All about carpet. Types of carpet: material, properties and characteristics. There are three types of carpet according to the method of staining
Each person treats carpet differently - for some it is a continuous problem that requires daily cleaning, while for others it is a soft, warm and homely floor covering that you can’t imagine better. In general, opinions differ dramatically and there are reasons for this - this type of flooring has a lot of different advantages and disadvantages that some people put up with, while others do not. In many ways, the list of advantages and disadvantages depends on the type of carpet - so the right choice of this material is of no small importance. It will be discussed in this article, in which, together with the website, we will study the types of carpet and deal with their advantages and disadvantages.
Types of carpet for home photo
How carpet flooring works
Like everything ingenious, the carpet has a very simple device and consists of three main parts, each of which has its own task. Moreover, all these components have a direct impact on the classification of this material for finishing flooring.
- The foundation. If we draw an analogy with a carpet, then the base is a fabric, clinging to which the pile is held. It is the base that makes it possible to produce a floor covering of this type of the desired size, and it is she who is the link of all the elements of the carpet.
- Pile. This is the most important element of the carpet, which is responsible for the quality and characteristics of the flooring. Based on the type of pile, in most cases, the types of this flooring are determined.
- Latex pad. The protective and stabilizing element of the carpet - on the one hand, it prevents the base material from collapsing, and on the other hand, it prevents moisture from penetrating into the carpet from the side of the subfloor.
In some types of flooring of this type, a fourth element may also be present - an insulating lining. In most cases, this is felt, which allows the use of carpet on especially cold draft floors - for example, on a concrete base. If we are talking about laying carpet on a wooden floor, then the presence of a felt lining can be considered optional. In principle, in taking care of the warmth of your feet, carpet manufacturers additionally produce such a coating element as, which you can read about in our other article.
Types of carpet photo
Carpet characteristics: synthetic or natural product
The main criterion for dividing the floor covering into types is the type of materials used - natural, so to speak, natural components or completely synthetic. You should not make hasty conclusions and argue that natural materials are better - here, as they say, a double-edged sword, and natural woolen carpet has both advantages and a lot of disadvantages.
The only thing that is wrong with synthetic carpet is its vapor barrier ability - it does not conduct moisture. On the one hand, this is good, but on the other, not very good - over time, dampness can dissolve under it. But this is only if there is high humidity in the rooms. By the way, the same thing, only to a greater extent, happens under (including under natural), but at this moment, for some reason, many people close their eyes.
Types of carpet pile: which one to choose
As many as three or even four types of pile can be counted on a modern carpet - at least these differences ensure the appearance of the floor covering, and at the maximum guarantee the quality characteristics of the material.
Combined pile. Such a carpet is considered the most promising - its pile combines both solid loops and cut ones. They can have different lengths, which gives very huge possibilities in terms of design. This is a technologically sophisticated carpet, which, of course, is reflected in its cost.
Types of carpet for the home: production methods
Another factor that allows you to divide the floor covering into types of carpet is the method of its manufacture. In this regard, the following types of carpet can be distinguished.
Needle-punched carpet is very durable and resistant to stress - its pile is so short and dense that it is called lint-free carpet. Due to its characteristics, it has become widespread in enterprises and public buildings - it is, so to speak, a commercial carpet that does not have demolition.
And in conclusion of the topic about the types of carpet, I will say a few words about another important criterion that allows us to divide this floor covering into a couple of types - this is a method of coloring the pile. In one case, it can be dyed after being woven into the base, and in the other, already dyed pile can be woven into the base, the color of which is given during its production. The latter option is very resistant and durable - the pattern and color of such a carpet lasts a very long time, and this moment cannot be ignored when choosing a floor covering for both home and office.
A modern house can be decorated with different materials, both new modern and traditional, which have already become classics. Such a traditional material widely used in the modern construction world is carpet or carpet.
Carpet is a direct successor of traditional carpets.
This is a comfortable and beautiful floor covering, pleasant to the touch and has many advantages.
- has high noise-absorbing characteristics;
- elastic material;
- wear-resistant;
- wide range of colors;
- ease of installation.
Carpet - roll material having a standard width and length 10-15 m. Coating thickness - 5-10 mm. The design on the carpet has an unfinished look, so it can be laid on any floor.
Carpets differ according to the following criteria:
- the material from which the coating is made;
- production technology;
- pile quality (length);
- base material.
All pile floor coverings differ in pile length and are divided into:
- Short pile - pile length 2-3 mm;
- Medium pile - 3-5 mm;
- High-pile - the length is more than 5 mm.
All types of carpets have the same structure, consisting of:
- pile;
- primary lining (base);
- secondary lining (reinforcing layer and usually a latex lining).
What is carpet made from?
Modern technologies make it possible to produce carpet, both from natural and synthetic fibers. All natural materials are divided into woolen and blended(10-30% natural wool).
Natural materials have their own advantages:
- gives carpet elasticity and softness;
- has moisture-proof properties;
- easy to care for;
- environmental friendliness - does not emit harmful substances.
Most often, linen, wool, silk, cotton, jute, coconut, paper are used to make carpet. Are very popular wool carpets, but unfortunately they are the most expensive.
Synthetic carpets are presented such materials like polyester, nylon or polyamide, polyacrylic and propylene.
Nylon covers are very compare favorably from others by its gentleness. They do not fade in the sun and are easy to clean. They also have a long service life 10-15 years old while polyester and acrylic carpets have a service life of no more than 8 years. Polyester carpet is characterized by a pronounced synthetic sheen, to the touch very tough.
Thanks to modern technology, much improved quality characteristics synthetic materials, carpets from supreme and terklon (polypropylene fibers) are successfully used. These coatings are characterized by increased wear resistance, soft, elastic, very soft to the touch. difficult to distinguish from natural materials. In favor of synthetic carpets, their affordable price also speaks.
Anyway, decide in favor of natural or synthetic material will have to the buyer.
Methods for the production of carpet
When choosing carpet for your home, you should pay special attention to pile quality. Its length, softness, method of fastening are important. In a well-made carpet, the pile is well fixed on the base and securely painted.
The types of pile include:
The choice of carpet
When choosing carpet, you should consider room features, where the coating will be used.
- The bedroom is a relaxation area. Of great importance is the naturalness of the coating, antistatic, convenience and ease of care are required. Carpet recommended from natural or mixed fibers with a high pile.
- Children's room - carpet made of natural and mixed fibers is suitable. Such a coating should be non-staining, easy to clean. The pile is preferably short. Usually, woven or tufted coverings are used for children's rooms.
- Living room - artificial surfaces with an average pile length have proven themselves to be excellent.
- Dining room, kitchen, bathroom - for these rooms about Mandatory use waterproof coating, with dirt-repellent properties.
The option of using the same type of carpet is unacceptable for all rooms.
Among other things, it will be important pile dyeing method. Synthetic material is highly resistant to color fading. The highest quality carpet is made from pre-dyed threads.
Paint rubs off and fades very quickly stencil way.
Carpet made from natural materials is not particularly resistant to color fading.
Coating basis
As a rule, for the manufacture of carpet backing jute is used, synthetic or natural, glued fabric, thin and foamed rubber.
It should be noted that the basis of the carpet not with all materials can interact.
Laying
Carpet laying is not difficult and you can lay it yourself. It will be very important surface quality, on which the coating will be applied. It must be clean, smooth, dry.
Cement-sand screed is considered the best option for carpet flooring. If there is a pattern on the surface, you must leave stock 5 cm.
Before laying the carpet must be left in the room for at least a day. The room temperature should be from 15 degrees.
Tools:
- Iron for thermal gluing.
- Construction knives for work on soft coverings.
- Nails and rail.
- Tape measure, notched trowel for applying glue, screws, awl.
- Stretcher.
Laying is carried out in several ways:
- on an adhesive basis;
- fixation on adhesive tape;
- glueless (tension).
The principle of installation with the adhesive method is that the coating sticks securely to the base of the floor.
Glueless involves laying the material followed by fixing special rails with nails that are hammered at an angle of 45 degrees.
Tape fixation. First, adhesive tape is glued in the form of a grid, the intervals are 50 × 50 cm. The carpet is laid on top, the protective coating is removed from the film and glued to the base.
Probably, each of us has heard about such floor material as carpeting. It is not surprising, because thanks to a wide variety of types, it is used both in residential premises and in commercial premises.
Carpeting, or carpeting, is a floor covering with a pile, and unlike a carpet, it is laid throughout the entire surface of the floor in a particular room. Carpeting is made from synthetic or natural yarns in the form of rolls of unlimited length. This is very convenient, because regardless of the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, the material is able to perfectly cover its entire surface.
The most common types of carpets:
- Woven carpet - it can have both natural and synthetic fibers in its composition. The pile is intertwined with the base using a special technology, so the product is one of the highest quality and durable coatings.
- Pile carpet - the threads are attached to the base of the carpet with the help of an adhesive composition. This carpet has a rigid base and high strength. The density of the carpet here is on top.
- A carpet made using the pulling technique is mainly used in offices and public buildings. Its main characteristics are low cost and high level of sound absorption.
- Carpet with flock - the placement of carpet yarn on the substrate occurs through the creation of an electrostatic field. The length of the pile is less than 3 mm.
According to the structure, carpets can be divided into four layers: pile, fixing layer, primary backing, secondary backing. The pile is made mainly from wool, polypropylene or polyamide. Latex and jute are used for the basis of the carpet. Carpet pile can be made from natural (woolen) and synthetic materials.
The main properties and types of carpeting with synthetic pile
- Polyamide/Nylon - Fifteen year lifespan, easy to care for, able to withstand sunlight without fading, and keeps its shape perfectly.
- Acrylic/Polyester - Lifespan of about eight years, soft texture, relatively high price, difficult to care for, tends to become electrified.
- Supra / therclone - will serve you for no more than 5 - 8 years, very soft texture, good heat and sound insulation properties.
- Polypropylene - service life of about 5 years, easy to clean, has a low status of durability and wear resistance.
The main properties and types of carpeting with natural (woolen) pile
- Environmental Safety,
- Good flexibility and elasticity,
- Natural antistatic properties,
- Doesn't fade in the sun
- No synthetic gloss
- Low moisture resistance and high durability,
- Relatively high cost.
Density and weight of the carpet
Pile weight refers to the number of yarn fibers in one square meter of carpet. The pile weight also indicates how dense the individual piles of the carpet are. The density of a carpet, or the proximity of one individual strand to another, affects how the carpet behaves when walked across it, as well as how it will look in the long run. The higher the number of yarn fibers in the carpet, the greater the overall density of the product can be observed.
As a rule, the density of the carpet is measured in ounces, the typical density is from 30 to 60 grams. Densities greater than 60 ounces are commercially available, but this product is more expensive due to the large number of individual fibers in these carpets.
The role of pile mass and density in noise reduction
Any sound that comes from objects falling on the floor, from footsteps, or from moving furniture is called surface noise. The denser the carpet, the better it will be able to convert loud surface noises into muffled sounds. Carpeting can cut surface noise in half.
The transmission of echo or noise in the room can also be reduced by high density carpeting. Noise reflecting off the hard floor and causing echoes will be effectively absorbed by the carpet. All this is possible due to the porous structure of the carpets.
Carpeting is often used in flooring. It can be found almost everywhere: in homes, offices or even industrial sites.
Among modern floor coverings, monochrome and multi-colored types of carpet have gained particular popularity: they are easy to install, practical, and affordable. Rolled carpets can have a single-layer and two-layer design: the first ones are dense synthetic fabrics with woven pile fibers, the second ones are a double base and a pile on the fixing layer.
The production technology of the material can be tufted, needle-punched, flocked and woven. In the second case, the most wear-resistant product is created.
Needle-punched method
The popularity of such carpet is due to its strength and relative cheapness. The process of its manufacture is reduced to punching with special needles the base, which consists of a layer of fibers, coated on both sides with non-woven material. Due to the fact that the edges of the needles have notches, the fibers are pulled through the warp. The result is a fabric that looks like felt.
The density of the material is determined by the number of strokes with the needles. Each square inch of high-quality dense carpet breaks through 800-1200 times, outwardly it resembles felt. High wear resistance allows it to be used in areas with intensive use. Enhanced soundproofing properties are recognized as a significant advantage of the solution, so it is in demand in the arrangement of offices and public spaces.
Tufted
Unlike the previous version, tufted carpet is more often used in residential areas of apartments and houses. In this case, a special machine pulls the thread with needles through the base of the material. Loops are formed, the concentration density and length of which are determined by the characteristics of the sewing machine. With the help of modern software, products with different levels of pile and web density are manufactured.
At the final stage of production, loops are cut in separate sections or over the entire surface. By varying uncut and cut loops with different heights and densities, an interesting assortment of tufted carpet is created.
Woven
The process is slow and labor-intensive: during weaving, the warp threads are connected to the pile fibers. As a result, the pile becomes an integral part of the coating, it does not exfoliate even with intensive use. The technology of creating a product involves obtaining a variety of patterns.
The carpet is adapted for high traffic, is not afraid of constant contact with the wheels of office chairs. In the wet and dry state, it retains its original dimensions. The complexity of production determines the high cost of the solution.
Flocked
The product is obtained as a result of the controlled effect of static electricity on the fibers. The latter are lined up vertically, fused into a PVC base. A characteristic description of the product is water resistance, wear resistance, smoothness and softness to the touch. The covering is unpretentious in leaving, is easily exposed to cleaning.
Materials used to make carpet
The source material and the nature of the fibers determine the product's appearance, durability, softness, styling and room requirements.
natural
They can have animal (wool, silk) and vegetable origin (cotton, sisal, coconut, linen, jute).
Woolen variations are very popular due to their environmental friendliness, attractive performance, elasticity and softness to the touch. The solution exhibits high heat-insulating and sound-absorbing properties. The disadvantages are instability to pollution and the production of static electricity. The natural composition is vulnerable to moth and mold damage, therefore, up to 20% synthetics in the form of nylon threads are often added to it.
artificial
Nylon has a wide application, with high-quality development, it exhibits antistatic properties, elasticity, fire safety, high wear resistance, strength. The threads lend themselves perfectly to dyeing, so the carpet is endowed with a rich color scheme. Polyamide can be impregnated with anti-splash compounds, graphite particles present in the structure prevent the accumulation of static electricity. Expensive fibers are combined with polypropylene or wool.
Polypropylene belongs to the budget class, it has low fire safety, wears out quickly. The scarcity of colors is due to the fact that the threads are dyed only during the manufacturing process. The base does not absorb dirt and water, but is vulnerable to grease stains. Pros - non-susceptibility to fungus and mold, antistatic.
Polyacryl resembles wool and is used in tandem with other materials as it has low abrasion resistance. Therclone and Supreme undergo chemical and heat treatment during the manufacturing process, as a result they acquire the fluffiness and softness characteristic of wool. At the same time, they exhibit wear resistance and strength inherent in polymers.
As a basis
The bottom layer, which is the secondary base, is just as important as the pile. It can be made from artificial or natural jute, felt, threads, latex.
Natural jute is environmentally friendly, but carpet with this type of base cannot be used in wet rooms and cannot be cleaned with a washing vacuum cleaner. Dampness will lead to warpage of the coating, a change in its geometric parameters. Jute is afraid of rotting and mold damage, its service life is limited due to its tendency to abrasion.
Artificial jute is adapted to intensive use, exhibits moisture resistance and retains its dimensions in any conditions. But with frequent use of a washing vacuum cleaner and poor-quality drying, there is a high risk of mold. It is undesirable to lay such a rigid base on the parquet, otherwise scratches will occur on it.
The latex or foamed rubber base is convenient to use, as it does not wrinkle, it fits snugly to the floor. It exhibits high sound and heat insulation, even if the carpet has a short pile, a soft coating is formed. The disadvantage is drying out and destruction after 5-7 years of operation.
The weaknesses of natural felt are similar to natural jute, in addition, it produces static electricity.
Artificial felt is made of polypropylene, it does not change dimensions when in contact with water, does not rot or mold, exhibits optimal sound absorption and thermal insulation. When cutting the product, the edges will remain neat, as they do not crumble.
The textile base is laid in commercial coatings, it does not create creases and noticeable seams, it is easily cut.
Classification of types of pile
According to the specifics of weaving, the following types of carpet are distinguished:
- high pile - more than 8 mm;
- medium pile - no more than 5-8 mm;
- short pile - within 2-5 mm.
The operational properties of the carpet are more dependent not on the height of the pile, but on its density. Patterns are often based on varying levels, moreover, loops of different lengths are more problematic in care.
The classification of carpet by pile involves typing into velor, frieze, scroll, katlub, shaggy, saxony, berber.
Velours
A one-layer solution with loose tops of the fibers, the fibers do not twist, due to which a coating that is pleasant to the touch is formed. The monochromatic finish is vulnerable to stains, but the structure makes it easy to clean. This is a good solution for the bedroom, living room, nursery.
Scroll
This is a multi-level product that combines uncut and cut loops, multi-colored and single villi. A heterogeneous product looks very interesting, due to its high wear resistance it can be used without fear even in the corridor.
frise
This is the name of the carpet, which has a high twisted pile. The loops seem curly, a special heat treatment at the production stage allows them to keep their shape. Two-factor loop pile coatings, created from fibers of different thicknesses, are in high demand. Such a product tolerates creasing well.
Katlup
This is a voluminous multi-level carpet, the specific texture of which is formed due to islands on the surface, made up of sheared loops, they are surrounded by a lower pile. Delicate texture will successfully fit into the interior of the bedroom.
Saxony
It is made from twisted yarn, in order to achieve a smooth surface, the pile is subjected to a haircut here, and unlike velor, the coating is endowed with a characteristic grainy appearance. The pile becomes taller as a result of twisting. Saxony is very comfortable to use, valued for its elegant performance.
Berber
A very elegant variation, assembled from large loops that are heterogeneous in length. The coating has a sculptural texture; similar shades of pile can be used to enhance the decorative effect.
Shaggy
Such a carpet is easily recognizable by its thick long pile. Visually, the villi do not merge, an imitation of a full-fledged carpet is formed. The loops are tightly twisted and cut in a specific way, they resemble a sharpened pencil. The coating is warm and soft, it is comfortable to lie on it, so it is often placed in a nursery, a bedroom, a rest corner is made from it in an attic or on a balcony. Light variations are very demanding in care.
Carpet selection criteria
A soft floor covering is selected in accordance with performance characteristics, since all zones have individual requirements for design and type of pile.
The criteria are clearly presented in the table:
room | Technical requirements | Aesthetic requirements |
---|---|---|
Living room | Practical, durable, easy to clean. Optimum synthetic variations with a dense pile of medium height. | Compliance with the general style of the room, attractive performance, presentability, demonstration of the social status of the owners. |
Bedroom | Products with a high pile, best of all large-loop, soft, with a low density. Synthetic materials will be appropriate here. | Creating an intimate, cozy and warm atmosphere. The priority is calm, relaxing colors without a dynamic ornament. Carpet doesn't have to be expensive. |
Children's | Practicality, resistance to stains and abrasion are important. The coating should be soft, highly shock-absorbing, and easy to care for. Woolen bases are undesirable, as they accumulate dust and serve as an allergen, wear out quickly. Optimum synthetic variations with a thickened felt base, having a medium or short pile. | Coloring is crucial, light and plain models will not work, better themed, bright, having a funny ornament, strengthening the child's psyche. |
Hallway | Wear-resistant synthetic models with low dense pile or without it are required. High dirt- and water-repellent properties are important, as the zone is characterized by intensive traffic and collects dirt from the street. Needle-punched carpet with a rubber base is best. | Compliance with the stylistic accents of the room, non-staining calm colors, preferably not light colors. |
Kitchen | Spots are more likely to occur here due to spills of liquids and splashes of grease, variations with enhanced abilities to reject water and dirt, easy to maintain and clean with detergents, are suitable. The ideal solution is a high-density synthetic lint-free carpet, applied to a rubber base using a needle-punched method. | The requirements correspond to the coating for the hallway. |
If you fully take into account the properties and working capabilities of the material, you can, at no extra cost, choose an option that will last a long time and will not cause trouble during cleaning.
A warm and pleasant to the touch floor is one of the important components of comfort in the house. Of course, heated floors immediately come to mind, but this is not the cheapest and most convenient option, and the luxurious Persian carpet has already gone out of fashion, so modern manufacturers offer a budget and beautiful alternative - carpet. Its operational features and proper use in the interior will help create both a warm and stylish floor covering.
Characteristics and composition
Before purchasing carpet, it is important to understand what it is and what it is “eaten with”.
Carpet or carpet is a soft floor covering that covers the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room. It has many fundamental differences from ordinary carpets, but the main thing is that it is a rolled material with a very long length, which allows you to cover impressive areas without seams and joints. A colored monophonic coating is more common, but there is also a carpet with a pattern.
According to the structure, household carpet is divided into two types: single-layer and double-layer.
The base in one layer is made of high-density synthetic fabrics, into which pile fibers are woven. Weaving is fixed with a latex layer. The two-layer base has a final latex layer that covers the bindings.
See the video below for more details.
The reverse side is thicker and smoother. This does not play a big role, but nevertheless, a two-layer carpet turns out to be softer, copes better with sound insulation, absorbs sounds, and provides warmth. But in some cases, even for a two-layer carpet, it is necessary to purchase a special substrate.
Production features
The technology for the production of carpet is quite complex and diverse.
Product performance depends on the following important factors:
- How is carpet made?
- What is used as the basis of the coating.
- What type of pile is used and what is its height.
- What type of weaving (yarn).
- How is the pile dyed?
According to the production method, it is customary to distinguish flocked, woven, tufted, needle-punched carpet.
The woven method of production is more long-term and labor-intensive, therefore products of this type belong to the Premium class and have a corresponding price. The essence of the process of creating a woven carpet is the interweaving of pile threads, forming a "cobweb", which is then strung on a dense lining and closed with latex from the wrong side.
Despite the fact that the process has long been mechanized, it is based on the principle of manual carpet weaving, which provides a beautiful appearance of the product and maximum wear resistance.
Flocked carpet differs from other types of waterproof properties. The basis for its manufacture is polyvinyl chloride with a pile 3 mm long. It is designed for rooms with high humidity and the need for frequent cleaning, such as a kitchen or bathroom.
Latex-based tufted carpet is a multi-level coating, due to which a three-dimensional pattern appears on it. It is obtained in the following way: the thread is “injected” into the base, and then fixed with an adhesive. It is more decorative and harder to clean, so it is used in living rooms, bedrooms and offices.
Needle-punched products got their name because of the production process, during which a dense fibrous base is repeatedly pierced with special needles, that is, the pile is, as it were, “driven” into the base. It is made on a rubber or latex gasket. The result is similar to felt fabric because it does not have a high pile. Resistant to mechanical stress, easy to clean, due to its density it absorbs sounds well. Recommended for rooms with a home cinema, children's rooms, corridors.
Different weaving methods give different pile heights: short (2-3 mm), medium (3-5 mm), high (from 5 mm and above).
The foundation
It is made from 4 types of materials:
- rubber or latex. This durable and elastic material helps the product retain its shape and easily tolerate hygiene procedures. Soft, resilient, pleasant for walking, the flooring withstands long-term mechanical stress, so it is convenient to use rubber-based carpet in public places.
- Artificial felt. Provides softness and resistance to moisture, easy to cut and lay. Special impregnation repels dirt, and felt pile provides heat-insulating properties.
- Jute. The jute base looks like a mesh weave of threads. It is used for contact coatings, it is distinguished by its convenience, environmental friendliness and aesthetic qualities, but it is inferior to previous types of coatings in wear resistance.
- Foam base. A more natural and "healthy" finish than rubber that is also soft, resilient and comfortable to walk on. Washes well, promotes thermal insulation and muffles sounds, but wears out for up to 6 years.
Coloring type
This is an important characteristic, which determines how long the carpet will retain its beautiful appearance and original color.
There are three types of carpet according to the method of staining:
- Products made of colored pile or dyed synthetic mass. This is the most expensive type, which is dyed to the very foundation and is the least prone to shedding, fading and fading.
- If in the first case the raw material for the manufacture of the thread is dyed, then in the second case the finished threads are dyed, and the coating is woven from them.
- The least durable and reliable way is to apply the pigment by stencils on the finished carpet. In this case, the pile does not stain to the base, and the coating will burn out and wear out faster.
Materials and types of weaving deserve closer attention.
Manufacturing materials
Pile is inherently the working surface of the carpet, so it is important to choose the right material for a particular type of room. Raw materials are divided into two groups - natural and synthetic (artificial).
Natural:
- Wool. It looks beautiful, is of good quality, helps to maintain a favorable microclimate in the room (it absorbs moisture when there is a lot of it, and gives it away when the air is excessively dry). The wool is soft and pleasant to the touch, and the antimol impregnation protects it from insects. However, wool needs very careful care, a large proportion of it in the composition can cause allergies, and such a product costs an order of magnitude more expensive than a synthetic counterpart.
- Linen. Linen carpets have unique bactericidal properties and fiber strength. In its pure form, it is practically not used, but combined with wool and other plant fibers (for example, sisal)
- Cotton. Cotton products are also rare in their own right. More often, cotton serves as the basis in carpet weaving due to its properties: lightness, softness, hypoallergenicity; it can be washed and dyed in any color, it holds its shape. Cotton refers to cheap materials, but does not differ in wear resistance. If it is poorly dried, there is a risk of mold.
- Bamboo. Bamboo carpets are a godsend for home improvement. This fiber is not only anti-allergic, but also has a bactericidal effect. It does not accumulate dust and dirt, it withstands any hygiene procedures, is soft, light and surprisingly durable. Can be combined with other types of raw materials.
Products made from natural materials are designed for living rooms and bedrooms. Hypoallergenic washable covers can be used in the nursery. For areas with high humidity, the possibility of contamination and high mechanical stress, synthetic products are more suitable, which are cheaper and more prone to contact with household chemicals. For example, coatings made of polyamide or propylene. Syntepon, nylon and acrylic carpet are also in demand.
Artificial:
- Polyamide. It is closest in properties to natural materials. It looks beautiful in the interior, is soft and pleasant to the touch, has a long service life and is subject to various cleaning methods. Most importantly, it is resistant to various types of deformation. It cannot be melted by a fallen and not extinguished cigarette butt, and the furniture does not leave depressed marks on the surface. Its disadvantages include the fact that polyamide absorbs moisture and creates static electricity.
- Polypropylene. The "most synthetic" of all man-made textile materials. It creaks, is afraid of moisture, unpleasant for bare feet, furniture leaves deep marks on it. However, it is easy to clean, resistant to thermal effects, and cheap.
- Nylon. This coating is a salvation for allergy sufferers. Like natural material, it is soft, fluffy, very plastic. A characteristic difference is a long service life (from 15 years). This pleasure is more expensive than other types of artificial surfaces.
- Acrylic. This coating looks and feels a little different from natural, while it is cheap. It is not electrified, but it is afraid of moisture, fire, mechanical influences, it is difficult to clean from stains, the service life is limited to 5-6 years. Suitable for those who often like to update the interior.
- Sintepon. It is an "average" product in all respects. Can be mixed with other types of pile.
Types of weaving
Depending on the type of weaving, the following types of coatings are distinguished:
- Velours. Soft, fluffy, consists of a short split pile, the edges of which are fluffed to a uniform coating;
- Friese. High-pile coating, which is made from high loops and undergoes heat treatment;
- Saxony. Elite twisted weaving forms a multi-level "grain" coating. It differs from Frize in a longer and loose pile. Its height can reach 40 mm.
- Felt. The carpet made by pressing woolen threads looks like a lint-free carpet, since it does not differ in relief;
- Scroll. Multi-level loop weaving, consisting of sheared and unshorn threads;
- Gunny. A short-pile weave that forms a mat-like covering;
- Katlup. The combination of a loop surface with long cut threads, forming a relief pattern;
- Boucle. A special method of tying a thief forms a flooring that resembles knitting with facial loops - that is, the fabric is densely covered with knots that look like eyes;
- "Grass". Combined polypropylene pile imitating grass due to the combination of loops and cut threads 2 through 1;
Differences from other carpets
When choosing the type of flooring, many people somehow compare several options with each other and wonder how, for example, linoleum differs from laminate or carpet from carpet, what are their pros and cons. Often the difference becomes visible in the use of the same material in different types of premises already in practice. Empirically and hundreds of thousands of buyers have identified the features and benefits of different types of coverage, including carpet.
Laminate and carpet are aesthetically pleasing, an important interior detail and can be used in most types of rooms.
Laminate at the same time requires an exceptionally flat surface and does not tolerate prolonged contact with moisture. In the bathroom and in the kitchen, it will quickly become unusable, while synthetic carpet will serve there for a long time.
To keep laminate flooring warm, an underfloor heating system should be laid, and the carpet itself provides a heat-insulating coating. Laying laminate panels is more difficult than laying a single piece of carpet.
Linoleum and synthetic carpet are close to each other in their properties. Both of these coatings make the floor soft, warm, muffle sounds, can have a relief tile texture or a smooth surface, and are easy to clean. Coatings have approximately the same service life before fading and obvious traces of mechanical damage.
At the same time, linoleum is not always made of harmless materials, and natural pile can cause allergies.
Advantages of carpet over other types of flooring:
- Closes a small area with one cut from wall to wall;
- The color and texture of the coating retain its original appearance for many years;
- Many types of weaving are sufficiently elastic, so furniture does not leave marks on the surface;
- You can use different types of cleaning: dry, washing vacuum cleaner, household chemicals;
- Pile, the basis of the coating and the air cushion, which is located between the floor and the carpet, create a soft and warm surface, which is pleasant to walk barefoot on;
- Muffles the sounds of steps, equipment, falling objects, playing pets;
- To lay the coating, you do not need to be a professional in the field of repair, you can do it yourself;
- The soft fleecy flooring is not only pleasant to walk on, you can sit and lie on it;
- The use of material of certain colors and textures helps to visually change the area of \u200b\u200bthe space.
Carpeting is not without some disadvantages:
- Natural materials of animal origin can cause allergies;
- Some types of coatings are capricious in relation to detergents;
- Some materials are electrified and do not tolerate moisture well;
- In the untreated pile, insects can start;
- Over time, the paint fades from exposure to sunlight;
- Requires frequent cleaning;
- Absorbs odors.
Care
In order for the floor covering to retain its beautiful appearance for longer and not serve as a breeding ground for bacteria and insects, it is important to properly care for it. Carpet care includes cleaning, washing and painting.
According to general recommendations, the coating in the children's room and places with high traffic should be cleaned every other day. Wet cleaning in the nursery should be done once a week, and in other rooms - once every 3-4 weeks. Professional deep cleaning with the call of the master at home - once every six months.
Flooring in different rooms requires different care. The correct method should be described in the accompanying documentation for the coating and it is undesirable to violate it. Any stains should be removed immediately, otherwise they will eat deep into the pile, becoming difficult to remove.
A broom and a brush in carpet cleaning are absolutely not effective. They do not clean out the dust, dirt and crumbs accumulated between the villi, and this is the most favorable environment for the appearance of bacteria, insects and mold.
Any chemical products must be tested on a small area of the coating in an inconspicuous place before use.
Alcohol stains are well removed with soap and vinegar, tea and coffee with a mixture of vinegar, glycerin and cold water. Dried stains are first soaked with glycerin, then removed with soapy water. Chewing gum should be frozen with ice, grease should be briefly moistened with kerosene, wax and paraffin are equally effectively removed with ice or an iron and a napkin. Street dirt is dried and removed with a brush.
Caring for carpet made from natural materials has several other recommendations:
- Clean up at least 2-3 times a week.
- For effective cleaning, it is better to choose a vacuum cleaner with a special rotating brush that separates the sticky villi and draws out all the dirt between them.
- Washing vacuum cleaners are contraindicated for fleecy natural products, since they do not dry out for a long time and become a favorable environment for the life of fungal organisms and bacteria.
- When dry cleaning, carpet powders will be effective.
- You can maintain the color of the coating by treating the pile with a brush slightly moistened in a solution of ammonia and water (3 tablespoons per 1 liter).
Care of products made of synthetic materials:
- The best way to clean is to alternate dry and wet cleaning.
- After using a washing vacuum cleaner, the surface of the flooring must be thoroughly dried so that there is no feeling of dampness.
- Do not get carried away with steam and wet cleaning, this destroys the antibacterial impregnation of the product.
- Synthetic textile surfaces, like natural ones, need deep cleaning every six months.
For painting carpets, a specialized paint for carpets is used in the form of a spray or diluted with one's own hand.
To prepare the paint, it is necessary to dilute the dye and ammonia in a liter of boiling water, mix and boil for 10 minutes. After an hour, the cooled solution is combined with a chrompic (chemical reagent) diluted in cold water. Next, the mixture is filtered through cheesecloth. The dye is ready.
It should be applied to a thoroughly cleaned coating with a brush, painting over to the base. Almost any color is available, but it is important to remember that the original dark cannot be covered with a very light one. It works much better the other way around.
Mounting Features
Carpeting refers to those types of coverage, self-laying of which does not require professional skills. You can lay it yourself, you just need to get a small set of tools and do the job carefully.
Whether the coating will lie in a continuous sheet or whether it needs to be adjusted to corners and protrusions depends on the features of the layout. How to cut it to go around, for example, a ledge in the wall, is intuitive. To do this, you just need to measure the sides of the "obstacle" and repeat its contours on the cover sheet when it is fitted to the walls with a margin of 10-15 cm.
It is better to cut the carpet lengthwise, along the line of the carcass thread from the wrong side. As a tool, a carpet knife, electric scissors or a sharp cutter is used. The choice depends on self-confidence and the ability to work with cutting tools. Before cutting off a fragment, you need to mark the dimensions of the extra piece of material and connect all the points along the ruler.
You can start laying under the following conditions:
- The subfloor is level, dry and clean.
- Carpet has passed "acclimatization" - spent at least a day in the room, which is planned to be laid out.
- The temperature in the room is not lower than 15 degrees, the humidity does not exceed 70%.
- The entire list of necessary tools is available: a knife, glue, a roller, a ruler, a felt-tip pen, slats or skirting boards.
How to lay carpet yourself, see the video below.
The installation itself is done in one of four ways:
- The first method involves the use of small areas. The coating sheet is laid on the surface, covering the baseboards, then rolled with a roller from the middle to the walls and V-shaped cuts are made at the corners. Extra centimeters above the baseboards are cut off with a knife, and the edges are fixed with metal slats.
- The second method is similar in technology to gluing wallpaper, only the surface is horizontal, not vertical. A sheet of carpet is laid in the center of the room, first one edge is folded to the middle, and the base area under it is smeared with glue. Then the glue is allowed to “grab” and the edge of the sheet is lowered to the floor. Roll with a roller from the center in all directions so that there are no air bubbles between the flooring and the floor. Then the same is done with the second edge.
- The following method is suitable for large areas that cannot be covered with a single sheet width. It implies the simultaneous connection of parts that overlap each other by 3-5 cm. The sheets themselves are glued to the floor, as in the previous version.
- The last method - stretching - can only be performed by professional craftsmen. A sheet of carpet is fixed against one wall and stretched with special tools over the entire surface of the floor, using the elasticity of the textile product.
How to choose?
When choosing a cover, it is important to consider:
- What material is the substrate made of?
- What is the sheet thickness. Under a single-layer carpet, an additional lining is needed, which will retain heat, provide softness and sound insulation;
- What is the density of the pile (the denser it is, the less debris and dust will accumulate in the gaps between the threads, the color will last longer, the material will be less abraded);
- Track width. If the area of the base in the room exceeds the dimensions of the sheet in width, it is important to calculate in advance what sizes the carpet cuts should be and how they should be laid;
- Natural or artificial pile of the product;
- The type of room in which the coverage is selected. A warm natural pile is needed in a bedroom or a nursery, but in the corridor it is better to choose a dense synthetic one.
- You also need to consider that the appearance of the coating must match the place. It is unlikely that an elite long-haired carpet is appropriate in the corridor, and a toilet flooring in a luxurious bedroom.
- Color tone. For rooms with high traffic, non-staining shades are suitable; in the living room and bedroom, light, cheerful colors will be more appropriate.
Carpet is a universal flooring for a house, apartment and even office. Numerous reviews confirm that this seamless surface is used in almost all functional areas of the room. The long pile carpet looks luxurious in the living room, it is a bright and cozy element in the nursery, a nice addition to the soft bed in the bedroom. The soft finish of the stairs inside the house looks beautiful.