What is a hemangioma on a child’s head? Capillary hemangioma in a child: observe or remove? Cryotherapy of hemangiomas in children
Hemangioma is a congenital benign tumor formed as a result of the rapid growth of vascular cells. A dense red formation, shaped like a mole, appears on the skin, subcutaneous layer or internal organs during fetal development or in the first weeks after birth. Skin hemangioma cannot appear for the first time in adults. It is always congenital in nature; it develops under the skin for a certain period of time, but under the influence of unfavorable factors it can begin to grow rapidly and come to the surface.
Causes of hemangioma in adults
Most scientists classify hemangioma as a congenital disease. The reasons for its appearance are associated with disturbances in the intrauterine development of the vascular system, in particular, abnormal growth of vascular tissue.
Small spots that appear in infancy may increase in size over time. The presence of skin hemangioma growth in adults is provoked by a number of the following factors:
- diseases that cause disturbances in blood flow and vascular function;
- frequent microtrauma of hemangiomas;
- frequent and strong exposure to ultraviolet radiation (open sun, solarium);
- hypothermia;
- unfavorable environmental conditions (high levels of radiation, living near hazardous industries);
- strong anxiety, stressful situations.
If an adult develops a formation that looks similar to a hemangioma, but has not previously shown signs of the disease, it is necessary to undergo a thorough diagnosis.
Signs of the disease and types of hemangiomas
Hemangioma can be diagnosed by its characteristic features:
- visual similarity of the formation to a mole with the only difference being the color of the hemangioma is red;
- the boundaries of the tumor are clearly defined or blurred;
- the formation does not cause any unpleasant or painful sensations;
- under the influence of unfavorable factors, the hemangioma begins to grow rapidly, transforming from single elements into multiple ones and covering large areas of the skin;
- The main places of localization of hemangiomas are the head and neck; they can be found much less often on other parts of the body.
Depending on the structure and location, common types of hemangiomas are distinguished according to the following characteristics:
- Capillary - a soft tumor of red or dark red color with a bluish tint and clearly defined boundaries located on the surface of the skin. When pressed, the tumor turns pale, after which it returns to its original shade.
- Cellular - a tumor consisting of angioblasts. Infants are susceptible to developing this type of tumor immediately after birth.
- Cavernous is a tumor that is similar to capillary hemangioma in color and size, but differs in structure. It consists of many individual lobes formed as a result of blood clotting. In most cases, this type of hemangioma is localized on the skin of the head or neck.
- Combined - the formation combines two types of hemangiomas - capillary and cavernous.
- Racemic is a tumor with irregularly defined boundaries and shapes, growing preferentially on the skin of the head and neck. The formation is based on twisted large vessels.
There are also hemangiomas that grow on the surface of internal organs - the liver, esophagus, and vertebral discs. In such cases, there is a high risk of internal bleeding, and it is quite difficult to recognize the tumor.
Cutaneous hemangiomas – should they be treated or not?
Hemangioma is not a malignant formation and its cells do not metastasize to surrounding tissues, but this does not mean that it does not need to be treated. Tumor growth can lead to consequences that negatively affect health. The most serious of them are:
Is something bothering you? Illness or life situation?
- Disruption of the functioning of organs and systems located near the tumor. For example, localization of a hemangioma in the neck and growth into internal tissues can cause breathing problems. A tumor located on the wall of a vessel can interfere with blood flow and lead to blockage.
- Damage to the external hemangioma. Frequent trauma to the tumor (tear or scratch) leads to minor bleeding. Also, if the upper layer of the hemangioma is damaged, there is a high risk of infection entering the wound, which, with weakened immunity and certain diseases (for example, diabetes), begins to progress rapidly.
- Reduced blood clotting. The appearance of a hemangioma on the wall of a vessel is perceived by the body’s defense system as a foreign intervention. To the site of tumor formation, the immune system begins to direct flows of platelets and proteins involved in coagulation from the entire body. This process leads to a decrease in coagulation rates, and with even minor traumatic effects on other tissues, the body does not have enough strength to fight the infection.
- Emotional discomfort. It occurs mainly in women when hemangiomas grow in prominent places (for example, face, neck, hands).
- Hemangioma must be treated if its growth carries a risk of complications, and the doctor does not see contraindications that relate to chronic diseases or pathological processes developing in the body.
Treatment methods for hemangiomas
Treatment of skin hemangioma in adults is carried out through surgery using invasive and non-invasive methods. Depending on the indications, the tumor can be removed in one of the following ways:
- Laser destruction – a non-invasive method in which the nutrition and growth of the tumor is stopped by a high-energy pulse.
- Sclerotherapy– an injection method in which a special drug is injected into the formation, which has a gluing effect on the overgrown vessels. The technique is used in cases where hemangiomas are located on the skin in close proximity to the eyes and in other places where the use of a laser is contraindicated.
- Cryotherapy – removal of the tumor by exposing it to liquid nitrogen.
- Electrocoagulation – a method of cauterizing hemangioma with high-frequency electric current. After surgery, a dry crust forms at the location of the tumor, which must be treated with antiseptics. After healing, it disappears and a slightly pink scar forms on the skin, which over time acquires the same shade as the skin.
- Excision of hemangioma – is carried out in cases where the formation has grown deeply into the internal tissues. The tumor is excised along with a certain amount of nearby tissue and sent for histological examination to confirm the nature of its origin. After surgery, a scar remains at the site of excision of the hemangioma.
Do you have a question? Ask it to us!
Feel free to ask your questions right here on the site.
The treatment method for hemangioma should be determined by the doctor. The use of folk remedies without his consent is unacceptable, as it can lead to unpleasant consequences - intensive tumor growth, burns, and bleeding.
Which are formed from vascular tissues, often appear in newborns and older children. As a rule, the cause of hemangioma is anomalies in the embryonic development of the vascular system.
Externally, the tumor appears bluish or purplish-red, slightly raised above the skin, or as a flat spot. Such tumors tend to bleed and actively increase in size.
According to statistics, hemangiosal formations are diagnosed in 1-3% of newborn babies and in every 10 children in the first 12 months of life, and girls are the owners of such formations two to three times more often than boys.
Although the tumor is not malignant, it can grow deeper, damaging surrounding organs, which can have dysfunctional consequences for the child’s respiratory, visual and auditory systems.
Classification
All hemangiosal tumors are divided into 4 types:
- Capillary or simple hemangioma - it consists of a cluster of tiny capillary vessels and is localized mainly on the skin surface. Detected in 95% of cases;
Photo of capillary hemangioma on the lower eyelid of a newborn
- Cavernous– localized subcutaneously and consists of many cavities filled with blood content;
The photo clearly shows what a cavernous hemangioma looks like on a child’s face
- Combined– such a tumor has the characteristics of a simple and cavernous hemangioma, simultaneously being localized in the subcutaneous layers and on the skin;
The photo clearly shows what combined hemangioma looks like in children
- Mixed hemangiosal tumor has a multi-tissue structure and consists of lymphatic, nervous, vascular and connective tissue.
In addition, a hemangioma can be present at birth - a congenital tumor, or it can form later - an infantile hemangioma.
Causes of hemangioma in children
Hemangiovascular formations appear in infants and children for many reasons:
- Late motherhood, when a woman gives birth at a fairly mature age;
- Pathologies during pregnancy;
- Carrying twins, triplets, etc.;
- The birth of a child before the due date;
- Aggressive or unfavorable environmental environment of the pregnant woman;
- Relapse or exacerbation of an endocrine pathology in a pregnant woman;
- If in the first 6 months of bearing the baby the mother suffered from a viral infection;
- Abuse of certain medications.
How can you understand that a child has a hemangioma?
Sometimes, in terms of external signs, a hemangiosal tumor resembles a mole. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between such neoplasms. As reported above, hemangiosal tumors are detected immediately after birth or in the first six months of a baby’s life. Typically in children, hemangiosal tumors are located:
- On the scalp, mainly on the back of the head and neck;
- On the face, eye, eyelids, forehead, nose, lip and cheeks;
- On the limbs of the arms and legs, as well as on the butt, stomach and back;
- On the mucous tissues of the tongue, lips, genitals or anus;
- On bone and cranial tissues;
- On intraorganic surfaces, for example.
Photo of a flat (capillary) hemangioma on the nose of a newborn
Hemangiomas in children are characterized by two stages of development:
- Proliferative– this is the growth stage, it can last up to six months, during which time the tumor practically grows to its final parameters.
- Involutionary- This is a stage of reverse development, in half of the cases it comes to an end at the age of five. By the age of 9, 90% of children experience the end of the involutionary period. By the end of involution, the area where the hemangioma was previously located will not always be indistinguishable from healthy tissue. Sometimes small marks and scars remain in these areas.
Hemangiosal formations may rise slightly above the epithelial surface or be flush with it. The sizes of such tumors vary from 0.1 to 15 cm. When touched, they feel somewhat hotter than the surrounding surfaces.
Characteristics of education
Types of hemangiomas differ not only in structure, but also in external characteristics:
- A simple hemangioma looks like a flat, sometimes lumpy, clearly defined spot of a bluish-red hue; when you press on the capillary tumor, its color will turn pale, but will quickly return to its previous saturation after the pressure is removed;
- Cavernous varieties of hemangiomas are distinguished by their typical slightly bluish tint. With tension in the surrounding tissues or during strong crying, such a hemangioma will become brighter and a little larger, but then will again acquire its original shades and sizes;
- Combined formations combine the features of cavernous and simple hemangiomas;
- Mixed hemangiosal tumors appear depending on the predominance of a particular type of tissue.
Features of childhood tumors
Hemangioma in children may differ in progressive growth. If such a tumor is localized in the nose or eyelid, visual or respiratory functions may be impaired. In addition, such tumors are prone to ulceration, bleeding, and infection, which can lead to various complications such as lymphadenitis, etc.
Approximately ⅔ of clinical cases are characterized by hemangiogenic regression. It may take several years for complete resorption. Most tumors resolve by 7 years of age.
The fact that the formation has begun to involute is indicated by pale areas in its middle, which over time move towards the outskirts.
With early regression, no traces remain after the hemangioma, but if the tumor resolves by primary school age, then a slight trace remains in its place. If the hemangioma is characterized by congenital origin, then it acquires a chronic form and during its development does not grow particularly much and does not tend to disappear. This picture is most typical for teenagers.
How dangerous is a neoplasm?
In fact, hemangiosal tumors do not pose a danger to the child, but they are destructive.
In the process of growing deep into the tissue, the tumor can reach vital organs and lead to disruption of their functioning.
Diagnostics
For diagnostics, modern laboratory and hardware methods are used, such as:
- Dermoscopic examination;
- Ultrasound diagnostics (ultrasound);
- Angiographic examination;
- If necessary, X-ray examination and MRI are prescribed.
Treatment methods
Depends on their development and the depth of germination deep into the tissues. If such a formation is superficial, does not grow, and does not threaten the child’s health, then observational tactics are chosen.
If the tumor clearly complicates the child’s life by being located on the eyelid, near the mouth or in the respiratory tract, then it must be removed. An indication for removal is also the tendency of the formation to bleed, ulcerate, or become traumatized.
Operational
Surgical procedures are currently the most effective treatment option. Indications for such treatment are:
- The location of the tumor is in the head, anogenital zone, on the face;
- With intraocular location or localization on the oral mucosa;
- If complications occur;
- With the progressive growth of the formation, regardless of its location.
If such factors are present, tumor removal is indicated. but it should not be removed for children with severe health conditions and newborn babies. In general, removal is carried out in several ways:
- Surgical removal is indicated for large-scale tumor placement;
- Laser therapy today is considered the most effective and relatively affordable method of treating hemangios tumors. The average price of such treatment is about one and a half to two thousand rubles;
- involves freezing the vascular hemangioma with liquid nitrogen. This method cannot be used on the face;
- Sclerotherapy involves injecting a special solution into the formation, which will provoke vascular blockage and deprive the tumor of nutrition;
- Cauterization involves removing the formation by electrical action (diathermocoagulation effect);
- Radiotherapy involves irradiating the hemangioma.
If possible, removed materials are sent for histology.
Postoperative period
When the hemangiosal formation is removed, the child may be prescribed antibiotic medications. The wound must be treated daily with antiseptic agents.
Medication
In case of complicated hemangioma, medicinal treatment methods are used, involving hormonal therapy and the use. Hormonal drugs accelerate the resolving tumor processes. But such treatment does not have high rates of effectiveness, but it does have many adverse consequences.
The use of blockers like Propranolol helps reduce pressure in the vessels of the tumor, causing its nutrition to deteriorate and the tumor begins to die. This treatment is highly effective and does not cause re-formation of hemangiosal tumors.
Photos before and after treatment of vascular hemangioma in an infant using the drug timolol
Many experts recommend treating hemangioma with anti-glaucoma drops. The solution is dripped onto the tumor three times a day for a long time, but after two to three weeks of use, a clear blanching of the hemangioma is observed.
Folk remedies
Traditional healers suggest treating hemangioma with dandelion infusion, celandine, kombucha, juice of green walnuts or mumiyo and other means.
Independent use of any folk remedies, especially when treating a child, is unacceptable. Therefore, any actions of this nature necessarily require medical consultation.
Forecast
Approximately every seventh child experiences progression of hemangiosal tumors, which subsequently begin to reverse their development, lasting for years. As a result, the tumor can resolve with excellent cosmetic results, although more often a slight depigmented area or a small scar remains.
Since childhood hemangiomas are often characterized by rapid growth with accompanying complications, surgical treatment is usually used. Modern possibilities help you choose the safest and most effective treatment method for your child, which will ensure maximum results and rid your child of hemangiomas forever.
Video by Dr. Komarovsky about hemangioma in newborns:
Skin hemangioma is a benign tumor that develops from small blood vessels. Popularly, such a neoplasm is often called a “strawberry spot,” which very accurately reflects the appearance of the tumor, which looks like a soft, lobular formation of bright crimson or red color. Vascular tumor is a congenital defect and is diagnosed immediately after the baby is born.
The most active growth of the tumor is observed in the first months of a child’s life, then the development process slows down and after 5 years the tumor can regress on its own. Hemangioma differs from other benign neoplasms in its most aggressive growth; it can grow into surrounding tissues and gradually destroy them, which leads to serious cosmetic defects and other complications. In the international classification of diseases, such neoplasms of any location are designated by the ICD-10 code skin hemangioma.
The disease is quite common and, according to statistics, occurs in every 10 newborns, but skin hemangioma in adults is rarely diagnosed and in most cases, the presence of a skin defect indicates incomplete cure in childhood. This type of tumor often appears in girls and affects the face, scalp or neck. Hemangiomas can be single or multiple and have a variety of sizes - from small (2-3 mm) to simply huge. Why hemangiomas appear, what they look like and what methods are used to treat them, you will learn from our article.
Today in medicine there is no consensus on the mechanism of development of the disease and the causes of hemangiomas. What is known for certain is that the formation of a tumor causes improper formation of blood vessels during intrauterine development of the fetus. Scientists put forward dozens of theories trying to explain the mechanism of the pathology, but none of them fully covers all aspects of the disease.
However, all researchers cite tissue hypoxia (lack of oxygen), which is provoked by various pathological conditions suffered by the mother during pregnancy, as the main factor triggering tumor formation. We list the most common of them:
Externally, skin hemangioma in children looks like a bright red formation and from the moment of its appearance it goes through several stages of development:
Types of vascular tumor
Treatment methods largely depend on the structure of the tumor, its growth pattern and location. Tumor formations are divided into several types:
Photo: Simple (capillary) hemangioma
- Simple (capillary). Such hemangiomas occur in more than 90% of cases. The formations look like a bright red capillary network rising above the surface of the skin. This form is characteristic of the initial stage of the disease and is characterized by active growth and formation of new capillaries, which can grow into nearby tissues and destroy them. Capillary hemangioma of the skin considered the most dangerous and unpredictable form.
- Cavernous. This type of hemangiomas is the result of their further development. As the tumor grows and spreads, the capillaries become filled with blood and some of them rupture, causing hemorrhage into the tissue. As a result cavernous hemangioma of the skin accompanied by the formation of small, blood-filled cavities (cavities), which are lined with endothelial tissue from the inside.
- Combined. Such tumors are a transitional stage from capillary to cavernous form. In this case, the neoplasm alternates between zones of immature capillary tissue and cavernous cavities filled with blood. A tumor of this type grows slowly, only due to the formation of new capillaries, which subsequently also transform into cavities.
Symptoms
The most characteristic symptom of hemangioma is rapid growth during the first year of a child’s life. If at the birth of a baby the tumor looks like a small red dot, then very soon, in just a few weeks, it can grow to a large size.
- Capillary hemangioma. The typical location of the tumor is the head, torso, neck or extremities, but more often “strawberry spots” appear on the face. They are slightly raised above the skin, have an irregular shape, a lobulated, bumpy surface and a characteristic red or raspberry-bluish color, which depends on which vessels (arteries or veins) predominate in the formation. When pressure is applied, the surface of the hemangioma turns slightly pale, and after the pressure stops, it quickly restores its previous color. If such a spot is located on the face or any other open area of the body, it is often perceived by others as a physical defect or even deformity.
- Cavernous hemangioma is a voluminous tumor that protrudes completely or partially above the skin. In this case, the main part of the tumor may be located under the skin. The formation is painless, with a rough, swollen surface and uneven edges, which are clearly demarcated from normal skin. When pressed, the elastic and elastic structure of the hemangioma is felt; any physical stress causes blood flow to the tumor area and it immediately becomes brighter and stands out sharply against the background of healthy skin.
It is believed that if the structure of the tumor is dense, then this is a favorable sign, indicating that the “strawberry spot” will no longer grow. If its structure is soft and elastic, then the growth of the tumor will continue.
During the period of active growth, hemangioma can grow into muscles, compressing nerves and causing pain. Growing tumors in the area of the eyes, trachea, and ears are especially dangerous, since by squeezing the tissues, they cause disorders of hearing, vision, breathing and swallowing functions.
Diagnosis of skin hemangioma is carried out by a specialist based on a visual examination, instrumental and laboratory tests. If necessary, a biopsy will be taken from the patient and referred for consultation to other specialists (surgeon, oncologist, hematologist).
If surgery is planned, ultrasound, CT or MRI are additionally prescribed. These methods will allow you to accurately determine the size, density of the tumor and the depth of its location under the skin.
Photo: Treatment of skin hemangioma in adults and children
Skin hemangiomas, especially those that are prone to rapid growth and progression, are tried to be removed as soon as possible. For this, different methods are used. Let's take a closer look at each of them:
Photo: Possible complications and prognosis for hemangioma
If the treatment of hemangioma was carried out incorrectly or was started late, the development of severe complications that pose a threat to the health and life of the child is possible. The most dangerous of them are:
- Tumor growth into surrounding tissues and organs, causing their destruction;
- In severe cases, hemangioma grows to great depths, destroying muscles and bones. If the tumor penetrates the spine and affects the spinal cord, the patient faces paralysis;
- The tumor often ulcerates, which threatens secondary infections;
- The most dangerous complication is malignancy of the neoplasm and its degeneration into a cancerous tumor.
With timely treatment and proper treatment, the prognosis is favorable, since removal of the tumor will help completely get rid of the dangerous skin defect.
Thank you
The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!
Hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor that develops as a result of a congenital anomaly of blood vessels. Hemangioma can form in any organ or tissue that has a branched and wide network of blood vessels, for example, in the skin, liver, kidneys, spine, etc.This tumor has a number of characteristic features that distinguish it from other types of benign neoplasms. Firstly, hemangiomas almost never become malignant, that is, they do not degenerate into cancer. Secondly, these tumors can quickly increase in size and recur after surgical removal. The growth of hemangiomas can provoke atrophy of surrounding tissues, damage to organs with their dysfunction, as well as fatal bleeding. Therefore, despite the seemingly favorable course of hemangiomas, this tumor is not simple, and therefore represents a very pressing problem for the clinical practice of doctors of several specialties - surgeons, oncologists, dermatologists and therapists.
Hemangioma, localized on the skin, looks like a red, purple or bluish spot of irregular shape and different sizes. When pressing on the tumor, it may decrease in size, but after the pressure stops, it completely restores its previous volume within a few seconds.
Hemangioma - general characteristics of the tumor
Various diseases and anomalies of blood vessels are widespread, very diverse and therefore can be either small in size and volume lesions in the form of spots on the skin, or large formations localized in any part of the human body, including in internal organs that are not are simply dangerous, but represent a life-threatening condition.Hemangiomas can be localized in any tissue or organ that has a developed network of blood vessels. Most often, these tumors form in organs that have greater blood flow than other tissues and organ structures, such as the liver, kidneys, spine and skin. In practice, the most common hemangiomas are localized in the skin or subcutaneous tissues.
Hemangioma is the most common benign tumor formed by blood vessels. This tumor develops due to the uncontrolled growth of defective blood vessels, which are arranged randomly, do not function as the inflow and outflow of blood from tissues and organs, but form a neoplasm.
Hemangiomas almost never become malignant, that is, they do not turn into cancer. However, with prolonged or rapid, explosive growth, hemangioma can destroy surrounding tissues and organs, which can ultimately cause severe complications, including death or disability and loss of function if the tumor damages vital structures. In addition, hemangiomas have another potential danger - this is the likelihood of bleeding and the formation of ulcers on its surface.
A characteristic feature of any hemangioma is its ability to undergo spontaneous regression, that is, the tumor can go away on its own without leaving any traces. It is because of this feature that hemangiomas are not always treated, sometimes waiting several years for their regression. However, such a wait-and-see approach is only possible in cases where the tumor is not injured, does not bleed, does not increase in size very quickly, and is not located in the area of vital organs, for example, the liver, kidneys, eyes, ears, face, genitals , buttocks, perineum, etc. In situations where the hemangioma is growing rapidly, is injured, or is located next to vital organs, the functioning of which it can disrupt, a decision is made to begin treatment. The choice of treatment tactics is made by the doctor based on the location of the tumor, the rate of progression, the general condition of the person and a number of other factors.
Hemangioma in children and newborns - general characteristics
These tumors are detected in approximately 10% of newborns, and in girls 4 times more often than in boys. In addition, hemangiomas are more common in premature infants compared to full-term infants, and the risk of tumor is inversely proportional to the infant's body weight. That is, the greater the body weight of the newborn, the lower his risk of hemangioma.Most often, hemangiomas are congenital or appear in an infant soon after birth (within 1 to 4 months). In the first weeks after birth, the hemangioma may be subtle, resembling a scratch or bruise. Less commonly, the tumor appears as a bright red cavity or a so-called “port wine stain” (a dark red area of skin). However, after a short period of time, the hemangioma can begin to grow very quickly in size, as a result of which it becomes noticeable. Typically, the period of active growth of hemangioma occurs between 1 and 10 months of a baby’s life, lasting generally for 6 to 10 months, after which the tumor stops growing in size and enters the involution phase. That is, it begins to gradually decrease in size. This period of slow spontaneous involution lasts from 2 to 10 years.
Most hemangiomas are small, a maximum of a few centimeters in diameter. More extensive tumors are quite rare. Most often in children and newborns, hemangiomas are localized on the scalp and neck, and much less often on the buttocks, perineum, mucous membranes or internal organs. If there are 6 or more hemangiomas on a child’s skin, then most likely he also has hemangiomas of internal organs.
Skin hemangioma can be superficial, deep or mixed. A superficial tumor looks like a cluster of bright red bubbles, nodules and spots on the skin, a deep tumor looks like a protruding piece of meat, soft to the touch, colored red and blue.
Hemangiomas that appear spontaneously, without any treatment, disappear within a year in 10% of children. About half of all hemangiomas spontaneously involute and completely disappear by 5 years of age, 70% by 7 years, and 90% by 9 years. Signs of the onset of hemangioma involution are a change in color from bright red to dark red or gray, as well as softening and thickening of the formation. The tumor becomes colder to the touch.
Since almost all hemangiomas disappear by the age of 9–10, if the tumor does not interfere with the functioning of important organs and systems, does not ulcerate or bleed, it is not treated until the child reaches 10 years of age, but simply observed. However, if the hemangioma disrupts the functioning of organs and systems (for example, it closes the eye, is localized in the parotid region, impairing hearing, etc.), then doctors begin its treatment in a child of any age in order to prevent severe complications associated with irreversible damage to the organ structure by the tumor .
After the involution of a hemangioma, completely healthy normal skin may remain at the site of its localization, no different from that in any other area. However, in some cases, scars, areas of atrophy, as well as thinning of the skin and its yellowish color may form at the site of the evolved hemangioma. Unfortunately, the same cosmetic changes in the skin in the area of hemangioma can also form after its treatment with various surgical techniques (cauterization with laser, liquid nitrogen, removal with a scalpel, electric current, etc.).
Photos of hemangiomas in adults, children and newborns
Hemangiomas of various sizes and structures, localized on the skin.
Liver hemangioma (sectional photo of the liver, dark spot on the left - hemangioma).
Causes of hemangioma
At present, the exact causes of the development of hemangiomas have not been identified; doctors and scientists only have theories that explain one or another aspect of the occurrence and formation of the tumor. No specific mutations have been identified in the human genome that could cause the development of hemangiomas.However, the most likely cause of the formation of hemangiomas is acute respiratory viral infections suffered by a woman in the first trimester of pregnancy (up to the 12th week of gestation inclusive). The fact is that it is during this period of pregnancy that a system of blood vessels is formed and established in the fetus, and viral particles and their toxins can change the properties of the vascular wall. Due to this influence of viruses, a newborn or relatively adult child may develop hemangiomas on the skin or in internal organs.
Classification of hemangiomas
Currently, there are several classifications of hemangiomas, taking into account their various properties and characteristics. First of all, hemangiomas are divided into the following types depending on location:- Cutaneous hemangiomas , localized in the upper layers of the skin. These tumors are the safest, so, as a rule, they are not removed, waiting for natural involution. However, if the hemangioma is located near the ear, eye, perineum or face, then it is removed due to the risk of irreversible tissue damage with subsequent development of dysfunction of the corresponding organ.
- Hemangiomas of parenchymal organs (kidneys, liver, brain, ovaries, testicles, adrenal glands, pancreas, etc.). These hemangiomas require prompt removal in all cases, since they can be complicated by internal bleeding or damage to the organ in which they formed.
- Hemangiomas of the musculoskeletal system (joints, muscles, spine, etc.) are not as dangerous as those localized in parenchymal organs, so they are not always removed immediately after detection. Such hemangiomas begin to be treated only if they disrupt the normal development of the child’s skeleton.
- Capillary hemangioma (simple) , located on the skin and formed from capillaries. Such tumors are most often localized on the skin or in bone growth areas.
- Cavernous hemangioma , located in the subcutaneous tissue and formed from larger vessels compared to capillaries. Such hemangiomas are usually localized in areas of organs and tissues characterized by an increased, abundant blood supply, such as the kidneys, liver and brain.
- Combined hemangioma , consisting simultaneously of two parts - capillary and cavernous. Such hemangiomas are always located at the border of the organ, so they are found on the skin, in the structures of the musculoskeletal system and in parenchymal organs. It is these hemangiomas that most often develop in adults.
- Racemotic hemangioma It is extremely rare and is localized on the scalp or extremities. The tumor consists of convoluted plexuses of sharply thickened blood vessels, penetrated by fistulas.
- Mixed hemangioma combined with other tumors, such as lymphoma, keratoma, etc.
Capillary hemangioma
Capillary hemangioma develops in 3 people out of 1000. The tumor is a flat spot on the skin or on the surface of an internal organ, colored red-pink. Over time, the color of the spot becomes darker and it becomes red-purple in color. During the growth phase, the spot may become convex with a bumpy surface. The tumor is formed by dilated and blood-filled capillaries. If a simple hemangioma is located on the eyelid, then it must be removed, since otherwise it can provoke glaucoma with loss of vision in one eye. But in principle, capillary hemangiomas localized on the back of the head, on the forehead or on the eyelids usually disappear spontaneously within 1 to 3 years.Cavernous hemangioma
Cavernous hemangioma is always localized in the subcutaneous tissue, so on the surface of the skin it is visible as a convex bluish formation. Such a hemangioma consists of a large number of dilated blood vessels and the cavities formed by them, which are filled with blood and connected to each other by numerous anastomoses (vascular bridges). During the growth period, such hemangiomas grow only into the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and underlying tissues, such as muscles, bones or internal organs, are extremely rarely affected. Cavernous tumors can be of varying sizes, single or multiple. Depending on their location on the skin or in internal organs, cavernous hemangiomas are divided into limited and diffuse. Limited ones are localized in a strictly defined area, without spreading beyond its boundaries. But diffuse hemangiomas do not have a clear boundary and are located over a fairly large area in the form of numerous formations of various sizes - from very small to quite large.Combined hemangioma
Combined hemangioma consists of two parts - capillary and cavernous, and therefore is located simultaneously in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. That is, the capillary part of the combined hemangioma is located on the skin, and the cavernous part is in the subcutaneous tissue.This type of hemangiomas is always localized not in the thickness of the tissues of any organ, but on its edge, in close proximity to its border. Due to this localization feature, combined hemangiomas can be located on the skin, in the bones and on the surface of internal organs. This hemangioma is most common in adults.
The appearance, properties and response to treatment depend on which component (capillary or cavernous) of the combined hemangiomas is predominant.
Racemotic hemangioma
Racemotic hemangioma is usually localized on the scalp, arms or legs, and consists of convoluted, thick-walled and sharply dilated blood vessels. A section of a hemangioma shows serpentine plexuses of thick and dilated vessels filled with blood. This type of hemangiomas is not always isolated, but is more often classified as cavernous.Mixed hemangioma
Mixed hemangioma consists of elements of a vascular tumor, as well as lymphoid, nervous or connective tissue. This type of hemangiomas includes angiofibromas, angioneuromas, hemlymphangiomas, etc. The external signs of tumors and their clinical manifestations can be different, since they are determined by the types of tissues that form them and their relationship with each other. This type of neoplasm is rarely classified as hemangiomas proper due to the complexity of the structure and the very diverse clinical picture, and therefore practicing doctors prefer to consider them as a separate, independent pathology, which has some features of a vascular tumor.Vascular tumor size
Hemangioma can have different sizes - from a few millimeters to tens of centimeters in diameter. If the tumor is not round, then its size is considered to be the greatest length from any one edge to the other.Symptoms
Clinical signs of hemangiomas can be different, since they depend on the age, size, depth of tumor growth in the tissue, as well as the location of the tumor. Therefore, we will consider the clinical manifestations of hemangiomas of different localizations separately to avoid confusion.Skin hemangioma
Skin hemangioma can be localized on any part of the skin - on the head, on the limbs, on the torso, on the buttocks, on the external genitalia, etc. Regardless of the exact location, all skin hemangiomas manifest the same clinical symptoms.In the area of the skin where the hemangioma is localized, swelling is always clearly visible and may be unusually colored in various shades of red (red-pink, burgundy, cherry, red-raspberry, red-blue, etc.). The more arteries there are in a hemangioma, the brighter red it is. Accordingly, the more veins, the darker red it is, for example, cherry, burgundy, etc. If the hemangioma is located in the subcutaneous tissue, then the color of the skin above it may be normal. With physical stress or increased blood flow to the area where the hemangioma is located, the tumor temporarily becomes brighter in color than usual. This is especially noticeable with hemangiomas on the face of children, which literally instantly become very bright against the background of crying.
The more the tumor grows into the skin, the more likely it is to develop any disorders associated with insufficient tissue nutrition, such as ulcers, hypertrichosis (excessive hair growth), hyperhidrosis (sweating), cracks, etc. All these violations of skin integrity are complications of hemangioma and can lead to frequent and severe bleeding.
The most characteristic clinical symptoms of any skin hemangioma are pain and swelling in the area of its localization. When you press your finger on the swollen, colored area of skin, it goes away. However, after the pressure stops, the hemangioma quickly takes on its normal appearance. To the touch, the swelling may have a dense-elastic or soft-elastic consistency. If the consistency of the tumor is dense, then this is a favorable sign, since it means that the hemangioma is not prone to growth in the future. If the consistency of the hemangioma is soft and elastic, this means that the tumor is prone to active growth in the near future.
The pain at the beginning of the development of hemangioma is weak, occurring periodically and disturbing an adult or child for short periods of time. During the growth phase of the tumor, when it grows into muscle tissue and nerves, the pain can be quite severe and constant. During the period when the tumor is not growing, pain may also be present constantly, which is caused by tissue compression. In this case, the pain is combined with impaired muscle function and the development of contractures. In addition, in the area of the skin around the tumor, areas of paresthesia (sensitivity disturbances such as goosebumps, etc.) are possible.
Hemangiomas localized in the skin during the growth period slightly increase in area. An increase in tumor size usually occurs due to its growth into deep-lying tissues. If a hemangioma quickly increases in size, it can grow into muscles and even bones, significantly disrupting the normal functioning of the musculoskeletal system. By affecting the bones, hemangioma provokes severe osteoporosis.
If a skin hemangioma is localized in the immediate vicinity of the eyes, ears, trachea or bronchi, then by squeezing the tissues of these organs, it can provoke problems with vision, hearing, breathing and swallowing.
Body hemangioma
Hemangioma of the body manifests itself with the same clinical symptoms as a tumor localized on the skin. That is, a hemangioma of the body is characterized by swelling, pain and coloration of the skin in various shades of red in the area of its localization.Tumors located on the body are dangerous because they can be located in places subject to constant movement and compression (for example, armpits, shoulders, etc.), as a result of which hemangiomas are complicated by bleeding, ulceration and cracks. The rapid growth of body tumors can cause them to grow into the ribs or abdominal muscles, disrupting the functioning of these body structures. And this, in turn, will have a detrimental effect on breathing function, proper walking, normal functioning of the abdominal organs, etc.
Hemangioma of the face, head and lip
Hemangioma of the face, on the head and on the lip is recorded quite often. The tumor can be localized on any part of the surface of the skull - on the nose, on the lips, on the cheeks, on the forehead, on the temples, on the eyelids, on the back of the head, near the auricle, under the hair, etc. The main clinical symptoms of hemangiomas of the face, head and lips, like any other skin hemangiomas, are pain, swelling and coloration of the skin in shades of red. The danger of tumors on the face and head is due to the fact that they are in close proximity to many important organs, such as eyes, ears, brain, etc. Therefore, hemangiomas on the face and head are treated with the utmost attention and caution, carefully monitoring their growth and ensuring that the tumor does not put too much pressure on important organs, irreversibly impairing their functions.Liver hemangioma
Liver hemangioma, as a rule, is asymptomatic, that is, nothing bothers the person. Such tumors are usually an incidental finding during ultrasound examination, as well as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Liver hemangioma usually occurs in people 30–50 years old, mainly in women. This tumor is usually removed surgically after detection.Spinal hemangioma
Spinal hemangioma is characterized by the presence of constant back pain, which is not relieved by taking drugs from the NSAID group (Ketorol, Ketonal, Ibuprofen, Nimesulide, Xefocam, etc.) and is not relieved by massage or applying various ointments and gels with a distracting or anti-inflammatory effect (for example, Voltaren, Finalgon, Dolgit, Capsicam, etc.). Hemangioma can imitate attacks of osteochondrosis, herniated intervertebral discs and other diseases of the spine due to compression of tissues and disruption of their functions. The localization of pain and discomfort usually corresponds to the part of the spinal column in which the hemangioma is located. For example, if the hemangioma is located in the lumbar region, then the lower back will hurt, etc. The spinal hemangioma can be removed or left and its progress observed. Therapeutic tactics are determined by the doctor individually for each individual, taking into account all the nuances of the disease and the general condition of the patient.Kidney hemangioma
Renal hemangioma is extremely rare. This tumor is congenital, but it is often discovered much later. During the period of active growth of the child, the tumor also begins to rapidly increase in size, squeezing the kidney tissue and disrupting its functioning, which provokes the appearance of a number of clinical symptoms. Signs of renal hemangioma are the following symptoms:- Persistent uncontrolled hypertension;
- Pain in the lower back, spreading to the groin;
- Blood in the urine (hematuria);
- General weakness;
- Low performance.
However, these symptoms accompany renal hemangioma quite rarely; most often the tumor is characterized by an asymptomatic course. Kidney tumors are usually removed surgically after detection.
Complications of hemangiomas
Complications of hemangiomas are bleeding, ulceration of their surface, the formation of cracks and trophic ulcers on the skin in the immediate vicinity of the tumor. In addition, when the hemangioma is localized near any important organs, its complications include dysfunction of these anatomical structures that arise due to tissue compression. So, if the hemangioma is localized on the face or neck, it can compress the trachea and cause breathing difficulties. Usually, when the trachea is compressed by a hemangioma, the child develops a painful cough, cyanosis and hoarseness.If the hemangioma is localized in the eye or ear area, the functioning of these organs may be disrupted, up to complete and irreversible loss of vision and hearing. Due to the high risk of vision and hearing loss, hemangiomas located in the eye or ear area are treated without waiting for them to disappear on their own.
When the hemangioma is localized in the sacral area, damage to the spinal cord is possible, which is fraught with numerous dysfunctions of the pelvic organs and intestines. Symptoms of spinal cord damage by hemangioma are the following:
- Leg muscle atrophy;
- Fecal and urinary incontinence;
- Ulcers on the soles of the feet;
- Leg muscle paresis.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of cutaneous hemangioma is not difficult, since it is clearly visible, and the doctor can examine the formation with the naked eye. That is why the diagnosis of cutaneous hemangiomas involves examining the formation by a doctor. Magnetic resonance or computed tomography is used to identify hemangiomas of internal organs.Hemangioma - treatment in children and adults
General principles of treatment
The principles of tumor therapy do not depend on the person’s age, but are determined solely by its properties and location. Therefore, treatment of hemangiomas in children and adults is carried out in exactly the same way, using the same techniques.First, due to the high probability of spontaneous disappearance of hemangiomas within several years, tumors that do not have a high risk of complications are usually not treated, but simply monitored for their course. Hemangioma treatment is resorted to only in cases where the tumor can cause severe complications (for example, localized on the eyelid or in the orbit of the eye, in the area of the auricle, on the skin of the genital organs, etc.) or its presence disrupts the normal functioning of an organ or tissue . Indications for treatment are localization of hemangiomas in the following areas of the skin:
- Hemangiomas localized around the eyes;
- Hemangiomas that interfere with normal vision;
- Hemangiomas localized near the respiratory tract (for example, on the neck, on the mucous membrane of the oropharynx, etc.);
- Hemangiomas localized in the respiratory tract;
- Hemangiomas on the face, if there is a risk of cosmetic defects on the skin in the future;
- Hemangiomas localized in the area of the ears or parotid salivary glands;
- Hemangiomas with an ulcerated surface.
So, treatment of hemangioma consists of reducing its size or completely removing the tumor, which is achieved using surgical or therapeutic methods, such as:
1.
Surgical methods for tumor removal:
- Cryodestruction (cauterization of the tumor with liquid nitrogen);
- Laser irradiation;
- Sclerosing therapy (injection of solutions into the tumor that provoke the death of the vessels that form it);
- Close-focus radiotherapy (tumor irradiation);
- Electrocoagulation (removal of hemangioma using electrodes);
- Removal of the tumor during routine surgery using a scalpel.
- Taking medications containing propranolol as the active substance (Anaprilin, Inderal, Obzidan, Propranobene, Propranolol) or timolol (Ocumol, Arutimol, Timaderne, Timol, Niolol, etc.);
- Taking drugs from the group of corticosteroid hormones (Prednisolone, Diprospan, etc.);
- Taking cytostatic drugs (Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide);
- Compression therapy (applying pressure bandages to the tumor).
Removal of hemangioma (surgery)
The operation is performed under general anesthesia. During the intervention, the doctor removes the entire hemangioma, as well as 1.5 - 2 cm of surrounding tissue. This method is traumatic and ineffective, since in 50–60% of cases, after surgical removal, the hemangioma reappears on some adjacent area of the skin and begins to grow very quickly. Therefore, at present, surgical treatment is used only for hemangiomas localized in internal organs, and skin tumors are removed by other methods.Laser removal (laser destruction)
Removal of hemangioma with a laser (laser destruction) is also suitable only for the capillary type of tumors. Cavernous or combined hemangiomas cannot be removed with a laser, as this will lead to too deep tissue damage and scar formation. Laser therapy for simple skin hemangioma, as well as cryodestruction, can be carried out at any time, including during the period of active tumor growth.Cauterization (electrocoagulation)
This method of removing various pathological tissues is usually well known to women who experience cervical erosion. The fact is that diathermocoagulation of cervical erosion (so-called “cauterization”) is the same as electrocoagulation of hemangioma. That is, during electrocoagulation, under the influence of electric current, the structures of the tumor are destroyed, after which normal healthy skin grows in its place. Electrocoagulation can be used for any type of hemangioma, however, when treating cavernous tumors, scar formation is possible due to the fact that tissue has to be destroyed to a considerable depth.Removal of hemangioma with liquid nitrogen (cryodestruction)
Currently, this is the most commonly used method for the removal of capillary cutaneous hemangiomas. Cryodestruction can be used at any time, regardless of what phase the hemangioma is in. That is, burning with liquid nitrogen can be carried out during the period of active tumor growth.The essence of cryodestruction is to expose the area of the hemangioma to liquid nitrogen, which destroys the tumor structure. Complete removal of the tumor occurs in 1–3 sessions, after which the healing process begins at the site where the hemangioma was, during which the skin is completely restored.
However, cryodestruction can only be used to treat superficial capillary hemangiomas. If cavernous or combined hemangiomas are treated with liquid nitrogen, this can lead to the formation of ugly scars on the skin due to too deep destruction of tissues, which as a result cannot recover.
Sclerosing therapy
Sclerosing therapy for hemangiomas involves the introduction of various solutions into the tumor, which cause the death of its constituent blood vessels with their subsequent transformation into connective tissue. That is, under the influence of sclerosing therapy, the hemangioma turns into an ordinary connective tissue cord under the skin. However, if the hemangioma was quite large or treatment was started in the growth phase, then after sclerotherapy the tumor may not completely disappear, but decrease in size and stop active growth. Sterile alcohol is used as the main sclerosing solution, which is injected into the tumor along with Novocaine, which relieves any pain. Sclerosing therapy is effective for deep hemangiomas.Close focus X-ray therapy
Close-focus radiotherapy involves irradiating the tumor with X-rays. The method is very effective and is often used to treat deep hemangiomas.Therapeutic methods for treating hemangioma
Compression therapy is the safest and effective enough to be used for any type of hemangioma, including complicated ones, if it is located in an area where a pressure bandage can be applied. Treatment consists of applying compression bandages to the hemangioma, which are left in place for a certain period of time. After 1 – 2 months, the hemangioma significantly decreases in size or completely disappears.Corticosteroids for the treatment of hemangiomas are taken in an individual dosage, calculated at a ratio of 2 - 3 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day. However, taking corticosteroid hormones (Prednisolone, Diprospana) is effective in a limited number of cases (from 30 to 70%). In addition, hormone therapy causes a number of severe side effects (growth retardation, decreased immunity, increased blood pressure, etc.), so this method, as a rule, is not used independently. As a rule, taking hormones is combined with the removal of hemangiomas by some surgical method.
Vincristine for the treatment of hemangiomas is taken once a week in an individual dosage, calculated at the ratio of 0.5 mg per 1 kg of body weight in children weighing more than 20 kg, and 0.025 mg per 1 kg in children weighing less than 20 kg. Cyclophosphamide is taken at a dosage of 10 mg per 1 kg of body weight daily for 10 days. Currently, Vincristine and Cyclophosphamide are rarely used to treat hemangiomas because they cause a large number of severe side effects, including those affecting the nervous system.
The most effective and safe therapeutic method for treating hemangiomas is the use of propranolol or timolol in individual dosages. This method is not registered in Russia and the CIS countries, therefore it is practically not used in the post-Soviet space. However, in Europe and the USA, the drugs propranolol and timolol, by special decree of the relevant ministries, were introduced into the treatment of hemangiomas. This decision was made based on the positive results of experimental treatment of children with hemangiomas with propranolol and timolol. Currently, among all methods of treatment for hemangiomas (both surgical and therapeutic), it is the use of propranolol or timolol that is the best in terms of safety/efficacy ratio.
Propranolol is given to the child 2 times a day in an individual dosage, calculated at the ratio of 0.5 mg per 1 kg of weight. At the end of the first week of taking propranolol, the child’s blood glucose level and blood pressure should be determined and an ECG done. If the tests are not normal, then you will have to stop taking the drug and use another method of treating hemangioma. If all test results are normal, then the dosage is increased to 1 mg per 1 kg and the child is given propranolol in a new dose, 2 times a day for a week. Then they donate blood again for glucose, measure blood pressure and do an ECG. If the tests are normal, then the dosage is increased to 2 mg per 1 kg of weight and continued to be given to the child 2 times a day for 4 weeks. At this point, the course of therapy is considered completed. However, if necessary, it can be repeated at intervals of one month until the hemangioma completely disappears.
Preparations containing timolol (eye drops or gel) are applied to the surface of the hemangioma 2 times a day for several months.
Currently, the treatment of choice for hemangioma in both children and adults is the use of propranolol or timolol, as it is highly effective and safe. All other methods can also be used if necessary.
If, during the process of observing the hemangioma, ulcers or cracks appear on its surface, then you can lubricate it with Metronidazole gel, ointments with glucocorticoids (for example, Dexamethasone, Lokoid, etc.) or apply a hydrocolloid dressing (DuoDerm Extra Thin).
Hemangioma in children: description, causes, complications, diagnosis, treatment methods, answers to popular questions - video
Hemangioma of the liver and spine - treatment
Hemangiomas of this localization, just like skin ones, may require treatment or observation. After detecting a hemangioma in the liver or spine, doctors perform computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging at intervals of 1 to 2 weeks, with which they look to see if the tumor is growing. If the study reveals that the hemangioma is actively growing, then treatment should be immediately carried out, which consists of surgical removal of the tumor followed by taking glucocorticoids or propranolol. If the hemangioma does not grow, then the person is left under observation, monitoring his condition at least once a month, since there is a high probability of the tumor disappearing on its own.Liver hemangioma: description, complications, methods of diagnosis and treatment - video
Almost 10% of children are born with red, bluish or brownish spots on the skin or mucous membranes, localized in various parts of the body.
In the vast majority of cases, they turn out to be benign neoplasms, the result of proliferation of the inner layer of small and medium-sized vessels (endothelium). That is why these formations are called angiomas or hemangiomas, that is, vascular tumors.
Skin hemangioma in children is the most common of all neoplasms, and the likelihood of its development in girls is 3 times greater than in boys.
Causes
These formations are mainly diagnosed in newborn infants and children in the first year of life, much less often their development begins in adulthood. Scientists have still not been able to accurately establish the causes of the proliferation of vascular endothelium, but, taking into account the age aspect of the manifestation of the disease, it is believed that heredity and negative factors affecting the fetus during pregnancy play a leading role.
Many negative influences during pregnancy can cause a local disruption of the formation of a normal vascular network in the skin of the unborn child and change the course of the structural formation of capillaries, arteries and veins.
The appearance of hemangiomas on the skin of a child can also be provoked by the woman taking medications, poor environmental conditions, acute respiratory infections or acute respiratory viral infections at any time.
Early signs
The favorite localization of hemangiomas is the skin. Much less often, neoplasms are diagnosed in internal organs (kidneys, rectum) or bone structures.
Most often, skin hemangioma in a child is located on the face, neck, scalp, genitals, and upper half of the body. Tumors can be small and large, single or multiple.
Depending on the structure of the neoplasm, the appearance of angiomas also differs. If the tumor is capillary, that is, consisting of overgrown capillaries, then it looks like a spot, flat or slightly raised, red, brown or red-bluish in color, turning pale when pressed.
The safest in this regard is capillary hemangioma. Being discovered at an early age of the baby, it very rarely progresses, but on the contrary begins to develop reversely: it gradually turns pale and decreases in size. Most of these tumors regress a few years after the birth of the child.
In addition, angiomas are dangerous due to the possibility of injury. The damaged surface begins to bleed, ulcerate and becomes an entry point for infection. The subsequent inflammatory process ends with the formation of rough scar formations, aggravating the aesthetic defect.
Does skin hemangioma turn into cancer?
Theoretically, any benign tumor can transform into a malignant one. The factors contributing to malignancy (malignant degeneration) are quite diverse. The trigger point can be mechanical or physical injury, chemical exposure, or solar radiation.
But in clinical practice, cases of hemangiomas of any type turning into cancer in childhood have not been recorded.
Diagnostics
With cutaneous and subcutaneous localization of vascular tumors, diagnosis does not cause difficulties. To determine the type of neoplasm, its structure and degree of danger, the following diagnostic steps are carried out:
- Examination of the child, determination of the number, size, shape, color of the tumor.
- Laboratory blood test.
- Instrumental methods (ultrasound, ).
Treatment
Therapeutic tactics depend on the type of hemangioma, size, location and are individual. If the neoplasm is of the capillary type, then in many cases the doctor adheres to a wait-and-see approach. In other cases, the choice is made between conservative and surgical treatment.
Among the medicinal methods, hormonal therapy for skin hemangioma in a child (“Prednisolone”), as well as the use of beta-blockers (“Propranolol”) are widely used.
According to indications, cryodestruction of the tumor is carried out (liquid nitrogen), mainly in cases of superficial location and of any size.
Diathermoelectrocoagulation (with high temperature) is performed for point forms of neoplasms of any localization.
Sclerosis (introduction of special agents into tumor structures) is especially effective for cavernous and combined angiomas.
Surgical excision in childhood is performed very rarely, only when it is impossible to use other methods. It is indicated for deep germination of cellular, cavernous, and combined angiomas.
It is most preferable in children, as it is a painless, non-invasive and most effective method. It has a short rehabilitation period, has no age restrictions, and completely eliminates cosmetic defects without consequences.
Traditional methods play only a supporting role in the treatment of this disease. Walnut juice and oak bark are used for sclerosis, onion or garlic juice is used to cauterize blood vessels.
Possible complications in the future
Hemangioma of any type, with the exception of small capillary formations prone to regression, must be treated. An oncologist or surgeon in each specific case chooses the optimal method of therapy for the child, which helps to get rid of the tumor forever.
If the skin lesion is not removed in time, there is a constant risk of injury, infection or bleeding, tumor growth and aggravation of the child’s psycho-emotional discomfort due to a cosmetic defect.
Forecast
Skin hemangioma in children always has a favorable prognosis for life and health. Modern methods of therapy make it possible to achieve absolutely positive aesthetic and clinical results.