How dangerous is uterine fibroids and the consequences if it is not treated. Prevention of uterine fibroids: what affects the development of the tumor How does fibroids affect well-being
Uterine fibroids what to do - once again a sobbing woman in line to the doctor asks her interlocutors in desperation.
Of course, fibroids are the subject of a very serious disease of the female body, but not fatal. It develops during the period when a woman can give birth, depends on the hormonal background.
Uterine fibroids what to do for a woman:
This is a benign tumor without a threat to the life of a woman, shaped like a pear. It develops in the muscular layer of the diseased uterus.
It is natural to observe its development and be treated if necessary. Fibroids grow slowly, when menopause ends, they disappear. It is a chronic disease of the muscular wall of the uterus.
We have to get acquainted with fibroids, find out how it arose, its causes, symptoms of the disease, how to treat it correctly, in what time frame.
What to do with uterine fibroids, symptoms:
Everyone who has it discovered will want to know how she will feel, what to pay attention to?
A very large percentage in our time suffer from it - up to 85%. Most of its small size does not feel anything at all. Usually, outward-growing nodes, even large ones, develop without any symptoms.
The most dangerous internal nodes (in the wall of the uterus or its cavity).
As she grows:
- She can put pressure on the organs located in the neighborhood - it will seem to a woman that she is pregnant.
- Growing fibroids can compress blood vessels, then there is pain in the lower abdomen, a rise in body temperature.
- The contractile function of the uterus is disturbed - heavy periods begin. This is perhaps the very first symptom in women. Often prolonged, irregular, with vaginal leucorrhea. Symptoms of anemia with blood loss during menstruation are very pronounced (dizziness, weakness).
- When squeezing the fallopian tubes, there is a high risk of remaining infertile.
- During pregnancy, the threat of miscarriage, miscarriage due to compression by the tumor may increase.
- You can feel a knot in the lower abdomen that looks like a foreign body. The abdomen increases in size.
- Unpleasant symptoms during sex, urination.
- Constipation occurs due to compression of the rectum.
Usually, fibroids are discovered absolutely by chance at a gynecologist or ultrasound.
What to do with uterine fibroids, causes of appearance:
- Doctors believe that a very high risk of developing fibroids in nulliparous women, pregnancy reduces the risk of fibroids.
- , obesity change the hormonal background of a woman for the worse. Patients with diabetes are also at risk.
- Early onset of the menstrual cycle, estrogen affects the formation of fibroids, as does progesterone (a hormone).
- Late first pregnancy, reduced breastfeeding time.
- Taking hormone replacement therapy c.
- Even phytoestrogens in food can negatively affect the growth of uterine fibroids or preparations containing them "qi-clim".
- Any irradiation.
- Patients with hypertension due to damage to the smooth muscles of the uterus.
- Uterine trauma: abortion or surgery.
- Infectious diseases (, ureplasma).
- Heredity of the disease: 30 - 40 percent of cases.
For violations of a healthy lifestyle:
- Lots of caffeine.
- Little sleep.
- Alcohol, nicotine change the level of endogenous hormones for the worse. Everyone who quit this habit got rid of the risk of developing fibroids up to 50%.
- Prolonged stress.
- Fatty, fried, smoked, salty food with preservatives.
- Lack of fruits, vegetables, greens, vitamins and minerals (vitamins A, D) in food. Lack of citrus. Food with lycopene (a powerful antioxidant) reduces the size of fibroids, their size.
- Refined food with a high glycemic index.
- Lots of red meat on the menu (beef, lamb). Few fish.
- Physical activity reduces the risk of fibroids in acceptable numbers. Health, weight, blood counts are preserved.
- A diet rich in vegetables and fruits with fiber reduces the risk of developing fibroids.
The main soil for the formation of a tumor is prepared by estrogen (female hormone), and progesterone (the second female hormone) completes its work.
What to do with uterine fibroids, its classification:
In medicine, its development is divided into:
By the number of nodes in the uterus:
- Single.
- Multiple nodes.
They classify her by weeks of pregnancy, a woman feels this way. You probably saw in your medical record 4 or 5 weeks of pregnancy or more. So gynecologists determine its size. There are nodes reaching 38 weeks of pregnancy in size.
Origin:
- Leiomyoma.
- Lipomyoma.
- Rhabdomyoma.
- Fibromyoma.
I'm sure you've heard of many of them already. The name depends on which layer of the uterus the developing tumor is located.
- Submucosal (submucosal), will develop into the uterine cavity.
- Intramural or (interstitial), located in the muscle layer of the diseased uterus.
- Subserous: nodes on the outside closer to the peritoneum. Such knots can be on a leg.
Diagnosis of uterine fibroids:
It is diagnosed by ultrasound (ultrasound):
- The dimensions are clearly visible.
- Where is it.
- Number of nodes.
- It is important to determine the blood flow of the myomatous node.
CT (computed tomography), rarely applicable, provides no more information than ultrasound.
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is used to a limited extent for large nodes.
- I think that a woman with fibroids needs to know the prohibited actions or their restrictive option.
- All thermal procedures: heating, bath, sauna, heating pads, baths. Warming up the body will lead to tumor growth.
What needs to be done:
- To reduce the risk of fibroids, you need to have sex, and with a discharge at the end. Sex should be regular.
- With increased nervous excitability, drink tinctures of valerian, mint, motherwort. Hormone levels are regulated.
- Lose your extra pounds, treat sores on time, follow a healthy lifestyle.
- Women's sores should be under constant control and treatment.
- Once every 12 months, find time and go to see a gynecologist, undergo an ultrasound for any suspicion of trouble in your beloved.
Uterine fibroids what to do how to treat:
In medicine, there are two main methods of treatment:
Operation (surgery):
- It consists in removing the uterus completely.
- A gentle method is the removal of the node (if there are a small number of them and the woman has not yet given birth).
- Embolization of the uterine arteries - in fact, the blood supply to the nodes is blocked. Nodes shrink, decrease, disappear. Often the nodes become inflamed, up to their necrosis. Sometimes node growth is reversible.
- The method of ultrasonic fuzooblation (a method of evaporating a node with ultrasound) is a fairly new direction in the treatment of fibroids. But the method is rarely used due to the high probability of damage to neighboring organs.
Medication treatment:
- Hormonal contraceptives to prevent the formation of nodes. To slow down their growth, only up to 1.5 centimeters in size. They help keep small knots under control. If the sizes are larger, the treatment is different.
- Mirena hormonal coil, actively fights active menstruation with myoma. With nodes growing into the uterine cavity, the spiral is contraindicated.
- Treatment with special drugs, when a woman capable of giving birth is sent for a while to an artificial menopause. Her menstruation stops, the nodes stop growing. Deliberately I will not name the drugs, the treatment is very serious.
- You just need to understand that when you stop taking such drugs, the nodes begin to grow again. Treatment lasts no more than six months, no more. The absence of menstruation is fraught with the health of the patient. Such treatment is carried out in time with natural menopause according to indications. Young women are not prescribed this treatment.
Official medicine is categorical - no treatment will help with uterine myoma anymore. However, I will offer you some of the most effective traditional medicine recipes according to reviews.
No treatment with indoles and epigalates will save from the growth of fibroids.
Uterine fibroids what to do, operation:
- With small sizes of nodes, it is not treated in any way - they are simply observed.
- With the growth of fibroids and its location in the neck, an operation is performed.
- There is no need to be afraid, with sizes up to 10 weeks, the operation is performed by the laparoscopic method (three punctures on the abdomen, sizes up to 1 cm).
- The next day they get out of bed.
- Up to three days, drainage tubes are in the stomach, then they are removed from them. You can move with them, it doesn't interfere at all.
- Up to five days they are not allowed to eat, they are fed through droppers. Hunger is not felt.
- They inject antibiotics, take aspirin to thin the blood (blood loss during operations is inevitable).
- Discharged on the tenth day.
- For women in menopause, all female organs are removed, except for the cervix (hystorectomy).
- There is nothing wrong with that, you were and will remain a woman.
- You will experience even more pleasure in bed and nothing will change for your man.
- The cervix was saved for physiology.
- For dry vaginal mucosa with menopause, buy a water-based intimate lubricant at the pharmacy. The pain will disappear. The man applies lubricant on the penis or condom.
- Do not panic and be treated, if the size and location of the nodes allow, observe them before menopause. They disappear at menopause.
- If surgery is indicated, do it.
- There is nothing irreparable.
Uterine fibroids symptoms and treatment with folk remedies:
Surgical intervention is necessary only for large sizes of fibroids, while for small sizes it is simply observed or treated with medication. Only a doctor should do this.
This is a hormone-dependent disease, self-medication is contraindicated. Folk methods will be appropriate for very small tumor sizes and give excellent final results.
The simplest and most effective herbs and fees in the treatment of fibroids:
Hazel (hazelnut):
- It will take one glass of dry hazel leaves.
- Pour them into a thermos, adding one liter of boiling water.
- It is better to do the infusion at night.
- Strain in the morning.
- Drink in sips of a third of a glass up to four times / day.
- You can douching in the morning and evening.
Treat up to six months. The problem will go away.
In three weeks you will feel it.
Gradually, discomfort, pain will go away, the quality of life will improve.
Pine nuts:
- They are used for fibroids, mastopathy.
- You can just eat them in small portions peeled (up to 30 grams in the morning).
- With a large amount of use, weight increases.
- Fibroids are shrinking.
Sunflower oil treatment:
- Take a tablespoon of sunflower oil in your mouth in the morning.
- Do not swallow.
- Move it around in your mouth like you're rinsing your teeth.
- The procedure should be carried out for at least 25 minutes.
- Soon the oil will be very liquid.
- You only need to spit it out when it turns white.
- This color will be from cleansing the body through the salivary glands from toxins and toxins.
- Rinse your mouth.
- Cleansing should be done once in the morning.
- You can take breaks and repeat.
- Exacerbations of sores during treatment take place.
Green tea:
- Invigorates, helps to get rid of excess testosterone (male hormone). Affects the causes of small breasts in women.
- Helps to fight hairiness of female legs.
- Possesses such activity - catechin of green tea.
Borova uterus (grass):
They are treated with a upland uterus for a long time. Infusions are used for oral administration, douching. There may be exacerbations of the disease, then improvement.
Recipe:
- Traditional preparation of decoction.
- One tablespoon of dry herb in a glass of boiling water.
- Keep in a water bath for about five minutes.
- We insist three hours.
- Douche in a warm form for up to 10 days (excluding the time of menstruation).
- Treat monthly.
Ingestion of decoction:
- We drink the decoction prepared in the same way one hour before meals.
- We begin to be treated from the fourth day of menstruation or immediately after menstruation.
- Dose: One tablespoon five times/day.
Alcohol tincture:
- Vodka 500 grams.
- Grass boron uterus 50 grams.
- Mix, insist better in the dark, no more than 21 days.
- Drink 40 drops before meals, three times is enough, starting from the fourth day of menstruation.
- Course 21 days.
- Break for seven days.
- Repeat again.
Be careful when treating boron uterus with gastritis, it is better to drink it after meals.
Red brush:
- Prepared in a water bath.
- One glass of boiling water is poured into a saucepan.
- Add the root of the red brush in a dose of a tablespoon.
- Hold 15 minutes.
- One hour after infusion, filter.
- Add boiling water to the volume of a full glass.
- A little honey is added.
- Drink a little a day before meals in equal portions three times.
- Course 45 days.
For the treatment of fibroids, propolis, burdock, and herbal preparations are used.
To summarize what has been written: what to do with uterine fibroids. If it exists, watch it.
With its active growth - delete and live. That's not fatal. Do not worry too much, you will not return anything. After the operation, you will live peacefully and happily.
Trust me, I'm telling you the truth.
Look more often at my site, I'm waiting for you.
Watch the video, treatment of fibroids with folk remedies:
Uterine fibroids today is a fairly common phenomenon, especially the frequency of its diagnosis during pregnancy has increased. It is quite logical that a woman of childbearing age increasingly has questions about the possibility of becoming pregnant in the presence of uterine fibroids or after its removal, about its effect on the course of pregnancy and methods of its treatment during childbearing.
The effect of fibroids on pregnancy.
It must be said right away that fibroids are a benign tumor that occurs against the background of the growth of muscle fibers of the walls of the uterus. I’ll clarify right away that any tumor formation in the uterine cavity sooner or later leads to its increase. The growth of fibroids can be very fast, but may not be observed at all, and for quite a long time. During gestation, the uterus also increases in size, corresponding to a particular period. That is why the increase in the uterus is initially associated with pregnancy, and only according to the results of ultrasound is an accurate diagnosis made.
Myoma really complicates the process of conception, because its size puts pressure on the fallopian tubes, putting obstacles for the movement of spermatozoa, and also disrupts ovulation. As such, it does not cause infertility, but its removal significantly increases the chances of conceiving a baby, unless, of course, its size exceeds the twelve-week gestation period. With a larger size, the tumor leads to deformation of the uterine cavity, as a result of which, after surgery, it is rather difficult to preserve the childbearing function, since the removal of a large fibroid is often accompanied by severe bleeding, and in some cases, specialists are forced to simply remove the uterus.
In the first months of pregnancy, complications may occur against the background of fibroids, this happens mainly when the tumor is close to the placenta. In this case, the size of the tumor is no less important. With small myomatous nodes, pregnancy proceeds without complications, and the tumor itself does not manifest itself in any way.
Fibroids in the second and third trimester of pregnancy increase the risk of miscarriage as well as premature birth. This happens as a result of the fact that the myomatous nodes leave less and less free space for the fetus, in addition, they stimulate the contractile activity of the uterus. In this situation, the location of the fibroids and its distance from the placenta (is there any contact) also play an important role.
Large tumors can interfere with normal growth and development of the fetus. Often there are cases of the birth of children with low weight, with a changed shape of the skull, curvature of the neck, etc.
Most experts agree that uterine fibroids affect the birth process, significantly delaying it. Also, if it is available, specialists more often decide on a caesarean section. In this situation, it is not the myoma itself, as such, that prevents childbirth, but a significant size of myomatous nodes in combination with pathologies of the position and presentation of the fetus (transverse, pelvic and facial presentation). Sometimes, if the cesarean section incision matches the location of the fibroid, the doctor may remove it.
It should be noted that in pregnant women in the presence of fibroids, placental abruption often occurs, especially with the retroplacental (behind the placenta) location of the tumor. During the birth process, doctors take into account this feature of the tumor.
In the postpartum period, fibroids can also give complications, both immediately (bleeding against the background of low uterine tone), and after a rather long period of time (infectious diseases, the uterus does not reach its original size).
Planning pregnancy in the presence of uterine fibroids.
At the conception planning stage, it is necessary to take into account such facts as the location of the fibroid, its growth trends, and the size of the nodes. If the location of the nodes leads to the deformation of the uterine cavity, then in principle it is impossible to get pregnant, since the spermatozoa, not reaching the fallopian tubes, settle on their surface without meeting the egg. In this case, the nodes are subject to mandatory removal.
If the nodes are small and located in the thickness of the uterine wall or outside, that is, there is no deformation of the cavity, then the probability of pregnancy is quite high. It should only be said that in the case of fertilization, a woman may have problems associated with bearing a fetus.
If a woman has a myomatous node on a thin stalk, then there is a high risk of its torsion during pregnancy, and this, as a rule, leads to surgical intervention and often to miscarriage. In this situation, at the stage of pregnancy planning, such nodes are urgently recommended to be removed.
It is also important to note that if, according to ultrasound, a predisposition of the tumor to rapid growth (doubling within six months) was established, then pregnancy planning is prohibited. This is due to the high risk of an increase in fibroids during gestation, which provokes malnutrition in the node, and this is already fraught with miscarriage. At the stage of conception planning, such a tumor must also be removed in advance.
In the case of large uterine fibroids (4 cm in diameter and above), it is also worth postponing conception, because, firstly, this is unlikely (against the background of endometrial pathology), and if it happens, it is fraught with miscarriage, since the likelihood of miscarriages and malnutrition of the fetus, which will lead to surgery. Nodes are also subject to removal at the planning stage of the child.
Fibroids growth during pregnancy.
No physician can reliably answer how the tumor will behave during pregnancy (if it is present before conception). The genetic factor plays an important role here. In most cases, the growth of fibroids is observed in the first two trimesters of pregnancy, and in the third, on the contrary, their decrease is noted. As a rule, during gestation, fibroids shrink in size by an average of thirty-five percent, but there is still a small percentage of cases of fibroids that double in gestation, but this practically does not complicate or complicate pregnancy. However, the destruction or degeneration of fibroids can contribute to various complications. This process is combined with tissue necrosis of the collapsed fibroids, bleeding, cyst formation, etc. Such a phenomenon can occur, frankly, at any stage of pregnancy and after delivery. In this case, the location of the fibroids matters.
Why the destruction of fibroids occurs during pregnancy is not fully known. This can be facilitated by hormonal (increase in progesterone), vascular and mechanical changes (impaired blood supply to the neoplasm due to thrombosis). This process is accompanied by pain in the node location area, an increase in uterine tone, an increase in body temperature, an increase in the level of leukocytes in the blood and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Fibroids degeneration is diagnosed by ultrasound. Initially, the patient is recommended bed rest and analgesics are prescribed, while maintaining severe symptoms, she is hospitalized for further inpatient treatment.
Surgical treatment is prescribed in exceptional cases in the presence of absolute indications (severe fever, leukocytosis, deterioration in general condition, acute abdominal pain, uterine bleeding). Often, with surgery, it is possible to save the pregnancy.
I note that fibroids that grew in the first months of pregnancy, after childbirth, may not declare themselves at all. After childbirth, as the uterus returns to its original state, the location of the myomatous nodes may change.
Treatment of fibroids during pregnancy.
Initially, fibroid therapy is conservative in nature and is aimed at stopping the growth of a benign formation. Methods in each case depend on the individual characteristics of the tumor and the causes of its development. During childbearing, iron deficiency anemia in a pregnant woman can become a factor provoking the growth of fibroids. It is this fact that serves as one of the arguments for the constant study of a woman's blood during this period.
Therapeutic and preventive measures for uterine fibroids are taking iron supplements, ascorbic and folic acids, B vitamins, a diet with a predominance of protein foods. Vitamins E and A are also recommended, which have a beneficial effect on the neuroendocrine system and reduce the sensitivity of the genital organs to estrogen.
If lipid metabolism is disturbed in a pregnant woman with fibroids, her diet is adjusted: they severely limit the intake of carbohydrate foods, exclude any animal fats (they are replaced by vegetable ones), include more freshly squeezed juices from vegetables and fruits in the diet.
After delivery, a woman is prescribed hormonal agents with progesterone, which reduces the ability of cell division, preventing tumor growth. If it is impossible or unsuccessful attempts to stop the growth of fibroids, a decision is made on surgical treatment (conservative myomectomy - removal of nodes while preserving the uterus).
The laparoscopy technique (an operation performed using an endoscope and instruments, under the control of a video camera installed in the abdominal cavity) significantly reduces the risk of developing adhesions in the small pelvis, which in the future helps to maintain the patency of the fallopian tubes, and this is one of the main factors for pregnancy. The method of treatment with the help of laparotomy (abdominal operation, the surgeon does everything manually) is associated with a high risk of adhesion formation, and their formation can occur both in the small pelvis and in the abdominal cavity. In the future, this leads to infertility, and sometimes to complications from the digestive system (for example, adhesive intestinal obstruction). However, the large size of the nodes with the laparoscopy technique does not allow the uterus to be sutured, as required, due to the peculiarities of the technique, the angle of the abdominal instruments, and some technical points.
As a result, laparoscopy is performed for women planning a pregnancy, if the size of the nodes does not exceed 5-6 cm. In this case, the skill and experience of the surgeon is required to suture the uterus. To remove large nodes, there are new technologies for suturing the uterus, but this significantly increases the risk of uterine rupture along the scar.
If the nodes exceed 9-10 cm in diameter, the risk of uterine rupture along the scar is much higher than the risk of adhesions due to laparotomy. Therefore, it is recommended to abandon laparoscopy and perform an opening of the abdominal cavity to excise the tumor.
After removal of uterine fibroids, regardless of the technique used, it is possible to plan conception only after eight to twelve months, it all depends on the size of the removed tumor.
It should be noted that after the removal of the fibroids, the delivery of a woman can be carried out in a natural way, if the removed nodes were no more than four centimeters in diameter, if there are no complications during pregnancy and after childbirth, if the scar on the uterus is in satisfactory condition. The age of the woman also plays a huge role. In other cases, a caesarean section is indicated.
Multiple uterine fibroids.
It also happens that several myomatous nodes are formed in the uterus at once, and they are different in size. It is very difficult to plan a pregnancy in this situation, since the removal of such formations can lead to the fact that there is no healthy tissue left on the uterus. In such situations, doctors prescribe the removal of only those nodes that interfere with the attachment of the embryo, tend to grow, interfere with the bearing of the fetus and can cause complications, etc. after delivery, you can do the excision of the remaining nodes, or this can be done by doctors during a caesarean section.
One of the most urgent problems is such a gynecological disease as uterine fibroids.
However, there is no need to panic if you are diagnosed with this:
First, you should calm down and understand that fibroids are not a malignant neoplasm, and that there are reliable methods of treatment;
Secondly, it is important to undergo a thorough examination using hardware techniques. Then the diagnosis will either be refuted or confirmed for certain.
Here we look at the most important questions about uterine fibroids, talk about the likely causes of its occurrence, symptoms and methods of treatment.
Uterine fibroids - what is it?
- This is a disease of the female genital area, characterized by the formation and growth of a benign tumor in the myometrium - the muscular layer of the uterus. Most often, the problem of uterine fibroids is faced by women in the age group from 30 to 40 years and older. However, at present, fibroids are significantly “younger”, and cases of the disease in young women at the age of 20-25 are not uncommon.
Uterine fibroids is a tumor (formation, node) located inside the body of the uterus (in 95% of cases, less often in the cervix - 5%). Fibroids can develop from both muscle and connective tissue cells.
Obstetrician-gynecologists indicate the size of fibroids either in centimeters (the size of the node itself) or in weeks. The phrase "myoma 12 weeks" means an increase in the uterus with a myomatous node to the same size as with a period of 12 weeks of pregnancy.
By location relative to the muscle layer - myometrium - fibroids are classified as follows:
Intermuscular (or intramuscular, or interstitial, or intramural) - the node is located inside the myometrium;
Subperitoneal (or subserous) - the node is located under the mucous membrane of the outer layer of the uterus, near the peritoneum;
Submucosal (or submucosal) - the node is located under the internal mucous membrane of the uterus, in the cavity of the organ;
Interligamentous (or intraligamentary) - the node is located between the wide uterine ligaments.
There are fibroids on the leg, but their localization is exactly the same as we listed above.
Sometimes a diffuse form of fibroids is diagnosed, in which the node as such is absent, but diffuse growth of the myometrium occurs.
What is the difference between fibroids and uterine fibroids?
All types of fibroids are formed from two types of tissue: muscle and connective. The predominant composition determines its belonging to the type of fibroids. If it is dominated by muscle fibers, then this is a fibroid. If connective fibers predominate, which are mixed with muscle fibers, then this is fibromyoma. And if the tumor consists entirely of connective tissue, then it is called a fibroma.
Symptoms of uterine fibroids depend on the age of the node, the age of the woman, the size and location of the tumor, the growth rate of the myoma node and the presence of other chronic diseases. Sometimes fibroids are almost asymptomatic and are detected only at the next medical examination.
The most common and characteristic symptoms of uterine fibroids:
Pain in the intermenstrual period, different in duration, occurring in the lower abdomen, sometimes radiating to the lumbar region, upper abdomen or legs;
Menstrual disorders. These can be changes in the duration of the cycle in the direction of reduction or increase, increased pain in menstruation, an increase in blood loss during menstruation (menstrual), intermenstrual spotting;
Problems in the reproductive sphere (possible development).
With the rapid growth of uterine fibroids or with a large size of the myomatous node, the volume of the abdomen can increase without adding body weight, as well as discomfort and constant aching and pulling pains in the lower abdomen, which intensify after physical exertion and emotional and psychological experiences.
When nearby organs are compressed by a myomatous node, persistent, as well as frequent, sometimes painful urination occurs.
When the leg of the myomatous node is twisted, necrosis (necrosis) of the body of the fibroid develops, and then the clinical picture of the “acute abdomen” is observed: sharp pains in the lower part of the peritoneum, palpitations, cold sticky sweat, fainting. This situation requires urgent surgical care.
Other symptoms of uterine fibroids can be expressed in violation of the functions of organs indirectly affected by the pathogenesis:
Pain behind the sternum;
Neuroses and neurosis-like states due to thoughts about the growth of a tumor, the danger of a disease.
Symptoms of uterine fibroids in the early stages
The first signs of uterine fibroids are usually observed when a woman has a myomatous node measuring 2-6 cm or more:
The appearance of sharp pains of a cramping nature not associated with menstruation in the lower abdomen;
Painful menstruation, although this was not the case before;
Increased menstrual bleeding;
The appearance of bleeding in the intermenstrual period;
Abundant bleeding between;
Lengthening or shortening of the menstrual cycle;
Inability to conceive a child.
Research in the field of medicine allows us to identify several possible causes of the development of uterine fibroids:
Genetic factor (hereditary predisposition);
Imbalance in the hormonal sphere;
Pathological growths of the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus);
The consequences of multiple or frequent abortions and the use of intrauterine devices;
Infectious and inflammatory processes of the female genital area;
Diabetes mellitus and other endocrine diseases, including;
The presence of chronic diseases of various internal organs and body systems;
Hypodynamia;
Lack of regular sex life and sexual satisfaction.
Let's look at some of the reasons in more detail.
Excess estrogen, lack of progesterone. Uterine fibroids are considered a hormone-dependent disease - the tumor is formed against the background of an imbalance in female sex hormones. Therefore, the development of fibroids is typical for women of childbearing age. Myoma does not occur in girls before the onset of the first menstruation and in women in the menopausal and postmenopausal period. Studies have shown that the occurrence, growth and development of a tumor is affected by an imbalance in the production of female sex hormones - estrogen and progesterone.
Violation of the menstrual cycle, in which the production of estrogen is increased, can lead to the development of uterine fibroids. Obesity exacerbates the risk of disease, because. adipose tissue also produces estrogen. An increase in estrogen levels entails a violation of the ratio of hormones estrogen - progesterone in a woman's body.
In addition to increased production of estrogen, metabolic disturbances in its synthesis and the balance of its fractions (estrone and estriol) are often observed in different phases of the menstrual cycle. Therefore, if myoma is suspected, it is important to conduct a study of the hormonal status.
The number of pregnancies, childbirth, abortions. An important factor in the examination is to find out the total number of pregnancies in a woman, as well as their outcomes - childbirth, miscarriage (abortion). Abortions and miscarriages increase the risk of developing fibroids. Pregnancies ending in childbirth, especially with subsequent breastfeeding, are reduced.
Traumatic, difficult childbirth, diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity, frequent and multiple medical abortions (including "mini-abortions") can be the root cause of the development of fibroids.
Woman nutrition. Improper nutrition also leads to a violation of the hormonal balance. The predominance of refined foods, trans fats in the diet, an insufficient amount of fiber can cause an increase in the formation of female sex hormones and their imbalance. An unhealthy diet also leads to obesity, which, as we have already indicated, is a risk factor for the development of fibroids ().
If a woman's diet is balanced, contains a large amount of plant foods, seafood, complex carbohydrates (cereals), few fats and sugars, the risk of developing fibroids is significantly reduced. Outwardly, women who eat right look young and attractive, they are full of health, strength and energy.
Lack of orgasm during sexual intercourse. The fullness of a woman's intimate life also affects the occurrence of uterine fibroids. Irregular or infrequent sexual intercourse, lack of orgasms leads to stagnation of venous blood in the small pelvis. A chronic condition of venous stasis can provoke hormonal instability and the occurrence of a tumor.
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The risk of developing fibroids is increased by diseases such as (impaired production of the hormone insulin) and. The risk increases if a woman becomes ill at a young age, before the age of 35.
Other possible causes of uterine fibroids:
Obesity of the "apple" type;
Oral contraception with hormonal drugs;
Injuries and diseases of the female genital area;
Prolonged exposure to the ultraviolet spectrum of direct sunlight and in solariums.
Uterine fibroids pose a danger to a woman's health in terms of the development of complications of the disease. With regular monitoring by the attending gynecologist and careful attention to her health, a woman can significantly reduce the risk of complications.
Therefore, you should be aware of possible potential problems:
Massive uterine bleeding is dangerous both in itself as a threat to life and the development of anemia;
Torsion of the myomatous node on a thin stalk. It is fraught with the development of the picture of "acute abdomen". Requires immediate operational assistance;
Suspicion of malignant fibroids.
Embolization of the uterine arteries - a modern unique method for the treatment of fibroids
The essence of the method is to block the blood flow through the arteries that feed the myomatous node. This non-invasive operation is performed in an X-ray operating room. A catheter is inserted into the femoral artery, through which a special embolizing (clogging artery) drug is passed. The operation is performed under local anesthesia and radiopaque control. For a woman, everything is painless.
In the future, without blood supply, the tumor decreases in size and completely disappears. There were no relapses after such treatment.
FUS ablation
MRI-guided FUS ablation of fibroids is a non-invasive treatment for uterine fibroids. The essence of the method: heating the cells of the myomatous node with the help of a directed ultrasonic pulse in order to kill them.
At the first stage of treatment, the doctor plans the whole process in the study using MRI. At the second stage, while continuing to control the process by means of MRI, the doctor sends ultrasound pulses to the tumor node. The cells of the node are heated to a certain temperature, as a result of which they die. After that, the doctor performs directed tissue cooling. There will be several such short sessions of ultrasound exposure, depending on the size of the tumor. MRI allows you to track the degree of tissue destruction and adjust the power of the ultrasound beam.
In general, FUS ablation can take up to 4 hours. The third stage of the procedure is a control magnetic resonance scan using a radiopaque substance.
Advantages of the FUS ablation method:
Non-invasive;
No need for anesthesia, postoperative care, intensive infusion therapy;
Absence of complications and side effects - blood loss, intoxication;
Preservation of the uterus and reproductive activity, respectively;
Short terms of rehabilitation;
Absence of relapses in the development of myomatous nodes;
High efficiency of the method even in the presence of multiple and large nodes;
Significant reduction in the size of fibroids immediately after treatment;
Quick relief from the unpleasant symptoms of the disease.
During the procedure, the woman needs to lie still. Due to a long stay in the prone position, discomfort may occur in the neck, feet, knees. All changes in your condition should be reported to the nurse and the doctor conducting the treatment.
The following symptoms should not be tolerated:
Burning or stabbing pains in the lower abdomen;
Stitching and shooting pains in the back, small of the back, region of the sacrum, and in the legs.
Medicines used in the treatment of fibroids
With conservative therapy, several groups of medicines are used. Let's consider each in more detail.
Combined oral contraceptives
The combination of ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel:
Mercilon;
Marvelon;
The combination of ethinylestradiol with norgestrel:
-
Rigevidon.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists
The action of these drugs is based on the creation of a temporary "artificial menopause" in a woman's body. Under the action of hormones, ovarian function is suppressed. Agonist drugs (analogues) of natural gonadotropin-releasing hormones (AGHRH) inhibit the production of pituitary sex hormones that affect the functioning of the ovaries.
This group of drugs:
Buserelin;
Triptorelin (Diferelin, Decapeptyl, Decapeptyl-depot);
Leuprorelin (Lukrin-depot);
Goserelin (Zoladex).
Under the influence of AGRG, the ovaries "fall asleep", ovulation does not occur, the uterine mucosa does not change cyclically - menstruation stops. This process is completely reversible, after the abolition of drugs, all functions are restored. Treatment lasts no more than 6 months. During this period, the size of the tumor can decrease up to 50%, the symptoms of fibroids become less pronounced.
Cons of using drugs:
Possible full recovery of tumor size after discontinuation of treatment;
It is forbidden to take drugs for a long time (longer than 6 months) due to the high risk of osteoporosis and other complications of insufficient estrogen levels.
It is advisable to prescribe AGRG before surgery for uterine myoma in order to reduce the size of the tumor.
Antiprogestogens
Like GRH agonists, drugs in this group are used before surgery to remove uterine fibroids. The most commonly used drug is Mifepristone (RU-486).
Under the influence of hormonal therapy, myomatous nodes decrease in size, the symptoms of uterine fibroids weaken.
Antigonadotropins
Used drugs:
Danazol (Danogen, Danoval, Danol, Vero-Danazol).
Nemestral (active ingredient - gestrinone).
The action of antigonadotropins is to reduce the intensity of symptoms without reducing the size of the tumor. Often, when they are used, undesirable side effects occur (increased hair growth on the face and body, a change in the timbre of the voice, the appearance of rashes).
Antigonadotropins are used to treat uterine fibroids quite rarely, only in the absence of the effect of treatment with other hormonal drugs.
Gestagens
To date, the use of gestagens is becoming less and less justified. Some gynecologists consider the use of gestagens effective, because. With a lack of progesterone, tumor growth occurs. Many doctors, on the contrary, speak out categorically against the use of any gestagens for the treatment of fibroids. The mechanism of tumor formation is not based on the amount of any hormone, but on the imbalance of the entire hormonal system of a woman.
Currently, the use of gestagens is prescribed for a combination of uterine fibroids and endometrial hyperplasia.
Used drugs:
Linestrenol (Orgametril, Escluton);
Nor-ethisterone (Norkolut, Primolut-nor);
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera, Depo-Provera).
Recent studies on medical treatment of fibroids
Scientists from the University of Brussels conducted research at St. Luke's Hospital to understand how the contraceptive drug Esmya acts on uterine fibroids. As part of Esmya tablets, the main active ingredient is ulipristal acetate. And since in the process of development and growth of fibroids, the level of not only estrogen, but also progesterone matters, it was decided to study the effect of Esmya and progestogen blockers.
The experiment involved 550 women who were shown surgical treatment of uterine fibroids. All subjects were divided into two groups. One group was given a placebo as a “treatment” for 3 months, the other was given Esmya tablets.
In parallel, another study was conducted: a comparison of the action of Esmya and injections of progestogen hormone blockers.
The results of two experiments revealed the following:
After the use of Esmya, the size of uterine fibroids is reduced, the intensity of the symptoms of the disease is reduced;
90% of the studied patients noted a positive effect from taking Esmya tablets;
In 50% of patients who took Esmya, the need for surgical treatment disappeared (the effect is similar to the use of injections of progestogen blockers);
After taking Esmya tablets, there are no such side effects as with the use of injections of hormone blockers - hot flashes, degeneration of bone tissue;
After treatment for 6 months, there was no resumption of tumor growth, whereas after the cessation of injections of hormone blockers, myomatous nodes began to grow again.
It is likely that thanks to the efforts of scientists, the problem of uterine fibroids will soon be solved much faster and easier than at present.
Since uterine fibroids is an urgent problem, due attention should be paid to the prevention of this disease from a young age. Although there is no single theory for the occurrence of fibroids, it is worth trying to prevent all possible causes of the tumor.
Stress. Cultivating psychological comfort within yourself is what every woman should strive for. Of course, stress cannot be completely avoided. However, you need to learn how to respond correctly to conflict situations, not to carry in your soul resentment, unspoken claims and many years of experience.
Healthy lifestyle. A balanced diet, optimal physical activity, sufficient exposure to fresh air, hardening procedures, compliance with the regime of work and rest - at first glance, banal truths can really help in maintaining women's health.
Weight control will avoid obesity, which, as we have indicated, is a risk factor for the development of uterine fibroids. Every extra 10 kg of weight increases the likelihood of disease by 20%.
The diet should include a sufficient amount of fresh vegetables and fruits, whole grains, replace simple carbohydrates with complex ones. You should drink plenty of clean water, especially during the hot season.
Regular physical exercises help to improve the activity of the endocrine system in general and the gonads in particular. The acceleration of blood flow improves the supply of oxygen to the pelvic organs, which improves all metabolic processes in the gynecological field.
After physical exertion, it is optimal to carry out water hardening activities - a contrast shower, douches, rubdowns.
Medical supervision. Every woman should at least once a year, and preferably once every six months, undergo an examination by a gynecologist. If necessary, the doctor will prescribe an ultrasound of the pelvis. In no case should such an examination be neglected, based on the fact that "nothing bothers." Detection of fibroids in the early stages will make it possible to dispense with a non-invasive or conservative method of treatment.
Contraception, family planning. It is extremely important to organize rational contraception in order to avoid interruption of an unwanted pregnancy. Contraceptive issues should be discussed with a gynecologist. Often the best choice will be the use of oral contraceptives, which is another preventive factor against the occurrence of uterine fibroids. You just have to choose the right drug.
With a genetic predisposition to the development of uterine fibroids in a young woman, it is necessary to keep the first pregnancy.
Childbirth at the optimal age (the first - up to 22 years, the second - up to 25, the next - up to 35 years), followed by breastfeeding, reduces the risk of developing a tumor, and sometimes contributes to the resorption of existing fibroids. The state of motherhood, the period of lactation provides not only a harmonious psychological state of a woman, but also normalizes the level of sex hormones in the body.
Harmonious intimate life. Regular, full-fledged sex life with the obligatory achievement of orgasm with each sexual intercourse significantly reduces the risk of developing any tumors in the gynecological sphere, including fibroids. This is due to the acceleration of blood flow throughout the body and in the small pelvis in particular, a comfortable psychological state, and increased work of the endocrine system.
"Climate control". All women should be aware of the prevention of both general and local (pelvic area, thighs, buttocks, feet) hypothermia. It is necessary to avoid staying in a wet swimsuit for a long time, as well as sitting on wet ground, stone and other cold surfaces, even on hot days in summer.
Linen should be natural, because. synthetic fabrics in the cold contribute to rapid freezing, and in the heat - sweating. Clothing that is too tight, squeezing the body can also disrupt heat transfer.
If symptoms of inflammatory processes (pain, discharge, fever) occur, you should immediately contact a gynecologist to prescribe timely treatment. If you do not pay attention and wait that "everything will pass by itself", you can contribute to the development of a focus of a chronic inflammatory process.
Ultra-violet rays. Women should not abuse exposure to the sun and tanning beds, under direct ultraviolet rays. Before sunbathing, it is necessary to apply a special protective cream to the skin.
Vitamins and microelements. In addition to eating healthy foods, it is important for a woman to periodically take additional vitamin and mineral complex preparations. Specifically, it is better to discuss this step with your doctor, who will prescribe a complex containing iodine, iron, magnesium, copper, selenium, zinc, as well as vitamins A, C, E with antioxidant properties.
Answers to popular questions
Weight lifting exercises;
Torsion of the hoop with weight (sand, suction cups);
Belly dance;
Use of warming belts.
Is pregnancy possible with uterine fibroids? Yes, in the presence of fibroids, pregnancy is possible. It all depends on the size of the myomatous node and its location. If the knot does not prevent the fertilized egg from passing through the fallopian tube and implanting into the wall of the uterus, pregnancy occurs. The development of pregnancy should occur with the regular observation of a woman by an obstetrician-gynecologist.
Is it possible to give birth with uterine fibroids? It is possible, but each case is individual. The question of the management of childbirth (naturally or through a caesarean section) should be decided by your obstetrician-gynecologist.
Taking birth control pills for uterine fibroids. Since the fibroid is “younger”, and young sexually active women suffer from the disease, the issue of contraception is very relevant. With myoma, in the absence of individual contraindications, monophasic and combined hormonal contraceptives can be used. Oral contraceptives help regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce volume.
Is it possible to do massage with uterine fibroids? With fibroids complicated by bleeding, constant pain in the lower abdomen, rapid growth of the tumor, if malignant degeneration is suspected, massage is absolutely contraindicated! With uncomplicated myoma, massage is possible, but excluding the following areas of the body: lower abdomen, lumbar region, thighs, buttocks. Gynecological massage is also contraindicated in any uterine myoma.
Is it possible to sunbathe with uterine fibroids? No, you can not sunbathe either under direct sunlight or under solarium lamps. It is impossible to allow overheating of both the local area in the lower abdomen and the body as a whole - in order to avoid the growth and degeneration of the tumor.
Is it possible to play sports with uterine fibroids? In the absence of pain and intermenstrual bleeding, it is possible, but subject to several rules.
You should refrain from:
Is contraception possible with a spiral for uterine fibroids? No, a conventional spiral cannot be used for uterine fibroids. In the absence of contraindications, contraception with a special Mirena coil for the treatment of fibroids is possible. The usual spiral increases bleeding during menstruation. When using the Mirena spiral, pain during menstruation is completely absent, and bleeding becomes scarce.
How to confirm the diagnosis of "uterine fibroids"? You should undergo a gynecological two-handed examination with palpation and ultrasound with a vaginal probe. Usually these two methods are sufficient. If necessary, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy diagnostics, hysteroscopy are prescribed.
Is it necessary to undergo treatment if there is a small subserous myoma nodule of 2 cm? Yes. In any case, treatment of fibroids is necessary. In such a situation, conservative methods (without surgery) are indicated.
Do fibroids continue to grow during pregnancy? In the first two trimesters, there is a slight growth of the tumor. In the third trimester of pregnancy, the growth of fibroids stops.
Education: Diploma "Obstetrics and Gynecology" received at the Russian State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Health and Social Development (2010). In 2013, she completed her postgraduate studies at the NMU. N. I. Pirogov.
The human body consists of a large number of cells that perform certain functions, however, in some cases, under the influence of various factors, their differentiation occurs with the formation of both malignant formations, which include cancer and sarcoma, and benign ones, one of the varieties of which is fibroids. The development of this neoplasm occurs from the cells of muscle tissue, the regulation of the functioning of which is provided by humoral factors and the nervous system. Smooth muscle cells are widely distributed throughout the body and make a significant contribution to the functioning of the body. In this regard, the development of fibroids can become a serious cause of disruption of its functioning.
Myoma
Myoma is a tumor that develops from muscle cells and has signs of a benign neoplasm. Neoplasms, depending on the origin, are divided into epithelial and connective tissue, which include fibroids.
Depending on the structure and functions performed, smooth muscle and striated cells are isolated, which are, respectively, in the cells of smooth and striated muscles. In this regard, depending on the histological structure of the tumor, leiomyomas (consisting of smooth muscle cells) and rhabdomyomas (consisting of striated cells) are isolated.
Smooth muscle cells are present in all parts of the body and are actively involved in the functioning of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary and respiratory systems. Also, these cells are present in the skin, blood vessels, genital organs and the accommodation system of the eye. The mechanism of functioning of these organs is closely related to the effect provided by the contraction of these cells. For example, spasm of blood vessels determines the regulation of blood flow, while contraction of the longitudinal and annular layers of the muscles of the gastrointestinal system determines the formation of peristaltic waves. Depending on the localization of fibroids of smooth muscle origin, the ratio of contractile proteins in cells can vary significantly (for example, when localized in the vascular bed, desmin is practically absent in smooth muscle tissue neoplasms). This, first of all, will affect their functioning. However, this cannot be considered cellular atypia as the cell remains muscular.
The cells of the striated muscle are an important basis of the skeletal-motor system, thanks to which voluntary and involuntary movements are possible. Also, these cells are part of the myocardium, due to which its pumping function, tongue, pharynx and other organs is possible.
To a large extent, the frequency of localization of one or another benign tumor of smooth muscle origin in the body is determined by the distribution of muscle tissue. Thus, fibroids of smooth muscle origin are quite often found in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts, while they are much less common in the skin and deep soft tissues. According to a study conducted by A. G. Farman, which was based on the study of 7748 leiomyomas, approximately 95% of them were observed in the female reproductive system, while the rest were scattered throughout the body - skin, gastrointestinal tract, bladder. Since the study was based on the received surgical material, there is a high probability of the existence of a large number of undetected asymptomatic tumors in the organs of the digestive and genitourinary systems. Thus, it can be concluded that the incidence of fibroids (with the exception of those affecting the genitourinary system in women) is quite low.
Most often, rhabdomyomas are localized in the tongue and heart, but can be localized in other parts of the body.
In children, there is a huge number of both superficial and deep located tumors of connective tissue origin, among which hamartomas, inflammatory tumors, reactive proliferative tumors and benign or malignant neoplasms can be distinguished, affecting boys and girls with approximately the same frequency.
Children's connective tissue neoplasms, which include fibroids, differ from adult tumors in frequency, localization, histological type, and prognosis. In addition, benign tumor processes are predominant, while only 7-10% of connective tissue tumors are malignant.
It is often difficult to determine what caused tissue atypia - a true neoplasm or a developmental disorder. At the same time, there are only a few documented cases of fetal rhabdomyomas in history. Also, even benign tumors can significantly affect the lives of children under 10 years of age.
In the course of numerous observations, it was found that neoplasms from skeletal muscles in children are much more common than from smooth muscle tissue. So, they make up about 13% of connective tissue formations in this age group and, in addition, have the highest probability of malignancy (about 98%).
Rhabdomyoma is a relatively rare benign muscle tumor that occurs most frequently in children under 3 years of age. As a rule, the predominant localization of these fibroids in the head and neck at a depth of the dermis or subcutaneous fatty tissue. A biopsy can identify immature muscle fibers with multiple nuclei and transverse striation. If cellular atypia and hypercellularity are detected, then they speak of rhabdomyosarcoma (malignant neoplasm).
Heart fibroids are the most common primary cardiac tumor in children and adolescents. In most cases, there is an association with tuberous sclerosis, which is a rare multisystem genetic disease in which there is an increase in benign neoplasms in vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, liver, eyes, lungs, and skin. Symptoms of tuberous sclerosis include seizures, cognitive decline, developmental delay, behavioral problems, and skin, lung, and kidney problems. Tuberous sclerosis is caused by a mutation in one or two specific genes that code for tuberin, a protein that acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Also, with this disease, there is a possibility of regression of the tumor neoplasm, up to complete disappearance.
Fibroids formed from striated tissue can become malignant with the development of rhabdomyosarcomas.
It is also possible for children to develop leiomyomas, or myomas from smooth muscle tissue, but this is a very rare occurrence.
Myoma in adults
As a rule, due to the high prevalence of myomas of smooth muscle origin with localization in the uterus, it can be said that leiomyomas in adults are much more common than rhabdomyomas.
However, fibroids of smooth muscle origin are not only found in the genitals. They are also the most common benign neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and extrahepatic biliary tract. They may also be located in the skin, abdominal cavity, or retroperitoneum. With large fibroids, symptoms are often associated with a violation of the patency of the organ in which they are located.
In adults, fibroids of striated origin are the most common type of extracardiac rhabdomyoma (while cardiac is typical for childhood), but it is still quite rare.
Cardiac rhabdomyoma most often occurs in association with tuberous sclerosis in childhood and tends to regress. Rarely seen in adults
Most often, extracardiac rhabdomyoma affects adults over 40 years old, mostly at the age of 60 years. In men, this neoplasm occurs 3-4 times more often. The tumor is most often represented by rounded masses in the head and neck, sometimes causing pain. More commonly, extracardiac rhabdomyoma compresses or displaces the tongue, and may also protrude into the pharynx or larynx, often leading to upper airway and digestive tract obstruction. This is usually a slow process that develops over many years.
In rare cases, extracardiac rhabdomyoma has a different localization. As a rule, these tumors are located singly, however, in about 20% of cases, a multifocal character can be observed. According to statistics, tumors are well defined. The size of fibroids varies from 0.5 to 10 cm (average 3 cm).
Myoma in women
A typical type of fibroids in women is leiomyoma with localization in the uterus, which accounts for more than 90% of all cases of this diagnosed benign tumor process. In women, according to various sources, uterine fibroids occur in 50% of cases (according to pathoanatomical studies). This is a rather serious medical problem due to the possibility of developing possible complications.
The most susceptible to the development of uterine fibroids women aged 40 years:
- not having children;
- with early menarche;
- with high blood pressure;
- with lipid metabolism disorders;
- with the presence of this pathological process in relatives, which indicates the role of hereditary predisposition.
According to a large number of statistical data, factors that reduce the likelihood of developing uterine fibroids include:
- menopause - accompanied by a decrease in the size of fibroids;
- smoking - an inverse relationship was found between smoking and the growth of a benign neoplasm, which may be associated with lower body weight;
- regular physical activity, which reduces the concentration of sex hormones and insulin, which have a positive effect on the proliferation of myometrial cells;
- consumption of green vegetables and fish.
According to statistics, fibroids during pregnancy occur in 5-10% of cases. In 50% of cases, the age of pregnant women with this pathology is 20-30 years, and in 30% - 30-35 years. The duration of pregnancy in patients with fibroids averages from 37 to 40 weeks.
As a rule, many women are concerned about whether it is possible to become pregnant with fibroids. This is due, first of all, to information on the Internet about possible complications. According to statistics, perinatal fetal mortality, if the mother has a single small fibroid during pregnancy, does not increase. However, in cases where patients have several large fibroids, as well as when implanting a fetal egg in the area of \u200b\u200bmyomas, the likelihood of:
- spontaneous abortion with the development of miscarriage (15% more common than in patients without fibroids, and the localization, size and number of neoplasms do not affect the frequency of preterm birth);
- placental abruption with the development of severe bleeding;
- placenta accreta;
- increasing the contractility of the uterus in violation of its coordination properties.
In this regard, patients with fibroids require more careful monitoring.
Sometimes fibroids during pregnancy increase against the background of an increase in the amount of estrogen and progesterone in the blood. Although there is an opinion that the increase in the size of fibroids during pregnancy may be due to the relative stretching of the walls of the uterus. Also, often, during pregnancy, there may be a decrease in the size of the neoplasm against the background of tissue necrosis, which can manifest itself:
- pain in the affected area;
- increased tone of the uterus;
- fever;
- inflammatory changes in the general blood test.
Promotion of the child through the natural birth canal is normally carried out due to well-coordinated contractions of the smooth muscles of the uterus. Therefore, large uterine fibroids during pregnancy can reduce the strength of contractions due to a violation of the sequence of contraction of smooth muscle fibers. Due to the discoordination of labor, there is a risk of developing severe fetal hypoxia, which can cause severe complications, even death.
With large fibroids after the birth of a child, the likelihood of bleeding from the site of attachment of the placenta after its separation increases, which is associated with a violation of uterine contraction. Also, with placenta accreta, against the background of severe postpartum bleeding, there may be a need to remove the uterus.
Myoma and ovarian cyst
A cyst is a cavity in an organ, usually filled with fluid. Depending on the structure, true (lined with epithelium) and false cysts are distinguished. True ones are, as a rule, innate, while false ones are acquired. Often, cysts are localized in the myoma and are caused by degenerative changes in this benign formation. The process by which fibroids break down to form cysts is called cystic degeneration.
In about 30% of cases, follicular cysts are found, the formation of which is associated with a normal menstrual cycle. In most cases, this type of cyst does not have clinical manifestations, and therefore their detection occurs by chance. Usually after 2-3 menstrual cycles they undergo resorption. However, like fibroids, an ovarian cyst can be a tumor in nature. So, a smooth-walled serous cystadenoma, represented by a single-chamber cavity with signs of pathological tissue proliferation, can strongly resemble a follicular cyst.
In such situations, ultrasound should be performed to make a differential diagnosis. Thus, several partitions are more common inside cystadenomas and the content is heterogeneous, while follicular cysts are single-chamber with homogeneous content. Conducting differential diagnosis is of great importance, since it is based on the tactics of treating the disease. So, if the cyst is retention, then conservative treatment is chosen. If the cyst, like a fibroid, is of a tumor origin, even if of a benign nature, possible complications and the likelihood of malignancy determine the preference for surgical intervention. At the same time, fibroids become malignant only in 0.1% of cases. Often this process is associated with fast-growing or very large neoplasms.
Along with endometriosis and congenital anomalies in the development of the genital organs, fibroids and ovarian cysts are fairly common factors that affect fertility. As a rule, this is due to the fact that a large uterine fibroid can cause compression of the fallopian tubes with a violation of the migration of the fetal egg into the uterine cavity. Also, with a significant change in the shape of the uterus, implantation of the ovum into the endometrium may be disrupted. At the same time, an ovarian cyst leads to infertility, usually when an infection is attached or through the development of hormonal disorders.
A small myoma and ovarian cyst, in most cases, proceed without external manifestations, being detected, as a rule, on an instrumental examination.
However, sometimes the symptoms of fibroids and ovarian cysts can overlap and present:
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- visual enlargement of the abdominal cavity;
- symptoms of impaired functioning of the intestines and bladder (usually with large neoplasms or cavities).
The appearance of rhabdomyoma in the elderly is very rare. Currently, there are only a few officially registered cases.
Fibroids of smooth muscle origin with localization in the uterus after menopause undergo degenerative changes. So, today, the approximate incidence of uterine fibroids in perimenopausal women is 6.2 patients per 1000 patients. Also, after the onset of menopause, in 90% of cases, there is a decrease in the risk of developing uterine fibroids. If uterine fibroids are already present, their size decreases due to hormonal changes. This is primarily due to the high sensitivity of fibroids to hormonal stimuli.
Fibroids of smooth muscle origin with localization in the large intestine can undergo malignancy, but this happens very rarely, since epithelial tumors occupy leading positions in the structure of malignant neoplasms of the small and large intestines.
Types of fibroids
Rhabdomyomas, depending on the origin, are divided into:
- cardiac;
- extracardiac.
Extracardiac, in turn, are divided into three types:
- adult;
- fetal;
- genital.
Fibroids of smooth muscle origin, depending on tissue atypia, are divided into:
- leiomyoma (smooth muscle fibers predominate);
- fibromyoma (along with smooth muscle, the tumor contains a large number of connective tissue fibers).
Uterine fibroids can vary widely depending on size, location, number, and position relative to the uterine wall. As a rule, this often affects the external manifestations of the disease.
The uterus normally consists of:
- perimetry (serous membrane);
- myometrium (consisting of three layers);
- endometrium (mucous membrane);
- cervix.
In this regard, depending on the layer in which the node is predominantly localized, fibroids are subserous, interstitial, submucosal and, sometimes, on a separate leg.
Subserous myoma
Subserous fibroids develop on the outer part of the uterine wall. In this regard, as the size of the neoplasm increases, the compression on the surrounding organs increases. Due to the fact that the endometrium and fibroids do not contact directly, the symptoms of this type of neoplasm are distinguished by the absence of manifestations from the endometrium, compared with benign myometrial formations of other localization.
Subserous fibroids can be either on a wide base or connected to the uterus through a thin stalk. In some cases, this type of neoplasm can completely detach, remaining in the space surrounding the uterus.
Intramural myoma
Intramural fibroids usually form in the wall of the uterus and expand from there. This type of fibroids is the most common. As a rule, with an increase in intramural fibroids, an increase in the external dimensions of the uterus occurs, due to which this can be mistakenly associated with pregnancy or increased body weight. It is with this type of fibroids that the symptoms characteristic of them are associated.
Submucosal
Submucosal fibroids are the least common type of benign neoplasm of the myometrium. As a rule, the normal myometrium is practically not involved in the process, and therefore the contractile function is practically not disturbed. At the same time, a large fibroid can occupy almost the entire uterine cavity, block the fallopian tubes and seriously affect sexual function. Although, with a small size of the neoplasm, no symptoms may develop.
Myoma of the cervix
Often, fibroids can develop in the lower part or cervix. However, they are often accompanied by fibroids elsewhere. A large fibroid of this localization almost always causes compression of the urinary tract, and also prolapses through the vagina. Sometimes there is an infringement of the node with the development of infection, bleeding and pain.
Myomas of other localization
Fibroids of other locations and their manifestations vary widely. As a rule, depending on the localization, the signs of fibroids can be determined by the size and degenerative processes in these benign neoplasms.
In a special group, smooth muscle tumors with primary localization in the skin should be distinguished, which is accompanied by severe pain. As a rule, they are often localized in the genital area.
The most characteristic signs of myometrial fibroids with localization in the body of the uterus are:
- disorders associated with the menstrual cycle (which include excessive menstrual bleeding and an increase in the duration of menstruation);
- signs of compression of adjacent organs (accompanied by a feeling of pressure and pelvic pain).
Symptoms of subserous fibroids, as a rule, are not associated with menstrual irregularities, however, if localized in the fallopian tubes, the tumor can affect the development of pregnancy. Much more often there are signs of compression of the organs located in the small pelvis, however, for this, the size of the neoplasm should become significant.
How does the size of fibroids affect the clinical picture?
The size of the fibroid has a significant impact on the clinical picture of the disease. This is also due to the fact that the pelvic organs are located inside the bone ring, and therefore, as the neoplasm increases, a significant narrowing of the lumen of the hollow organs and vessels occurs.
Also, often, as the fibroid node increases, the vessels do not keep up with the increase in tissue mass. This leads to ischemia with the development of necrosis of muscle fibers in the neoplasm, which leads to the formation of cavities inside the fibroids. This process is called degeneration. In the future, with age, calcification of the myomatous node occurs, which is often determined by ultrasound or radiography.
With small neoplasms, the signs of fibroids, for the most part, are determined by the localization of the tumor and, as a rule, are most often manifested when localized in the area of the corners and lower parts of the uterus, as well as a large number of nodes.
Signs of a large fibroid appear quite often and are characterized by:
- increased urination as pressure on the bladder increases;
- partial compression of the ureters (usually the right one);
- complete obstruction of the urethra due to the displacement of the bladder upward and compression of the neck of the bladder;
- compression of the sigmoid or rectum, which is manifested by constipation and mechanical obstruction;
- chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities and thrombosis.
Symptoms of fibroids have clinical manifestations in less than half of those suffering from this disease, and therefore they are detected by chance. However, in some cases there are still external manifestations of the process.
External signs of fibroids, in most cases, are associated with impaired reproductive functions (changes in the menstrual cycle or infertility). Also, with an increase in the size of the fibroid node, a visual increase in the lower abdomen is possible, as well as compression of the surrounding tissues.
Are fibroids always represented by a node
In most cases, a single fibroid node can be found that is clearly demarcated from normal myometrial tissue, although it does not have a separate capsule. Its presence is mandatory for the interstitial type of the disease.
With submucosal and subserous types of the pathological process, the development of the disease in the form of a pedunculated node, which looks like a polyp, is possible. However, even in this case, there is a node, but it is not enclosed in the wall.
Many pregnant women are concerned about whether it is possible to give birth through the natural birth canal with fibroids. This is due to the possible influence of education on pregnancy (the presence of the likelihood of placenta accreta and other possible complications).
It is possible to answer whether it is possible to give birth on your own with myoma, only by evaluating a specific clinical case, since the size, location, number and previous surgical interventions on the uterus can significantly affect the course of the birth process.
When there was no removal operation
If the fibroid is not removed, take into account the possibility of independent childbirth, and also identify the main contraindications to them. This is of great importance due to the fact that often pregnancy in the presence of a neoplasm in the uterine wall is accompanied by the development of breech presentation, advanced age, history of infertility, placental insufficiency and unpreparedness of the body for childbirth. These factors are an indication for therapy aimed at compensating for emerging disorders, and they are also contraindicated for vaginal delivery, even in women without fibroids.
In some cases, patients undergo surgery to remove fibroids already during pregnancy. This is due to both the adverse effect of the neoplasm on the fetus and the growing symptoms of compression of the pelvic organs. Myomectomy in this situation is carried out at 16-19 weeks (due to the favorable effect of progesterone on the fetus and its development) is one of the measures aimed at maintaining pregnancy.
Often, when the fibroids are not removed and there are no direct indications for delivery by caesarean section, except for the presence of fibroids, the determining factor is its size and localization.
So, with large sizes and cervical localization of fibroids, an obstacle is created for the natural birth process, which, combined with the likelihood of developing discoordination of labor, creates indications for delivery through surgical intervention.
If the fibroid is not removed, has a small size, is located intramurally, then, if the pregnant woman is younger than 35 years old and there are no other pathologies, delivery through the natural birth canal can be performed. However, the decision on whether it is possible to give birth without a caesarean section with myoma should be determined by the doctor, since he has the necessary knowledge and is able to adequately assess the specific clinical situation.
The tactics of childbirth when the fibroid is removed is also determined in accordance with the specific clinical situation. The volume of surgical intervention to remove fibroids has the greatest influence on the choice of a particular solution. So, after the removal of subserous or submucosal forms of benign neoplasms of the myometrium, it is possible to preserve the bulk of the muscular layer of the uterus. This during childbirth will allow you to maintain the coordination of labor.
However, after removal of intramural fibroids, there is a high risk of damage to the uterine myometrium over a large part of the muscle layer (as a rule, with large fibroids that grow through the entire thickness of the wall). After the operation, damaged muscle tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue that does not have the ability to contract. Also, during an increase in the uterus during pregnancy, the reaction of the connective tissue in the scar area is different compared to the initially existing muscle tissue.
Thus, during childbirth after removal of fibroids in the area of the damaged wall, not only the contractility of the myometrium is disturbed, but there is also a risk of uterine rupture. This creates the prerequisites for delivery by caesarean section. However, in the absence of contraindications, delivery through the natural birth canal is still possible.
Fibroids treatment
The treatment of fibroids is carried out by a specialist in close cooperation with the patient. So, after a thorough physical and instrumental examination, the patient is told about the disease, its course, possible outcomes and methods of treatment.
Treatment of fibroids, as well as almost any pathological process, depending on the methods used, is divided into:
- conservative;
- surgical (includes methods of direct impact on the neoplasm in order to remove or destroy it).
Surgical treatment of fibroids is the most appropriate, as it almost always allows you to get rid of the symptoms of the disease and its associated complications. However, if there are no external manifestations at the time when the fibroid is detected, the operation can be delayed indefinitely, subject to regular monitoring of the course of the disease (visiting a gynecologist, performing an ultrasound scan and the level of tumor markers in the blood).
Often, before the operation is performed, the myoma is subjected to preliminary drug exposure in order to:
- deterioration in the blood supply to the myometrium, followed by a decrease in the size of the neoplasm;
- obtaining the possibility of endoscopic intervention;
- reduction of intraoperative bleeding, which favorably affects the transfer of traumatic effects.
Thus, preoperative preparation greatly facilitates the removal of fibroids, but there is also a side effect. Its manifestation is associated with tissue compaction around the node in the myometrium, which makes it difficult to exfoliate a benign neoplasm during surgery.
Surgery to remove fibroids is indicated for:
- profuse bleeding from the genital tract, which leads to severe anemia that cannot be compensated by taking medications;
- constant pain in the lower abdomen - severe algomenorrhea, dyspareunia;
- disruption of the organs located near the uterus;
- twist the legs of the fibroids or infringement of the node that has fallen out of the neck;
- urinary tract obstruction;
- rapid growth of uterine fibroids in a woman of childbearing age;
- any growth of fibroids in menopause;
- infertility;
- gigantic fibroids.
If the patient has not previously had a pregnancy and a fibroid is found, an operation to remove it is recommended. So, with submucosal localization of the neoplasm, a hysteroscopic myomectomy is performed. At the same time, with myomas of other localization, conservative myomectomy is performed.
An operation to remove fibroids during a planned pregnancy can be recommended as a preventive measure even before it occurs. This is primarily due to the likelihood of developing complications associated with the myomatous node. However, surgical removal of fibroids is not always required, which is especially important when alternative methods of treatment are possible.
The localization and size of the fibroids for surgery influence the choice of method for removing or, if there are contraindications, reducing the myomatous node. However, there are often contraindications for conservative treatment.
Surgical intervention should be preferred over alternative treatments for:
- gigantic size of the node;
- pregnancy for more than 25 weeks;
- nodes on the leg;
- submucosal nodes, larger than 5 cm.
For the operation, the size of the fibroids is not always decisive, although it has a significant impact on the choice of treatment tactics. This is due to the fact that even small tumors can lead to pronounced symptoms when located in certain parts of the uterus.
Currently, surgical treatment of fibroids allows the removal of both small and large tumors with a minimally pronounced effect on the patient's health. As a rule, there is no agreement on the size of the myomatous node, in which the operation is necessarily indicated. Rather, when deciding on the choice of surgical treatment, preference is given to external manifestations and possible complications of the disease.
Is surgery always indicated for large fibroids?
If the patient has a large size of fibroids, then for the operation, in most cases, there are already indications associated with compression of the pelvic organs or pain. However, if the patient has a severe general condition not associated with myoma, which interferes with the operation, and the symptoms of the tumor are mild, it is possible to conduct conservative therapy for the period of compensation for impaired functions.
When determining the indications for the removal of a large tumor, the time during which the fibroid has reached a large size is also taken into account. And, the faster the disease develops, the more surgical intervention is required.
Surgery to remove fibroids, depending on the specific clinical situation and the equipment used, are of the following types:
- hysterectomy;
- abdominal myomectomy;
- laparoscopic myomectomy;
- hysteroscopic myomectomy;
- laparoscopic vaginal myomectomy;
- laparoscopic myomectomy with mini-laparotomy;
- robotic myomectomy;
- myolysis;
- embolization of the uterine arteries.
A hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. Due to the traumatic nature of the operation, it is required:
- use of general anesthesia;
- 4-6 weeks for recovery.
However, this operation makes further pregnancy impossible, and therefore the choice of this volume of surgical intervention should be justified.
Abdominal myomectomy differs from laparoscopic one in access features. So, in the first case, a laparotomy is performed, while in the second case, laparoscopic equipment is used. For laparoscopic surgery, the size of the fibroids should be small. The undoubted advantages of high-tech operations are a good cosmetic effect and low trauma of surgical intervention, which has a positive effect on the recovery of the body after removal of fibroids. However, with the laparoscopic technique, it is not always possible to completely remove fibroids, and therefore it is necessary to switch to an open operation.
With hysteroscopic myomectomy, the removal of fibroids is carried out using a hysteroscope inserted through the vagina and cervix into its cavity. The advantage of this operation is a good cosmetic effect and a high recovery rate, however, its implementation is limited by the submucosal localization of the neoplasm.
Laparoscopic myomectomy with minilaparotomy is a combination of open and laparoscopic techniques and allows the removal of large fibroids that are difficult or impossible to remove with a laparoscope.
Robotic myomectomy is similar to laparoscopic, but technically more complex. The advantages of this technique are high visibility and equipment accuracy.
Myolysis is called a laparoscopic procedure, which is based on the direct impact on the myoma node of radio frequency energy (electric current or laser), which leads to the destruction of the fibroids. Obstruction of the feeding vessels is also carried out in order to disrupt nutrition. A similar procedure using liquid nitrogen is called cryomyolysis.
Embolization of the uterine arteries can significantly affect the myoma without traditional surgery, as it is carried out by endovascular intervention under X-ray control. This method of treatment is based on the development of local blood flow disorders by introducing embolizing drugs into the arteries supplying the node. This leads to partial necrosis of the myomatous node and a significant decrease in its size. Complications associated with this method of treatment may develop with the development of circulatory disorders of the ovaries or other organs.
The likelihood of recurrence after removal of fibroids
Unfortunately, even after surgical removal of fibroids, there is a fairly high risk of recurrence. Single fibroids are removed intraoperatively in 65% of patients, while in other patients the number of benign neoplasms varies widely.
According to studies conducted by foreign scientists, the likelihood of a relapse over 10 years is 20%, that is, every fifth patient is affected. Much more often, fibroids developed repeatedly with a large number of nodes and a family history of the disease.
However, protective factors are also known. Thus, the use of oral contraceptives after myomectomy significantly reduced the recurrence rate.
Like any surgical intervention, the removal of fibroids can be accompanied by the development of various complications. This is due to the fact that any operation is accompanied, as a rule, by damage not only to pathologically altered tissues, but also to healthy ones.
The operation to remove fibroids can be complicated:
- Excessive blood loss
In many women, surgery is already performed against the background of severe anemia caused by prolonged menstrual bleeding, and therefore the likelihood of complications in such patients is much higher.
- Scar tissue and adhesive disease
Adhesions can form both inside the abdominal cavity and inside the uterus, leading to reduced fertility, and therefore laparoscopic intervention should be preferred whenever possible.
- Impact on pregnancy and childbirth
In addition to increasing the likelihood of rupture of the body of the uterus directly during childbirth, the risk of removal of the uterus due to uncontrolled bleeding also increases.
- The likelihood of expanding the scope of the operation to hysterectomy (complete removal of the uterus);
- tumor spread
Very rarely, a malignant neoplasm is taken as a true myomatous node, which, due to the neglect of the rules of ablastic surgery during surgery, contributes to the dissemination of the process; as a rule, the likelihood of developing such a complication correlates with the age of the woman.
Remedy for getting rid of fibroids without surgery
Most patients, due to the fear of surgery, are interested in what remedies for fibroids without surgery can be used for treatment. As a rule, such an approach in the treatment of the disease is called conservative and includes:
- expectant tactics;
- taking medications.
Expectant management is possible in the complete absence of symptoms and the woman's fear of invasive manipulations. Also, expectant management is often carried out to clarify the condition and determine indications for taking medications or surgical treatment.
Currently, the most effective medication for fibroids is hormonal therapy, which includes taking low- and micro-dose oral contraceptives, progestogens, and releasing GnRH. However, their use has a temporary effect, since after stopping their intake, the size of the fibroids returns to its previous values.
Also, with fibroids that are accompanied by symptoms, tranexamic acid (Lysteda), which has a non-hormonal nature, can be used. As a rule, this drug can significantly relieve the symptoms that accompany heavy bleeding during menstruation.
It should be remembered that if treatment is carried out only with drugs and without surgery, the fibroids will not completely disappear, however, a significant decrease in its size is possible against the background of successful therapy. It should also be borne in mind that in postmenopause there is a natural degradation of this benign neoplasm.
Currently, the non-invasive technique of FUS-ablation of myomatous nodes is becoming more widespread. With this method of treatment, fibroids without surgery are subjected to destructive influences. This method of treatment is based on a focused effect on the myoma by ultrasound. As a rule, subject to all the necessary conditions, necrosis occurs in the area of the myomatous node, reducing its size. In some cases, it is possible to achieve almost complete degradation of the formation, but this is possible only with small intramural fibroids.
However, the use of this method for the treatment of fibroids is significantly limited due to the narrow range of indications.
A folk remedy for the treatment of fibroids is of great interest to women due to the high prevalence of the disease and the almost complete absence of alternatives for recovery without resorting to surgical methods. On the Internet, there are a huge number of positive reviews discrediting the quick and painless disposal of fibroids.
Folk remedies for the treatment of fibroids can include both various types of homeopathic therapy, and be associated with hirudotherapy. As a rule, in some cases, there may be an effect associated with improving well-being and alleviating the symptoms of the disease, however, there is practically no positive dynamics in the treatment of the underlying pathological process.
At present, alternative treatment of fibroids is not generally recognized, since more effective means are available, the mechanism of action of which is known, and the effect is proven (for example, hormone therapy). If there is no effect from conservative treatment, methods aimed at the destruction of fibroids or the removal of the uterus are successfully used.
In February 2013, a study was published investigating how effective the folk treatment for fibroids with the use of the triceps was. However, this clinical trial was isolated and, along with a temporary positive effect on the size of fibroids (which was not confirmed), more than half of the cases had side effects, such as abdominal discomfort, nausea, hot flashes and decreased appetite. In order to speak with confidence about the effectiveness of treatment, a number of studies are required.
In this regard, one should not blindly believe the promises of traditional medicine and, if a disease is detected, it is better to consult a doctor and not self-medicate.
Every Tuesday, AiF Health explains what signs might indicate that you need to see a doctor. This week we tell you what uterine fibroids are, whether this disease can be avoided and how to treat it.
Not as simple as it seems
This is exactly what the chief obstetrician-gynecologist of Russia, the head of the Department of Operative Gynecology of the Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Leila Adamyan, said about myoma.
It happens that this benign tumor has no symptoms and can only be detected by ultrasound. If she does not bother and does not manifest herself in any way, you just need to be regularly observed by a gynecologist.But still, in most cases, fibroids manifest themselves in the form of debilitating bleeding and severe pain in the lower abdomen. Overgrown myomatous nodes can compress neighboring organs and cause infertility.
Operation or therapy?
In the arsenal of gynecologists - surgery and hormonal therapy.
Of course, an operation to remove the uterus is the only way to radically solve the problem. Which, for obvious reasons, the vast majority of women are unlikely to agree to. And yet ... In Russia, out of a million operations for uterine fibroids, 800 thousand end in a hysterectomy (amputation of the uterus).
There are also more gentle methods. This is a myomectomy (a procedure to remove myomatous nodes that allows you to save the uterus) and embolization of the uterine artery - when special microscopic particles introduced into the arteries block blood flow to the myomatous nodes, which leads to their reduction. However, both methods have a drawback - a high risk of relapse.
The task of hormonal therapy is to establish control over uterine bleeding and reduce the size of myomatous nodes. The development of fibroids causes progesterone, stimulating excessive cell division in the tumor. Hormonal drugs suppress its production, but at the same time cause a number of severe side effects. A woman feels like she is in menopause: hot flashes appear, the condition of the skin and hair worsens, bones become brittle.Today, experts offer a new drug for the treatment of fibroids, based on a fundamentally different mechanism of action. It accelerates the death of old tumor cells and inhibits the development of new ones. At the same time, the level of estradiol remains at the level of the middle follicular phase, so the patient does not experience menopausal phenomena. It is prescribed only to women with pronounced symptoms: with heavy bleeding, growth of fibroids, and multiple nodes, as well as those who are recommended for surgery to stop bleeding and cope with anemia. In some cases, this is an opportunity to avoid surgery or at least replace it with a more gentle one - laparoscopic.
Can tumors be avoided?
The exact causes of uterine fibroids have not yet been established. However, scientists know several factors that affect the development of the tumor. And first of all we are talking about hormonal imbalance, dysfunction of the ovaries.
Childless women are 2 times more likely to suffer from this disease than those who have become mothers.Fibroids often develop in women who have had abortions. “Abortion disrupts the entire reproductive process, it’s endometrial poisoning. As a result, immune disorders occur,” says Leyla Adamyan.
Stress and ecology play their role: fibroids are more common in urban women than in rural areas. What happens in the life of a modern woman? Divorces, repairs, work - this is the soil for the development of fibroids.
However, family history cannot be discounted: if a mother or sister has a fibroid, then the risk of developing it in this family increases.
And in order to protect yourself from fibroids, according to Leyla Adamyan, you should get married, give birth to children, live with your loved one. Of all the means of prevention, these are perhaps the most pleasant.
Last Tuesday AiF Health told,