Where to study to become a surveyor? The profession of “surveyor” in modern Russia. Training of surveyors
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Surveyor- a specialist in drawing up maps of the area, carrying out calculations necessary to describe the terrain.
Features of the profession
Geodesy is related to astronomy, geophysics, astronautics, cartography, etc., and is widely used in the design and construction of structures, shipping canals, and roads.
The main task of geodesy is to create a coordinate system and construct geodetic reference networks that make it possible to determine the position of points on the earth's surface.
Geodesy is divided into higher geodesy, topography and applied branches of geodesy. Geodetic work is usually carried out by government agencies. International geodetic research is organized and directed by the International Association of Geodesy, acting on the initiative and within the framework of the International Geodetic and Geophysical Union.
With the help of geodesy, designs of buildings and structures are transferred from paper to nature with millimeter precision, volumes of materials are calculated, and compliance with the geometric parameters of structures is monitored. The position of a point on the earth's surface is determined using three coordinates: latitude, longitude and altitude (for example, mean sea level).
Geodetic data is used in cartography, navigation, etc. Geodetic measurements are used in seismology and the study of plate tectonics, while gravity surveying is traditionally used by geologists in the search for oil and other minerals.
Three levels of geodetic work:
The first level is planned surveying on the ground, i.e. determination of the position of points on the earth’s surface relative to local reference points for the compilation of topographic maps necessary for construction and compilation of the land cadastre.
The second level is filming nationwide. In this case, the area and shape of the surface are determined in relation to the global reference network, taking into account the curvature of the earth's surface.
The third level is global. This is the highest geodesy, which studies the figure of the planet Earth, its gravitational field, determines points on the earth's surface, used as landmarks for constructing a geodetic network, a reference for all other types of geodetic work.
Main directions of geodesy:
- Higher geodesy - studies the size of the Earth, its gravitational field, carries out work to transfer the coordinate systems accepted in the world to the territory of a particular state. This area also includes work on the study of movements of the earth's crust - modern and those that occurred many millions of years ago.
- Engineering geodesy is an applied geodetic direction. Engineering and geodetic work is associated with the development of methods for conducting geodetic measurements carried out during the operation of various engineering structures, their design and construction. It is engineering geodesy, as a tool in the hands of competent specialists, that allows one to verify the degree of deformation of structures and ensure the construction of structures in strict accordance with the design.
- Topography is a scientific discipline in which geodesy and cartography intersect. Topography includes geodetic work related to measuring the geometric characteristics of objects on the Earth's surface.
- Space geodesy has been developing since the moment the first artificial satellite was launched from Earth. This area of science is the prerogative of the state; measurements in space geodesy are made not only from the territory of our planet, but also from satellites.
- Surveying direction of geodesy - is responsible for geodetic work and measurements in the bowels of the earth. Specialists in this industry are needed for any underground exploration: construction of tunnels, laying subways, conducting geological exploration expeditions.
Engineering geodesy has become very widely used. Geodetic work in construction is a mandatory and most important part of the process of design and construction of structures.
Geodetic work during land management is also in demand. They are carried out when preparing any land management projects, changing and clarifying the boundaries of land plots, planning land in agriculture and many other cases.
Geodesy is used in mining to calculate blasting operations and rock volumes, etc.
The work of a surveyor consists of two stages:
- Special measurements using geodetic instruments.
- Processing results using mathematical and graphical methods and drawing up maps (plans).
To survey the area, the surveyor uses levels, theodolites, rangefinders, compasses, etc. Recently, special laser scanners have begun to be used to scan the area. These devices allow you to record absolutely all terrain features and quickly obtain three-dimensional visualization of even hard-to-reach objects (bridges, overpasses, elements of overhead communications).
Workplace
Topographers and land surveyors can work in the Bureau of Technical Inventory (BTI), agricultural, rural administrations and other organizations that need surveys and measurements in a specific area.
Geodesic engineers and topographers work in companies engaged in the construction and installation of communications, oil and gas pipelines, water utilities, and subway lines.
Salary
Salary as of November 21, 2019
Russia 30000—120000 ₽
Moscow 60000—100000 ₽
Important qualities
Technical mind, mathematical abilities, attentiveness. In addition, hardening and good physical preparation are very important, because... A surveyor spends a lot of time in the field.
Knowledge and skills
It is necessary to know the basics of cartography and geodesy, various methods of surveying terrain, mathematics, drawing, methods of using engineering geodetic and photogrammetric instruments.
Surveyor training
Interregional Academy of Construction and Industrial Complex (MASPK) organizes professional retraining courses in the specialty. Certified surveyors can also take advanced training courses at MASPC. The advantage of the Academy's educational programs is the ability to study remotely, which increases the accessibility of courses for the widest audience of students.
Where does the construction of any modern city, town, district or large building begin? That's right, with a careful study of the topography of the area and all the relief features of the nearby surroundings. And this is done by a surveyor - a person whose professionalism largely determines the safety and stability of any apartment building or industrial facility, the convenience of the location of the surrounding streets and the accurate display of all structures on the map.
Where does the construction of any modern city, town, district or large building begin? That's right, with a careful study of the topography of the area and all the relief features of the nearby surroundings. And he's doing this surveyor- a person on whose professionalism the safety and stability of any apartment building or industrial facility, the convenience of the location of the surrounding streets and the accurate display of all structures on the map largely depend.
And in general, a surveyor is a multifaceted profession, without which not a single area of our life can do, one way or another connected with the study of the surface of planet Earth. However, despite the obvious importance and significance of the work of a surveyor, this profession is not considered popular among applicants. Why? Most likely due to the fact that the work of a surveyor has certain features that not every person can accept and understand. What are these features? But you will learn about this from our article, which, as you already understand, is dedicated to surveyors.
Who is a surveyor?
A surveyor is a specialist who determines and records the coordinates and heights of points on the earth’s surface. The data obtained can be used to create topographic plans or GPS maps, as well as to search for minerals, monitor changes in the earth’s crust, etc.
The name of the profession comes from the Greek γεωδαισία (division of the earth), and the historical roots of its origin date back to the period of ancient Babylon. It was during the excavations of this city that the first analogues of modern geodetic journals were discovered, which date back to the 7th century BC. Babylonian scientists recorded their calculations on clay tablets, which, apparently, were widely used for land measurements and drawing up maps of areas.
Modern surveyors are not limited to just studying the surface topography. Today there are several directions surveyor profession, each of which performs narrowly focused tasks:
- higher geodesy - studies the size of our planet, its gravitational field and the movement of the earth's crust (both modern and those that occurred in ancient times);
- engineering geodesy - develops methods for conducting geodetic measurements that make it possible to verify the degree of deformation of structures and ensure the construction of structures in strict accordance with the approved project;
- topography - specializes in measuring the geometric characteristics of various objects on the surface;
- space geodesy - includes geodetic measurements that are carried out both on the surface of the Earth and from satellites;
- surveying - specialists in this area are responsible for geodetic measurements in the bowels of the earth.
The job responsibilities of a surveyor depend on the area of the profession. However, there are several main responsibilities that are present in each direction. This is direct work on the ground (calculating coordinates), processing the results obtained, analyzing data and drawing up topographic maps and plans.
What personal qualities should a surveyor have?
The work of a surveyor can be compared to the work of a sapper: both one and the other and have no room for error. Therefore, representatives of this profession must have such personal qualities as:
- accuracy;
- scrupulousness;
- pedantry;
- organization;
- diligence;
- discipline;
- attention to detail;
- ability to quickly navigate;
- emotional balance;
- Analytical mind;
- associative thinking.
In addition, the surveyor must be physically resilient, have acute vision and good color perception, have excellent coordination of movements, a “steady” hand and a developed attention span (that is, the ability to simultaneously perceive several objects at once). A good “help” in the work of a surveyor can be a penchant for research and the ability to “keep in mind” large volumes of the most diverse information for a long time.
Advantages of being a surveyor
Despite the fact that hundreds of geodesist specialists graduate from educational institutions every year, the demand for this profession in the labor market is very acute. Therefore, those guys who choose this profession intelligently and “at the behest of their heart” can easily get a job. In addition to being in demand, work qualified surveyor has such advantages as:
- high level of earnings - the average salary of a surveyor in Russia is 40-50 thousand rubles;
- a wide choice of places of work - today surveyors can work both in government agencies (BTI, city and rural administrations, research institutes, etc.) and in private structures (construction organizations, oil producing corporations, etc.);
- extensive “baggage of knowledge” - during the training process, a surveyor studies the theory and practice of not only geodetic, but astronomical and gravimetric work, and also acquires the skills of topographic reading, mathematical cartography, drawing, various methods of surveying terrain, etc.
Disadvantages of the surveyor profession
Since the work of any surveyor is inextricably linked with personal study of the area, the main disadvantage of this profession can be called working in the open air (and not always under favorable weather conditions). This leads to another drawback - field working conditions (that is, a toilet under the nearest bush, a dry lunch, and the like). Also among the disadvantages of this profession can be identified.
DetailsThe desire to connect your life with the geodetic industry is understandable and justified. But where can I learn to become a surveyor? Where are modern surveyors taught and what?
Until 1930, the main educational institution where one could study to become a surveyor was the Land Survey Institute. After 1930 it was divided into two higher educational institutions.
And in 1936, the MGI was reorganized into MIIGAiK, and in fact it became a leading educational institution where they teach to become a surveyor.
The scope of application of geodesy is now so wide that the study of geodesy has become the science of studying and measuring surfaces on the earth and the entire Earth as a planet. Geodesy is closely related to such sciences as astronomy, geophysics, astronautics, etc. Knowledge of geodesy is used in the design and construction of various structures. That's why there are so many places where they teach to become a surveyor. Without this profession there is no confidence in the construction of a single building.
Where can I study to become a surveyor?
Geodesy is closely related to such fields as astronomy, geophysics, astronautics, cartography, and computer science. More than one major construction of buildings, roads, railways, and shipping canals cannot be completed without geodesy specialists. When carrying out underground mine work, work when laying the subway, underground canals, a surveyor - a surveyor - also appears in the foreground. When dividing land and plotting it on a cartographic plan, a surveyor also works.
Actually, choosing where to study to become a surveyor is now easy - you can study geodesy in many educational institutions - universities, institutes, colleges. To choose an educational institution, you need to understand and decide for yourself what geodesy tasks the future specialist will deal with. The scope of geodesy is very wide.
Main directions of geodesy:
- If you want to study to become a geodesist to study the dimensions of the Earth, to recalculate coordinates accepted throughout the world to the state coordinate system, as well as to study the movement of the Earth’s crust, then there is a separate branch for this - Higher Geodesy.
- If you go to study to become a surveyor to study methods of control and construction methods of various kinds of buildings and structures during their construction and operation, then this is the applied direction - Engineering Geodesy. It is the specialists of engineering geodesy who constantly monitor and study the shifts and deformations of such extended objects as electron particle accelerators. Constant monitoring and monitoring of deformations of such large linear objects as hydroelectric dams is also carried out.
- You can go to study to become a surveyor and a separate scientific discipline - Topography - which uses research and knowledge in such fields as geodesy and cartography. Topography deals with the study of the geometric parameters of various objects on the earth's surface. For example, such as mountains and seas.
- A new branch of science such as geodesy, which appeared relatively recently, is Space Geodesy.
- Mine surveying geodesy deals with underground measurements. Aimed at monitoring the displacement of underground objects, for breakdown and control during the construction of such extended underground structures as tunnels and subways.
Where to study to become a surveyor today?
Today this specialty is taught in colleges, technical schools and universities. The choice of educational institution will depend on your goals and previous education.
For secondary vocational education, colleges and technical schools provide training in areas such as applied geodesy, cartography and aerial photography. Based on the ninth grade, the duration of study is two years for the basic level and three years for the advanced level. After 11th grade, students study for three and four years, respectively.
On the basis of secondary education, it is already possible to obtain a specialty at a university. The main specialties studied at the university are geodesy, applied geodesy, and astronomical geodesy. Universities also teach the specialties of survey engineer, cartographer, and geologist.
If you want to connect your life with this profession, you can go to study to become a surveyor in Moscow:
- Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography.
- State University of Land Management.
- Moscow State University.
St. Petersburg:
- St. Petersburg State Agrarian University.
- St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.
- National Mineral Resources University "Mining".
- St. Petersburg State University.
Of course, the list of educational institutions where you can study to become a surveyor is far from complete. There are universities offering training in this specialty in almost every region of the country. And, of course, from this large list of educational institutions you can decide where to study to become a surveyor.
DetailsIn order to answer the question of how a surveyor works, you need to understand the entire scope of this profession.
The area of tasks dealt with by the science of Higher Geodesy covers a wide range of tasks. They make it possible to solve such issues as measuring the geometric parameters of the Earth and observing movements of the earth's crust. This is a large and important part of the tasks where the surveyor works, decides to comply with the coordinate grid of the entire Earth and the state coordinate network.
Supervision and control is carried out by the state geodetic service. Much of a surveyor's work involves ground measurements. For this purpose, a network of triangulation towers has been created and constantly updated throughout the country, where a surveyor works. Each tower is equipped with a special metal sign, which is immersed to great depths in the ground. Coordinates are given for each sign. With the help of such towers, angles and distances between them are measured using high-precision theodolites, light range finders or radio range finders. After receiving the measurement data, the coordinates are calculated. If a difference is detected in the results of such periodic measurements, then an analysis is made about the displacements of the earth's crust.
Where do survey engineers work?
Engineering geodesy specialists solve a lot of problems. You must understand that literally all objects under construction in Russia are under the vigilant supervision and control of surveyors. Even at the initial stage of construction - design, a set of measures is carried out for geodetic surveying of the relief, maps and topoplans of the area are drawn up. To accomplish such a task, the main place where a surveyor works is in the field. Modern geodetic instruments are used in the work. The use of electronic total stations has become widespread in recent years. They allow you to automate as much as possible the process of measuring and obtaining data - coordinates and elevation. At the stage of processing the measured readings, the place where the surveyor works is working at the computer. Using special programs, data obtained as a result of field measurements is processed.
Based on these studies, problems regarding the placement of construction projects are solved.
Depending on how a surveyor works in construction, situations often arise when knowing geodesy well is not enough. It is absolutely necessary to know construction technology. Stages of construction of structural elements of a building. Types and sizes of tolerances during construction and installation of structures.
What is the job of a surveyor?
For each stage of construction, the tolerance dimensions are different, according to the conditions and requirements of the project. A necessary condition before a surveyor begins work in construction is a careful study of the work project. It is necessary to know the project requirements for the installation of structural elements. And, based on the requirements of the project, the surveyor also determines the use of the type of surveying equipment according to the accuracy class.
Only a surveyor can determine and develop the methodology and nature of work during construction. Very often, when constructing large objects and particularly precise work, the need for additional control arises. Such control is achieved by attracting additional independent surveyors to the construction site. This eliminates the possibility of errors occurring during the installation of structural elements.
It can be mentioned that the accuracy when installing large assemblies of building elements, where a surveyor works, can reach fractions of a millimeter! And in such conditions, additional control is absolutely necessary.
During the construction process, all stages of work: construction of a pit, installation of foundations of various types, floor-by-floor construction of a building, etc., are always documented in hidden work reports. The work reports are signed by a commission, which includes a surveyor. All acts of hidden work are supplemented with diagrams with as-built surveys, which should display the design and actual dimensions of the structural requirements for this stage of construction work.
When performing all stages of construction, the surveyor must be fully aware of the level of responsibility when performing the work. The strength of the structure and the entire building ultimately depends on how correctly the instrument is chosen, how correctly the geodetic instrument is calibrated, what method of monitoring the construction of structural elements is chosen.
It is impossible to imagine a single map without such specialists as topographers. Specialists in drawing up topographic plans and maps were always needed at any time. Moreover, for each specific purpose you need your own map.
Aerial photography can solve this problem. Measurement processing is carried out in rooms equipped with special photogrammetric equipment.
Calculation of the areas of seas, oceans, reservoirs, and land is carried out using maps. Maps are also used to determine the coordinates of objects on the Earth's surface. It is not at all in vain that in the work where a surveyor works, maps with the stamp “Top Secret” are used.
In order to find out how passable certain areas of the terrain are for humans or equipment, terrain maps will also come to the rescue.
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Reference
Surveyor is a very relevant and in demand profession. True, many do not know who a surveyor is and what his profession is. And the profession is multifaceted, like geodesy itself.
Geodesy ( from Greek γεωδαισ?α - division of the land) is a branch of production associated with measurements on the ground and in space. Consequently, a surveyor is a person who determines the coordinates and heights of points on the earth's surface. The geography of application of this data is extensive. The database is used to create topographic plans and maps, a much-loved GPS navigator for drivers, in construction, in searching for minerals, in preventing landslides, in observing changes in the surface of the earth's crust, etc.
Demand for the profession
Quite in demand
Representatives of the profession Surveyor are quite in demand in the labor market. Despite the fact that universities produce a large number of specialists in this field, many companies and many enterprises require qualified Surveyors.
Description of activity
A surveyor is engaged in the formation of a theoretical basis by measuring the territory and calculating the coordinates of the area; creates topographic plans and maps. The work of surveyors in the field of construction is especially labor-intensive. They are indispensable: they accompany construction work from the moment the site is allocated until the facility is put into operation.
Wage
Moscow average:average for St. Petersburg:
Uniqueness of the profession
Quite common
The majority of respondents believe that the profession Surveyor cannot be called rare, in our country it is quite common. For several years now, there has been a demand in the labor market for representatives of the profession Surveyor, despite the fact that many specialists graduate every year.
How users rated this criterion:What education is needed
Two or more (two higher education, additional vocational education, postgraduate studies, doctoral studies)
In order to work Surveyor, it is not enough to graduate from a university and receive a diploma of higher professional education. to the future To the surveyor You need to additionally obtain a diploma of postgraduate professional education, i.e. complete graduate school, doctoral studies or internship.
How users rated this criterion:Job responsibilities
The labor responsibilities of a surveyor depend on the area of work and the position held. As a rule, the responsibilities include the following: work on the ground (coordinate calculations), further processing of measurement results, analysis of the data obtained, drawing up topographic plans and maps.
Type of labor
Mainly mental work
Profession Surveyor- This is a profession predominantly of mental work, which is largely associated with the reception and processing of information. In progress Surveyor the results of his intellectual reflections are important. But, at the same time, physical labor is not excluded.
How users rated this criterion:Features of career growth
There is a job hierarchy. If certain conditions are met (additional education, work experience, personal and professional qualities, etc.), career growth is possible from a surveyor in topographic-geodetic and surveying work to the head of the geodesy department. There are also more modest positions: surveyor technician, surveyor engineer, senior surveyor, leading surveyor, department engineer.
Career Opportunities
There are enough opportunities
The vast majority of representatives of the profession Surveyor believe that they have enough opportunities for career advancement. If an ordinary specialist has such a goal, then it is quite possible for him to occupy a leadership position in this area.
How users rated this criterion: