products into 5-6 receptions.
Take care of your diet with the following in mind
Sample menu for the day
Breakfast
Buckwheat porridge (oatmeal) - 6-8 tbsp. spoons (options: cottage cheese - 150 g; cottage cheese casserole; cheesecakes) and ½ cup of milk. Butter sandwich if desired. A glass of weak tea.
Lunch
Fresh or baked apple (options: pear; 5-6 soaked dried apricots; banana).
Dinner
Vegetarian soup, boiled meat (options: fish, chicken, turkey) with stewed carrots (options: stewed beets, stewed cabbage, tomato and cucumber salad with sunflower oil), dried fruit compote or fruit drink.
afternoon tea
Apple (options: pear; a glass of rosehip broth; 6-8 pieces of soaked dried apricots).
Dinner (no later than 19.00)
Boiled fish with 1-2 boiled potatoes (options: porridge with a slice of cheese, cottage cheese, carrot-apple casserole).
Before bedtime you can drink a glass of kefir or yogurt.
Treatment of heart failure is carried out under the supervision of a cardiologist, but the success of treatment largely depends on the participation of the patient in it. With a mild form of heart failure, at an early stage of the development of the disease, it may be enough to change the diet and lifestyle (quitting smoking and drinking alcohol, physical activity). Often this helps to completely eliminate puffiness, normalize weight, get rid of shortness of breath and thereby remove unnecessary stress from the heart.
The human heart works in a certain rhythm: it pumps a certain amount of blood through the vessels in a given period of time in order to supply all organs and systems with it. Sometimes the heart muscle cannot cope with the load, and this is due to myocardial injury, a decrease in the frequency of contractions, an increase in pressure or amount of blood. This condition is called heart failure.
In addition to taking the prescribed medications, the patient needs to take care of normalizing his own lifestyle, eliminating stress, minimizing physical exertion and maximizing the health of the body. An equally important point is the revision of the diet. After all, food serves as energy for our body, the intensity of the work of the heart depends on its quantity and quality. Together with external negative factors, “wrong” food can aggravate the situation by accelerating the wear of the most important organ.
What is heart failure
Restrictions in the work of the heart weaken it, as a result of which the blood cannot circulate fully. When left ventricular failure is diagnosed, lung function stagnates and cardiac asthma attacks occur. Insufficiency of the right ventricle leads to stagnation of blood in the liver, accumulation of fluid in the cavities, swelling of the lower back and lower extremities.
Inadequate blood flow is fraught with a lack of oxygen for internal organs and tissues. Oxygen starvation leads to the development of acidosis and the accumulation of unprocessed metabolic products - lactic acid. Increased metabolism and downed protein metabolism provoke depletion of the body. Edema indicates a violation of the water-salt balance.
The main task of the diet used in heart failure is to stimulate the work of the myocardium and eliminate swelling. This diagnosis is accompanied by sodium stasis, which means limiting salt intake during diet therapy. In addition, the patient is forbidden to drink a lot of liquid: the allowable limit is 1–1.2 liters per day.
Nutrition in heart failure should compensate for the lack of potassium, which removes excess fluid, and helps to stimulate the rhythmic work of the heart. Magnesium is also very important in the diet, as it activates enzymes, speeds up metabolism, and regulates acidity. Violation of the functioning of the myocardium often leads to a violation of calcium metabolism. The reduced content of this microelement causes convulsions, besides, normal blood clotting is impossible without it.
Basic principles of nutrition
The rules accompanying the main therapy are strict. To achieve a positive result, especially in old age, it is necessary to adhere to the following dietary principles:
- Mode. Required fractional meals, divided into 5-6 receptions. It is better to eat little by little, you can divide your usual portion in half (for lunch and dinner).
- Overeating - an abundance of food eaten at one time, greatly burdens the heart, it must cope with the processing of energy. Vessels and myocardium will unload if you lower cholesterol, get rid of excess fat stores, and monitor body weight.
- Liquid - in the limitation of "liter per day." This includes soups, teas and other drinks. Tea and coffee should not be strong, they need to be diluted with milk. Water - a maximum of two glasses, juices should not be concentrated. Fluid complicates the work of the heart, forming edema.
- Salt. The work of the heart is complicated by the abundance of fluid, which is the result of excessive salt intake. The norm is about 5 g per day, and ideally it is better to use it as little as possible, up to complete failure.
- Microelements. Improve metabolism, activate metabolic processes. The main roles here are assigned to magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium. Foods rich in potassium contribute to the removal of fluid, cope with edema, and activate myocardial contractility. Due to the lack of an element in the tissues, toxins are retained, the heart muscle is depleted. Calcium deficiency leads to pain and cramps, this happens by itself in heart failure. Magnesium is necessary to enrich the composition of plasma and blood. Phosphorus is involved in all metabolic processes.
- Forbidden: spicy food, smoked foods, fried meat, spices, chocolate, rich broths. All this increases pressure, speeds up the work of the heart, preventing it from relaxing.
- Fats. Food rich in fat should be excluded from the diet. Butter is strictly limited to one teaspoon per day, dressing salads and cooking only on sunflower. Cheese can be consumed, but not more than one small piece per day. The product must not be salty.
- Bread. It is allowed to eat a couple of pieces of white or black bread a day.
- Sweet. It provokes swelling, so the maximum amount should be reduced to 6 teaspoons of granulated sugar, or replace it with honey, or eat 4 sweets.
- alkaline products. In heart failure, the acid-base balance is disturbed, the acidic environment intensifies, and then shortness of breath, arrhythmia, etc. occur. Therefore, the emphasis must be placed on alkaline food, using:
- berries;
- apples;
- pears;
- spinach;
- fresh greens;
- cucumbers;
- beets;
- tomatoes;
- dairy and dairy products.
- Basic diet. The following products are helpful:
- cereals from different types of cereals;
- lean beef;
- turkey;
- chicken;
- lean fish;
- first courses (preferably vegetarian or dairy);
- baked or boiled potatoes;
- stewed zucchini;
- carrot;
- cabbage.
Heart diseases are accompanied by a lack of minerals and some vitamins, and a special diet is designed to fill in all the missing gaps, thus normalizing the blood circulation process.
Products | Can | It is forbidden |
Dairy | A glass of milk is a mandatory daily norm, and besides it, neutral cheeses, kefir, sour cream, cottage cheese, fermented baked milk, yogurt are useful | Spicy and overly salty cheeses |
Meat | There are no special restrictions, the main thing is that it be prepared in the right way. Frying is excluded, as it promotes the formation of cholesterol. Chicken, beef, veal, rabbit, turkey are best boiled, baked or steamed. The skin needs to be removed from the bird. | Strongly rich broths from chicken, beef, pork, lard, barbecue, spicy, smoked, salted meat. Reduce the amount of animal fat in food, eat less liver, heart, kidneys and other offal |
Fish | You can cook fish soup or bake low-fat fish like cod, navaga, pollock, pike perch, mackerel, etc. in foil without oil. | Boil strong fish broths, eat smoked, dried, salted fish, as well as caviar |
Bakery products | Wheat bread, crackers, bran, crispbread, shortbread cookies | Fritters, muffin, pancakes, puff pastry |
Fruits, berries | Strawberries, raspberries, pomegranates, pear, watermelon, apple, citrus fruits, apricots, currants, bananas, persimmons, grapes, prunes. You can also cook dried fruits, jams, jams, marmalade from them. | |
Vegetables | Tomatoes, broccoli, cauliflower, eggplant, zucchini, pumpkin, cucumbers, potatoes, lettuce, beets | It is better to limit radish and radish, as they provoke abundant gas formation. For the same reason, white cabbage, pickles, marinades and pickled vegetables should be consumed to a minimum. |
cereals | Rice, buckwheat, semolina and oatmeal. You can cook them with water or milk. Pasta is better to choose from durum wheat | Beans, peas, lentils should be limited in quantities, as they are the cause of flatulence. Add oil to cereals to a minimum |
Beverages | Kissel, compote, weak tea with lemon, weak coffee with milk, chicory as an alternative to coffee, juices and fruits, vegetables and berries | Alcohol, carbonated drinks, cocoa, hot chocolate, strong tea and coffee, grape juice |
Vegetarian dishes will be an excellent basis for a daily diet; you can treat yourself to baked meat a couple of times a month and on holidays. You can cook soups with cereals, as well as eat boiled eggs, but not more than three pieces a week. It is better to exclude mushrooms from your own menu for a while, because they require a lot of energy to digest, and besides, they may contain toxins.
Sample menu for a patient
Diet for heart failure implies compliance with three basic rules:
- fractional nutrition;
- healthy food;
- light diet.
Based on this, you can make an indicative menu for the day.
- Breakfast: 100 g of milk with cheesecakes, pudding or cottage cheese, you can eat buckwheat or oatmeal. As an alternative - tea with milk, bread and butter.
- Second breakfast: fruit snack: apple, pear, banana or dried apricots.
- Lunch: soup without meat, boiled poultry, steamed fish. For garnish - stewed cabbage, beetroot or carrot puree, salad of fresh green vegetables seasoned with vegetable oil.
- Snack: a glass of rosehip broth, dried apricots or an apple.
- Dinner: boiled fish with potatoes, cottage cheese, porridge or apple casserole with carrots. Dinner should be no later than seven in the evening.
- Second dinner: a glass of curdled milk or kefir.
Fasting days
Fasting days are no less effective. They can replace diets for heart failure, but only if the stage of the disease is not too advanced.
So, we present several options for unloading days:
- Apples and cottage cheese. Half a kilo of apples plus two glasses of kefir or milk, supplemented with 300 g of cottage cheese. If there is no excess weight, you can add 200-300 g of baked or boiled potatoes.
- Compote and rice. 1–1.2 l. compote without sugar and twice a day for a small portion of rice.
- Apple Day. It is allowed to eat up to 1.5 kg of fruits, you can supplement with a mug of coffee with milk or 4 glasses of freshly squeezed apple juice.
- Cottage cheese with kefir. For a day, divide one liter of kefir and 300 g of cottage cheese.
It is better to eat strictly by the hour, and the diet menu should be rationalized by the attending physician, choosing the right products for a particular case, taking into account the age and other characteristics of the patient's body.
Products for heart failure play no less a role than drug treatment.
A properly selected diet will enhance the effectiveness of medications and speed up recovery.
Proper nutrition in heart failure is one of the main types of prevention of exacerbations of cardiovascular diseases. Comprehensive treatment, including, in addition to medical therapy, the possibilities of a natural pharmacy, a balanced diet and a mindset for recovery, demonstrate amazing results.
How to properly organize nutrition with a weakened heart
Even the ancient healers brought us a simple but important truth: food is medicine. Pure products of plant and animal origin improve blood biochemistry, tone up the cardiovascular system, normalize blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Raspberry, familiar from childhood, cleanses blood vessels. Pears can calm the heartbeat. Blackcurrant thins the blood, reduces atherosclerotic manifestations.
The diet for heart failure consists of a number of fundamental principles, the unconditional observance of which helps to eliminate or significantly alleviate negative symptoms.
Attention: any diet is coordinated with the attending physician!
Limited water and salt intake
Heart failure is accompanied (at least!) by deviations in blood pressure and edema, provoked by stagnation in the body of excess fluid. From this point of view, the control of the volume of consumption of water, drinks, liquid foods plays a paramount role. Getting into narrowed vessels, liquids increase pressure on their walls. Since the heart does not fully cope with the removal of excess, the limbs begin to swell. The provocative role of salt in this situation is obvious: it causes thirst and retains water.
To reduce violations of water-salt metabolism, doctors recommend:
- set for yourself a drinking schedule for every day - 1000 or 1200 ml of water, taking into account drinks and liquid nutrition;
- remember that lack of water causes weakness, stool retention. Therefore, do not go to extremes;
- brew tea weakly, better with fruit; coffee - light, with milk; reduce the concentration of juices by half; Mineral waters can be drunk up to half a liter;
- do not exceed the norm of 5-6 gr. salt (preferably a low-sodium variety) per day, and if edema increases, abandon it completely;
- to give appetizing salt-free dishes, add a little spicy herbs.
Normalization of potassium-magnesium balance
The lack of potassium and magnesium depresses the cardiovascular tone, since these trace elements constitute the main content of the cells.
When potassium deficiency is replenished, fluid outflow improves. Magnesium in the right concentration has a beneficial effect on blood pressure and peripheral blood flow.
A high percentage of potassium contain:
- dried fruits - dried apricots, prunes;
- fresh apricots, peaches, bananas, oranges, grapefruits;
- currant, gooseberry, cranberry, cloudberry, cherry, raspberry;
- rose hips, nuts;
- buckwheat, oats, rice;
- potatoes, bell peppers.
The following foods are rich in magnesium:
- cereals, baked goods;
- nuts, seeds;
- seaweed;
- watermelons.
Fractional nutrition
Improper nutrition in heart failure, a full stomach - all this creates an extra load on the heart muscle. Breaking down into 5 or 6 servings a day will keep you from getting too hungry. Knowing that after a short period of time it will be possible to snack again, it is psychologically easier to limit yourself to a small amount of food. With slow, long chewing, a feeling of satiety will come just in time for the end of a modest meal. After 19.00 - only a glass of kefir for the night.
Products that reduce the acidity of the gastrointestinal tract
One of the disorders in the weakened activity of the heart center is an increase in acidity.
To adjust the acid-base balance will help the products used every day:
- fresh milk and sour dairy products;
- vegetables - beets, carrots, cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes, cauliflower, potatoes, greens, leafy salads;
- fruits - pears, apples;
- berries.
Often, a weakened body reacts to fresh plant products with flatulence. The "problem" group includes white cabbage, peas, beans, onions, garlic, radishes. Drinks saturated with gas are undesirable.
All varieties of tomatoes and cucumbers, leaf lettuce, carrots are well absorbed. The rest of the allowed vegetable products are prepared by stewing and baking.
Less sweet
Sugar, like salt, is a plentiful drink accumulated in the body. The concept of "sugar" includes confectionery, sweet pastries, fruit preparations (jam), honey.
Consumption of sugar and products containing it - no more than 100 g / day. You can still afford a choice of 4-5 sweets, 5-6 tsp. sugar, honey, jam, confiture, preserves.
Reduced fat intake
Fatty foods bring unhealthy cholesterol. Plaques occupy the inner surfaces of the vessels, blood flow decreases, the liver works at its limit. "Bunches" of fat hang on the heart and accumulate under the skin.
The diet carries out the primary task - to lose weight and ease the load, primarily on the heart.
The following products will come to the rescue:
- in cooking - the priority of vegetable oils (reduce butter to 1 tsp per day);
- meat, fish - only lean (beef, chicken, turkey, pollock, hake, cod, perch, blue whiting);
- garnishing cabbage, potato, squash, carrot;
- first courses on the water;
- milk soups;
- low-fat, sweetish cheeses (1 slice per day);
- low-fat cottage cheese, milk, sour dairy products;
- coarse bread (grain, bran, dark varieties) - 2 or 3 slices per day.
What should not be on the menu:
- saturated broths;
- fried/smoked meat products, fish;
- hot spices;
- chocolate.
Fasting days
Diet for heart failure, especially with excess weight, provides for periodic fasting. Its reasonable organization will give a good long-term result and improve well-being.
Important! Cardiological patients can arrange fasting days only with the permission of the doctor.
The number of "unloadings" can range from 1 to 3 per week. In the "post" organs, including the heart, can take a break and self-repair, and the body as a whole can be cleansed a little.
It is important to set the right psychological attitude: unloading nutrition leads to recovery, and, therefore, to good health and an optimistic mood!
There are several classic options: kefir / cottage cheese, kefir / apples, apples / apple juice, rice / compotes.
1st reception:
a) 6-8 tbsp. l. cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal) or 100-150 gr. cottage cheese (cheesecakes, casseroles);
b) 100 ml of milk or 1 slice of bread with butter and a glass of weak tea (you can use milk).
2nd reception:
1 juicy apple / pear (can be baked) or 1 banana (can be baked) or 5-6 pcs. high-quality dried apricots (dim, but not completely dried out).
3rd reception:
a) vegetarian soup, it will be tastier with a spoonful of low-fat sour cream;
b) boiled meat/fish; garnish of your choice - boiled carrot (beetroot) puree, stewed cabbage (possible with sour cream), tomatoes with cucumbers, sweet peppers and herbs in a salad flavored with sunflower oil;
c) 200 ml of uzvar or the same amount of fruit juice.
4th reception:
Your choice - 1 apple/pear, 6-8 pcs. dried apricots, 200 ml rosehip broth, pumpkin juice with 1 tsp. honey.
5th reception (19:00):
At choice - a piece of boiled fish with 1-2 small potatoes, boiled in their skins, baked (potassium is preserved); 6-8 art. l. porridge + a slice of cheese; 150 gr. cottage cheese; 150 gr. casseroles carrot/apple.
6th reception (before going to bed):
200 ml of kefir, curdled milk, unsweetened yogurt.
Selection of products for fasting days
It could be:
- Kefir / cottage cheese. Liter of kefir, 400 gr. low-fat cottage cheese.
- Apples. 1.5 kg of whole, pureed, baked or stewed apples eat with peel. It is better to choose home-made products, imported ones are coated with wax for safety. The unloading diet can be supplemented with 1 glass of light coffee (possible with milk) or apple juice.
- Cottage cheese / apples. Cottage cheese - 300 gr.; apples - 0.5 kg; milk (kefir) - 400 ml; potatoes - 200 gr.
- Rice / compote. 8 art. l. boiled unseasoned rice divided into 2 doses. Compote without sugar - 6 times a day, 200 ml.
During the period of natural (non-greenhouse) fruiting, cardiopatients need to saturate their diet with green vegetables, fruits, and berries as much as possible.
Products are preferable to local ones, on which more than one generation has grown up and to which the body is tuned. They are necessary as a source of vitamins, trace elements, antioxidants, which have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, immunity and overall quality of life.
The human heart works in a certain rhythm: it pumps a certain amount of blood through the vessels in a given period of time in order to supply all organs and systems with it. Sometimes the heart muscle cannot cope with the load, and this is due to myocardial injury, a decrease in the frequency of contractions, an increase in pressure or amount of blood. This condition is called heart failure.
In addition to taking the prescribed medications, the patient needs to take care of normalizing his own lifestyle, eliminating stress, minimizing physical exertion and maximizing the health of the body. An equally important point is the revision of the diet. After all, food serves as energy for our body, the intensity of the work of the heart depends on its quantity and quality. Together with external negative factors, “wrong” food can aggravate the situation by accelerating the wear of the most important organ.
What is heart failure
Restrictions in the work of the heart weaken it, as a result of which the blood cannot circulate fully. When left ventricular failure is diagnosed, lung function stagnates and cardiac asthma attacks occur. Insufficiency of the right ventricle leads to stagnation of blood in the liver, accumulation of fluid in the cavities, swelling of the lower back and lower extremities.
Inadequate blood flow is fraught with a lack of oxygen for internal organs and tissues. Oxygen starvation leads to the development of acidosis and the accumulation of unprocessed metabolic products - lactic acid. Increased metabolism and downed protein metabolism provoke depletion of the body. Edema indicates a violation of the water-salt balance.
The main task of the diet used in heart failure is to stimulate the work of the myocardium and eliminate swelling. This diagnosis is accompanied by sodium stasis, which means limiting salt intake during diet therapy. In addition, the patient is forbidden to drink a lot of liquid: the allowable limit is 1–1.2 liters per day.
Nutrition in heart failure should compensate for the lack of potassium, which removes excess fluid, and helps to stimulate the rhythmic work of the heart. Magnesium is also very important in the diet, as it activates enzymes, speeds up metabolism, and regulates acidity. Violation of the functioning of the myocardium often leads to a violation of calcium metabolism. The reduced content of this microelement causes convulsions, besides, normal blood clotting is impossible without it.
Basic principles of nutrition
The rules accompanying the main therapy are strict. To achieve a positive result, especially in old age, it is necessary to adhere to the following dietary principles:
![](https://i0.wp.com/1cardiolog.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Mikroelementy-300x173.jpg)
- berries;
- apples;
- pears;
- spinach;
- fresh greens;
- cucumbers;
- beets;
- tomatoes;
- dairy and dairy products.
- Basic diet. The following products are helpful:
- cereals from different types of cereals;
- lean beef;
- turkey;
- chicken;
- lean fish;
- first courses (preferably vegetarian or dairy);
- baked or boiled potatoes;
- stewed zucchini;
- carrot;
- cabbage.
Heart diseases are accompanied by a lack of minerals and some vitamins, and a special diet is designed to fill in all the missing gaps, thus normalizing the blood circulation process.
The basics of a diet for heart failure for every day
In diseases of the cardiovascular system, much attention is paid to proper and balanced nutrition. That is why doctors recommend a certain menu option, which is selected taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient's body and the stage of development of his disease.
The most popular and effective diets for heart failure are nutrition according to Pevsner and Carrel.
Healthy foods
In chronic or acute violation of the functioning of the heart, insufficient blood supply to human tissues and organs occurs.
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- Give you an ACCURATE DIAGNOSIS only DOCTOR!
- We kindly ask you DO NOT self-medicate, but book an appointment with a specialist!
- Health to you and your loved ones!
The heart muscle cannot continue to work to its fullest, losing its elasticity, which leads to the retention of excess fluid and the appearance of swelling. This phenomenon is called heart failure. The disease occurs quite often in people over the age of 30 years.
In order to restore the metabolic balance, disturbed due to malnutrition and poor blood supply, with this disease, the patient is prescribed a special diet rich in healthy foods.
With the activation of the functioning of the kidneys and an increase in diuresis, a decrease in swelling occurs.
This is facilitated by the observance of certain nutritional rules characteristic of heart disease, as well as following a diet enriched with microelements, minerals and vitamins.
Below is a list of foods that are good for the heart muscle:
- eggplant;
- beet;
- cucumbers;
- zucchini;
- tomatoes;
- pumpkin;
- lettuce leaves;
- cauliflower;
- potato.
At the same time, it is not recommended to include radishes and radishes in the menu, which cause gas formation in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as pickles, pickled and pickled vegetables. White cabbage should be limited in use.
- fermented baked milk;
- kefir;
- cottage cheese;
- curdled milk;
- sour cream;
- mild and unsalted varieties of cheese (for example, Adyghe);
- acidophilus.
Sauces, puddings, casseroles, baked but not fried cheesecakes, etc. can be prepared from these products. However, the use of spicy or heavily salted cheeses is strictly prohibited.
- strong chicken and meat broths;
- barbecue;
- spicy and highly salted dishes;
- fat.
You should also reduce the amount of animal fats and by-products consumed such as kidneys, liver, brains.
- cereals from oatmeal, rice, semolina and buckwheat, cooked in water or milk;
- pasta and vermicelli from durum wheat.
Butter can be added to cereals only in a small amount, legumes (beans, peas) should also be limited, as they cause flatulence.
- It is forbidden for heart failure to eat dried, smoked, salted fish and its caviar, as well as strong fish broths.
- At the same time, low-fat varieties are allowed (perch, navaga, cod, etc.), in the ear or baked in foil without oil.
What flour products should be avoided:
- vegetable, berry and fruit juices;
- jelly;
- compotes;
- chicory drinks instead of coffee;
- natural tomato juice (without seasonings and salt);
- weak tea and coffee with milk.
- vegetarian dishes;
- vegetable and cereal porridges and soups;
- milk broths.
It is not recommended to consume more than 3 eggs per week, prepared in the form of meringue or steam omelet (fried eggs are strictly prohibited). Mushroom soups should also not be included in the diet, as mushrooms are difficult to digest and may contain toxins.
Soups prepared for a patient with heart failure should be boiled in a secondary, safer and lighter broth or vegetable broth.
You can see a photo of swelling of the legs with heart failure at the link.
Diet principles for heart failure for every day
For the effectiveness of the diet prescribed for heart disease, it is necessary to adhere to some principles that are considered the rules of healthy nutrition:
- This is the most basic rule, the observance of which is necessary for the normalization of the work of the heart muscle. Salt collects water, overfilling the vessels with excess fluid and, for this reason, forming swelling, which complicates the normal functioning of the heart.
- When calculating the amount of salt consumed per day, it is important to take into account its content in all products included in the menu (for example, in bread, sausages, juices, etc.).
- The norm of seasoning for people with heart disease is no more than 6 grams per day. In addition, it is recommended to use salt, which is low in sodium.
- With exacerbation of heart problems, salt intake is either limited or completely removed from the diet until improvement occurs.
- A diet aimed at improving the functioning of the cardiac system should be fractional, so meals are divided into 5-6 parts minimally, and the portions consumed are small.
- This is necessary to facilitate the work of the gastrointestinal tract and reduce pressure on the diaphragm.
It is not recommended to drink too little, the normal amount of fluid per day is 1.2 liters. With insufficient water intake, constipation may occur, as the process of removing nitrogenous compounds from the body is complicated.
The patient's diet should include:
- compotes;
- jelly;
- juices;
- water without gas;
- mineral water in a limited amount up to 2 glasses per day (due to the content of salts in it).
- citrus;
- wild rose;
- croup;
- berries;
- sunflower seeds;
- foods rich in potassium and magnesium (nuts, peaches, dried apricots, cabbage, bananas);
- potatoes;
- prunes;
- etc.
- apples
- pears;
- greens;
- pumpkins;
- zucchini;
- potatoes;
- beets;
- leaf lettuce;
- cucumbers;
- cauliflower;
- dairy products.
Meals according to Carrel
The diet is used not only to restore blood circulation, but also to get rid of extra pounds.
Nutrition according to Carrel has characteristic features:
- diuretic effect;
- the use of non-hot boiled milk;
- the exception of salt;
- high calcium content;
- fractional meals.
Among the prohibited foods on this diet:
- sweets;
- sweet products;
- spices or spices;
- fish;
- meat;
- any smoked, canned or pickled foods.
A similar menu and bans on certain products are due to the fact that the diet is most often prescribed for people who have a severe form of a disease of the cardiovascular system (for example, with heart disease).
When following the indicated nutrition, edema is removed and dropsy of the abdominal and chest cavities is reduced.
The essence of dietary nutrition is the daily consumption of fresh milk (from 3 to 5 glasses) and the gradual introduction of solid foods into the diet. An approximate menu for a day looks like this: ½ cup of milk every two hours from morning to evening (no more than 1 liter of liquid is required for 8 or 10 doses).
By the third week of the diet, the following products should already be introduced to the menu in a small amount:
- curdled milk;
- bread;
- potato;
- eggs;
- vegetables;
- unleavened meat (with the permission of a doctor).
If the disease is complicated by atherosclerosis, the diet should be reduced by 1/3 of the total diet, and foods containing vitamin D or cholesterol (for example, yolks, fatty meats and fish, sour cream, cream, butter, offal) should be removed.
The calorie content of the diet for every day with heart failure according to Carrel cannot be more than 2,700 kilocalories.
sample menu
With further treatment, the patient is gradually transferred to another type of food - table No. 10 or table No. 10a according to Pevzner, characterized by a decrease in the fluid taken per day and the absence of salt in food.
The main conditions during the preparation of products are:
- calorie content per day is not more than 2,000–2,500 kilocalories;
- food should be light and well digestible;
- with food, vitamins, trace elements and minerals must be supplied to the body in sufficient quantities;
- processing of dishes should be gentle (baking, boiling, steaming);
- the amount of liquid cannot be more than 1.5 liters daily;
- bread products are allowed up to 250 grams, and granulated sugar - up to 30 grams every day.
Table number 10
Diet number 10 is prescribed for the following health problems:
- heart failure;
- obesity;
- complications of the disease in the form of limitation of physical activity;
- angina;
- heart disease;
- myocarditis of an allergic or infectious nature;
- during the recovery period after a heart attack.
A sample menu for the day is as follows:
- porridge with milk from semolina, rice or buckwheat (at the rate of 50 grams of cereal per cup of milk and a pinch of granulated sugar);
- a teaspoon of oil;
- steamed omelet, 80 grams of cottage cheese with 25 grams of sour cream or a soft-boiled egg;
- a cup of weak tea with one of three additives - milk, jam or an apple.
- 100 grams of grated turnips or carrots with the addition of a spoonful of sour cream;
- in addition, a fresh apple (up to 100 grams), a little apple-carrot marmalade or soaked dried apricots (up to 30 grams) is allowed.
- 100 grams of boiled or oven-baked meat with mixed vegetables or onions;
- ½ serving of vegetarian soup - borscht, rice with lemon wedge, barley with sour cream and potatoes, or fruit with breadcrumbs;
- to choose from a fresh apple or puree from it, jelly in milk (7 grams of potato starch and 10 grams of granulated sugar are required per glass) or 50 grams of soaked prunes.
- 50 grams of a juicy apple or any fruit soaked in water;
- a cup of rosehip infusion (sugar may be added).
- 80 grams of curd mass with 50 ml of sour cream or milk;
- ½ cup of milk with added sugar or tea half with milk;
- choice of steamed cutlets of potatoes and prunes, carrot cutlets with breadcrumbs and fruits (20 grams of semolina, a pinch of sugar and crackers, ½ cup of milk, 200 grams of carrots, a little oil and 30 grams of dried fruits), boiled vermicelli with butter or apples and beets stewed in sour cream.
Table No. 10a
A feature of this diet is to reduce the amount of liquid to one liter, consume up to 30 grams of granulated sugar and 150 grams of white bread per day. All products are crushed and prepared without salt and oil.
A sample diet menu for every day with heart failure is as follows:
- porridge made from rice, semolina, buckwheat or millet, cooked in milk with the addition of raisins (50 grams of cereal requires a cup of milk and a pinch of granulated sugar);
- to a tablespoon of butter.
- a choice of one grated apple with a pinch of sugar, rosehip infusion or fresh carrot juice;
- 60 grams of curd mass with 20 grams of sour cream, steamed omelette or one soft-boiled egg.
- puree to choose from vegetables, potato, pumpkin or carrot (portion up to 100 grams);
- steam meat - meatballs, sliced \u200b\u200bor cutlet with the addition of daily bread;
- a choice of jelly with milk, apple, cranberry or currant puree.
- grated with a spoonful of sugar 75 grams of cottage cheese, dumplings with sour cream or a soft-boiled egg;
- choice of carrot or potato cutlets with dried apricots, prunes from semolina or soufflé with green peas.
A therapeutic diet in the presence of a person with heart failure can only be prescribed by a doctor after a thorough examination and taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient's body.
Read also why cardiopulmonary failure occurs and how to recognize it early.
A description of the causes and symptoms of right ventricular heart failure can be found here.
Nutrition for heart failure: menu, fasting days.
One of the most common pathologies is heart failure. A powerful weapon against heart failure is proper nutrition.
Warning! In severe heart failure, be sure to coordinate the diet with your doctor.
Nutrition for heart failure:
Nutrition for heart failure requires compliance with the following rules:
1. Power mode. In heart failure, the diet should be fractional - 5-6 times a day, in small portions. A large amount of food in one meal puts an additional burden on the cardiovascular system.
2. alkaline products. Since the acid-base balance is disturbed with a shift to the acid side in heart failure, more alkaline foods should be included in the diet. These are milk and dairy products, beets, cucumbers, tomatoes, lettuce, spinach, herbs, pears, apples, berries.
3. Products for heart failure. Eat cereals from various cereals, lean meat: beef, veal, chicken, turkey, lean fish. For side dishes: potatoes, cabbage, carrots, zucchini. Cook vegetarian soups: vegetable, dairy.
4. Salt. The diet for heart failure should be less salt. Due to a violation of water-salt metabolism in heart failure, fluid is retained in the body, which leads to edema and complicates the work of the heart. It is recommended to consume no more than 5-6 g of salt per day, and in some cases completely abandon it.
5. Liquids. Drink with heart failure no more than 1-1.2 liters of fluid per day, this includes soups, compotes and other drinks. Coffee - not strong with milk, juices half diluted with water, mineral water no more than 1-2 glasses.
6. Potassium and magnesium. Include more potassium and magnesium in the diet for heart failure. Potassium has a diuretic property - removes excess fluid from the body. Potassium deficiency causes cardiac arrhythmias. Magnesium is essential for the normal functioning of blood vessels.
A lot of potassium contains: dried apricots, prunes, nuts, wheat bran, beets, potatoes, cabbage (white, cauliflower, red), rose hips, oranges and grapefruit, buckwheat, oatmeal, rice, red and black currants, raspberries, cranberries, gooseberries, cloudberry.
There is a lot of magnesium in cereals, bread, walnuts, hazelnuts, sunflower seeds, watermelons, sea kale.
7. Sweets. Limit sugar in your diet for heart failure. It can cause swelling, which complicates the work of the heart. For a day it is recommended to eat 6 teaspoons of sugar, or honey, or jam, or 4-5 sweets. Everything needs to be taken into account: cake, cookies, sweet buns, ice cream, etc.
8. Fats. Give up fatty foods. Cook meals with vegetable oil. Butter - no more than 1 teaspoon per day. Unsalted cheese - 1 slice per day.
9. Eliminate chocolate, rich broths, fried, smoked meat, spices, spicy dishes.
10. Bread. If overweight - white or black bread no more than 2-3 pieces per day.
EXAMPLE MENU FOR THE DAY:
Breakfast. Buckwheat or oatmeal porridge - 6-8 tablespoons (instead of porridge, you can use cottage cheese, pudding or cheesecakes - 100-150g), half a glass of milk. If desired, you can sandwich with butter, a glass of not strong tea with milk.
Lunch. Fresh or baked apple (or pear, or 5-6 pieces of dried apricots, or 1 banana).
Dinner. The soup is vegetarian. On the second: boiled meat (or fish, or chicken, or turkey). Garnish: carrot or beetroot puree, or stewed cabbage, or tomato salad with cucumbers and sunflower oil. 1 glass of dried fruit compote or fruit drink.
afternoon tea . Apple or pear, or 6-8 pieces of dried apricots, or 1 glass of rosehip broth.
Dinner no later than 19 hours. Boiled fish with boiled potatoes - 1-2 pieces, or a slice of cheese with porridge, or cottage cheese, or carrot-apple casserole.
Before bedtime. 1 glass of kefir or curdled milk.
Nutrition in heart failure.
LOADING DAYS:
For those suffering from heart failure, experts have developed several options for fasting days: kefir-curd, apple, rice-compote, curd-apple.
Kefir-curd unloading day:
For a day you need 1 liter of kefir and 250-400 g of cottage cheese.
Apple unloading day:
* During the day, eat 1.5 kg of apples and 1 glass of coffee with milk in the morning, or half a glass in the morning and evening.
* Every 3 hours, eat 300g of apples mashed with peel (but without seeds) - only 1.5kg per day.
* For a day you need apples - 1.5 kg and freshly squeezed apple juice - 4-5 glasses.
Rice and compote unloading day:
For the day: 6 glasses of non-sweet compote, and 2 times a day a little rice boiled in water.
Cottage cheese-apple unloading day:
For the whole day 300 g of cottage cheese, 500 g of apples, 400 ml of milk or kefir. If you have a normal weight, then add 200-300g of potatoes. All products should be divided into 5-6 doses during the day.
Recommended diet for heart failure
In view of the fact that a large number of people are susceptible to heart disease, a logical question arises about what to eat with heart failure so as not to harm health. This problem affects not only the older generation, but also quite young people after 30 years.
Is a diet necessary for heart failure, or can you eat whatever you want?
Many people are now overweight due to poor nutrition. Constant snacking, large amounts of food consumed, an inactive lifestyle over time lead to serious diseases. The appearance of excess weight is accompanied by the formation of various diseases.
The diagnosis of heart failure is made to those who have malfunctions in the work of the heart muscle, fluid retention in the body, and the occurrence of edema. Inadequate functioning of the main organ contributes to the disruption of metabolic processes. In order not to worsen the condition of the heart muscle, it is necessary to abandon certain foods. Having established the diagnosis, doctors recommend choosing the right nutrition for heart failure, that is, following the strictest diet that will allow the heart to restore functionality.
Features of the diet
The diet for heart failure includes foods that contain the necessary amount of vitamins and minerals to help cope with the disease.
- It is necessary to eat foods with a high content of alkali, because with heart disease, an imbalance of acid and alkali occurs in the body towards the predominance of the first. It is important to regularly consume milk and sour-milk foods; low-fat cottage cheese, kefir, yogurt, yogurt are included in the diet. The best option is to use homemade products, not store-bought ones.
- The diet needs to be replenished with fresh plant foods, you can make salads or smoothies from vegetables, fruits and berries. If a salad is prepared, then it is undesirable to season it with oil or mayonnaise. If there is a tendency to increased gas formation, then almost all vegetables need to be cooked before use.
- It is worth including cereals in the diet. An important role in restoring the work of the heart is played by fiber, which is abundant in cereals. Lentils are considered the most useful in the treatment of heart failure; you can cook a main course or side dish for meat and fish from it.
- The choice of meat must be approached responsibly, it is better to give preference to lean veal, beef, turkey or chicken. The fish should be lean, it is better to buy river or lake. A side dish for meat or fish dishes can be prepared from potatoes, cabbage or zucchini.
- In the daily diet must be present food containing magnesium. It is useful to eat nuts, dried apricots or prunes daily in small quantities. Grapefruits and oranges, watermelons and melons, black currants will help to eliminate the signs of a serious illness. Cranberries, cloudberries and gooseberries are useful for heart diseases.
Beverages
In heart failure, you need to drink no more than 1 liter of fluid per day. It is required to take into account all the liquid that is contained in the consumed dishes. It is not worth greatly reducing its volume, the minimum amount of liquid will not be able to completely remove nitrogenous compounds from the body. From drinks it is better to use natural juices, fruit drinks and compotes. Moreover, it is better to dilute the juice with water in equal proportions. It is not forbidden to drink weak tea and coffee, it is better to take them with milk. You can also drink mineral water, up to 2 glasses a day.
The best drink to restore the work of the heart is considered a decoction of hawthorn fruits and leaves.. Its main purpose is the expansion of blood vessels, contributing to the improvement of blood circulation. Regular use of the decoction stabilizes the frequency of contractions of the heart muscle, activates the excretory system. As a result of the effect of hawthorn decoction on the body, breathing is facilitated. This drink is also recommended for asthmatics.
Prohibited Products
In view of the fact that excess weight provokes heart failure, you should stop eating foods containing a large amount of cholesterol and purines. It is forbidden in case of heart disease or the use of the following products should be limited to a minimum:
- Salt contributes to the stagnation of fluid in the body, overflow of blood vessels, and difficulty in the functioning of the heart. No more than 6 g of salt should be consumed per day. It is necessary to take into account its content even in finished products, such as bread and sausage. It is better to salt dishes before eating. In diseases, it is better to use salt with a small sodium content. Spices will help improve the taste of the dish.
- Animal fats in cooking can be replaced with vegetable fats. The consumption of butter and cheese should be reduced to a small slice per day. You can not use fatty sauces, instead of them you can use 15% sour cream.
- To prevent obesity, it is recommended to completely exclude chocolate and confectionery. They should be replaced with honey, dried fruits, jam or jam. Up to 3 sweets per day are allowed.
- It is worth refusing to eat spicy and smoked foods, rich fatty broths and hot spices to prevent excess weight. It is strictly forbidden to take alcohol and carbonated water.
Diet
Those who are assigned a special diet for heart failure must strictly observe the diet. The most correct and useful in this case will be fractional nutrition, which involves more frequent use of foods in small quantities. Volumetric portions are not recommended for use due to too much stress on the heart.
It is best to divide the daily meal into 5-6 times.
Moreover, the last dose should be taken 2-3 hours before bedtime. In extreme cases, you can drink a glass of curdled milk later.
For those diagnosed with heart failure, it is recommended to do fasting days:
- Kefir-curd fasting day involves the use of 1 liter of kefir and 0.4 kg of cottage cheese per day.
- There are several options for the apple diet, which involves eating 1.5 kg of apples during the day, as well as 1 glass of coffee with milk or 4 glasses of apple juice.
- Rice and compote fasting day is in demand among many people with heart disease. During the day, you need to consume 6 glasses of unsweetened compote and eat a small portion of boiled rice 2 times.
- The curd-apple diet is considered by many to be more delicious. It is supposed to consume 0.3 kg of cottage cheese, 0.5 kg of apples, 0.4 l of milk or kefir per day, divided into 6 doses. If the weight is normal, then you can add about 0.3 kg of potatoes.
The diet must be agreed with the doctor: he will explain which foods will be of great benefit, and which will be contraindicated in the treatment of a particular disease. Rehabilitation of the heart muscle with the help of a diet will be more effective if you combine proper nutrition with certain physical activity. In this case, it is recommended to walk more in the fresh air to improve blood circulation.