Atony of the large intestine symptoms and treatment. Intestinal atony symptoms and treatment. Medical treatment of atony - photo gallery
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If there are problems with emptying, it means that the tone of the intestine is reduced and peristalsis is disturbed. Constipation indicates a pathological condition, it does not appear on its own.
One of these diseases is atony of the large intestine. With pathology, the muscles do not cope with their function due to loss of elasticity.
What is intestinal atony? Atony is a disease characterized by the occurrence of violations when trying to empty.
The pathological condition develops in people who are overweight and lead a sedentary lifestyle.
Causes
Intestinal atony: what is it and why does it occur? Many conditions can cause the formation of pathology.
The disease is often found in people living in developed countries who move little and eat unhealthy snacks on the go.
The causes of atony are primarily hidden in nutritional errors. The modern population practically does not follow what they use. High-calorie food, the body does not have enough fiber and dietary fiber to function normally.
As a result, malnutrition leads to disruption of the intestines, weakening the tone of the muscles of the colon and rectum.
Helminths can clog the bile ducts or block the intestinal lumen.
In addition, hypodynamia affects the development of intestinal atony. It leads to a decrease in the innervation ability of the muscles of the walls of the organ, weakens.
Other causes of atony:
- disturbed psycho-emotional state;
- intestinal infections;
- prolonged use of antispasmodics, morphine-like analgesics;
- dysbacteriosis;
- malignant formations;
- heredity.
Atony may result from surgery. Postoperative ailment is temporary, occurs as a complication after surgical procedures on the organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
The causes of the disease in the elderly lie in the process of physiological aging. All organs and systems of the body are exposed to it, so the pathological condition accompanies every second person who is over 50 years old.
In addition to the main causes of colon disease, doctors identify risk factors that affect development, but are not the main condition for the onset of the disease:
- nicotine;
- drugs;
- alcohol;
- obesity;
- menopause;
- adhesions in the abdominal cavity.
The causes of the disease are still being elucidated. Doctors suspect the involvement of an inflammatory process caused by certain cells in the intestine, as well as direct mechanical irritation of the organ.
Other causes of the disease may be impaired blood circulation or congenital malformations. For example, neurogenic ileus, rotation anomalies.
Symptoms
It is important to know the symptoms and treatment of atony in order to recognize the disease in a timely manner and provide first aid.
Atonic constipation is the main manifestation of the disease. Such a sign of the disease is said to be when the stool is delayed for more than 2 days.
Constipation is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- cramping pains;
- bloating;
- belching;
- feeling of fullness;
- imperative ineffectual urge to defecate;
- bursting.
After a bowel movement, the nature of the feces is somewhat different than with a normal bowel movement. The initial portion of the content is voluminous and dense, the final portion is semi-formed.
There may be blood in the stool or on the toilet paper. This is because the anus and rectum are not stretched enough to allow dense feces (coprolites or fecal stones) to pass through, resulting in small tears.
Extraintestinal signs of constipation include loss of appetite, dizziness and headaches, dryness and flaking of the skin, general weakness, decreased emotional tone.
In the presence of such a disease, with prolonged constipation, toxic substances penetrate into other organs.
In an adult, symptoms of intoxication appear:
- nausea;
- vomit;
- increase in body temperature;
- jumps in blood pressure;
- chronic drowsiness;
- pain in muscles and joints.
If atony is not treated for a long time, intoxication passes into a chronic stage, which is characterized by plaque on the tongue, skin rashes, irritability, and an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity. Hair loss is also possible with this disease.
Diagnostics
Before starting the treatment of intestinal atony, diagnostic measures should be taken to determine the cause of the disease.
For problems related to the stomach or intestines, a gastroenterologist or surgeon should be consulted.
The traditional way to study the state of the body is x-ray. The procedure is painless, does not require the use of anesthesia or drugs for this disease. Diagnosis of the disorder is carried out in the clinic, but for bedridden patients it is possible to conduct an x-ray examination with a home visit.
Also, to find out what caused the development of intestinal atony, the following diagnostic procedures are carried out:
- The endoscopic method allows you to assess the state of the organ and identify deviations in the digestive system. The doctor can visually assess motor skills, identify inflammation, other diseases, polyps. Before a colonoscopy, it is necessary to follow a slag-free diet, cleanse with laxatives or enemas.
- The procedure is carried out to obtain data on all parts of the large intestine. The main preparation for the procedure is cleansing with drugs or an enema. The study is carried out to assess the extensibility of the walls, the state of the mucosa and the functional state.
- X-ray of the passage of barium reveals diverticula, tumors, strictures. Allows you to determine the violation of absorption and motility of the small intestine.
They also carry out a coprogram - this is an analysis of feces.
If previous diagnostic procedures did not indicate the cause of atony, it would be advisable to visit a neurologist and a psychologist. Doctors also conduct a complete psychological and psycho-neurological examination, which is part of the complex of diagnostic procedures for this disease.
Complications and consequences
Frequent constipation worsens the patient's quality of life. Atony affects not only the emotional state (a person becomes irritable, touchy), it negatively affects the appearance.
The disease leads to a deterioration in complexion, skin rashes, which are difficult to get rid of without medical intervention.
Putrefactive processes begin, due to clogging of the lumen of the colon with feces. Such a consequence provokes the appearance of allergies.
With the disease, a violation of the absorption process is observed, beriberi and iron deficiency anemia appear.
The most severe complication of atony is intestinal obstruction. The disease causes severe intoxication of the body.
A high degree of slagging increases the risk of oncological pathologies.
Treatment
How to treat atony of the intestine? Patients often go to the hospital when drugs used to treat constipation (laxatives) have stopped working. This cannot be done. These drugs do not eliminate the cause, they only relieve the symptoms of the disease.
With intestinal atony, the symptoms and treatment of which should be known to everyone suffering from constipation, treatment should be comprehensive. At the same time, drugs are used for intestinal atony, diet, exercise, hirudotherapy and normalize lifestyle.
Combining all methods, you can quickly achieve a good result, cure the disease and prevent the recurrence of the disease.
Medicines for the treatment of atony:
- Antrasennin (secretory drug). Over 12 years of age, 1-2 tablets or ½-1 cube at bedtime.
- Senade and Regulax: adults 1-2 tablets. If there is no effect, the dose is increased to 2-3 tablets. Children 1-6 years old: ⅓ tablets.
- Bisacodyl (a laxative for chronic constipation). Adults: 1 or 2 tablets daily (5-10 mg). Children 6 to 12 years old: 1 tablet (5 mg) daily.
- Dufalac (laxative). Adults - 15–45 ml. Children 7–14 years old - 15 ml; 1–6 years - 5–10 ml; up to 1 year - up to 5 ml.
- Cerucal (antiemetic drug). Adults - 10 mg up to 3 times a day.
- Espumizan (against bloating). Adults: 80 mg once. Children from 6 to 14 years old: 40-80 mg once.
- Amiridin. Inside appoint 0.01-0.02 g (10-20 mg) 3 times a day. Under the skin and intramuscularly - from 5 to 15 mg (1 ml of 0.5%-1 ml of 1.5% solution) 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment is 1–2 months.
If, with intestinal atony, treatment with other drugs did not help the patient, the use of the drug Prozerin is prescribed. It is used on an outpatient basis.
People with this disease also use a remedy made from flax seeds and large-leaf green tea.
Diet for intestinal atony is an important component of treatment. Food should be low-calorie, doctors recommend eating plant foods rich in fiber, this substance stimulates peristalsis.
Nutrition for intestinal atony is fractional. The multiplicity of meals should be at least 5 times a day in small portions.
The menu is compiled individually for each patient, taking into account his needs. All food is boiled, stewed or baked. You can not eat fatty, smoked, pickles.
Dietary nutrition should be observed for the entire period of treatment, and this is some time after it.
You can eat the following foods:
- lean poultry, beef;
- barley, buckwheat, millet porridge;
- pumpkin, cranberries, peaches, oranges;
- dry biscuits and stale bread (not fresh);
- dairy products.
From vegetables, carrots, tomatoes, zucchini should be preferred.
With intestinal atony, the diet should not contain sweets, chocolate, garlic, pears, blueberries, rice, canned food.
Good intestinal motility ensures the proper functioning of the digestive tract. Violation of contractility leads to the accumulation of toxins, worsening the patient's well-being. Useful substances are not fully absorbed by the body, and this affects the health of all internal organs, as well as the appearance of a person.
What is intestinal atony
The intestine has a multilayer complex structure. To perform a motor function and the ability to move lumps of food, it is in constant tone. As a result of the action of adverse factors, its walls can weaken, then a functional disorder will occur, which is called intestinal atony.
Pathology leads to stagnation of feces, symptoms of discomfort, problems with digestion. More often, the process develops slowly, over a long period of time. The main task of the patient during this period is to notice changes in his health and seek medical advice.
Symptoms of the disease
Symptoms of intestinal atony depend on the degree of neglect of the pathological process. The root cause also plays a role - whether the problem was the result of mechanical damage or a consequence of a malfunction of the nervous system.
The main symptoms of the disease are constipation and digestive dysfunction. Problems with emptying can be expressed in incomplete, difficult or rare act of defecation. Medicine gives a fairly wide range of normal stool frequency - from 3 times a week to three times a day. Going beyond this framework, a person must understand that something is wrong in his body.
Simultaneously with a change in the frequency of emptying, the consistency of excrement delivers discomfort. They become dry, hard, which leads to cracks in the rectum and microtrauma of the intestinal mucosa.
Stagnation of fecal masses and a decrease in the tone of the muscle wall are accompanied by complex symptoms. Patients complain of such discomfort as:
- Cramping pains.
- Urge to defecate, which does not end with emptying and does not bring relief.
- Belching, heartburn.
- Nausea, a violation of the general condition due to the accumulation of harmful substances and intoxication.
- Feeling of heaviness, bloating.
- Increased fatigue.
Objectively, the doctor diagnoses the patient with anemia, nutritional deficiencies, hypovitaminosis, neurovegetative disorders, and changes in complexion.
What causes disease
The weakening of the functional tone of the intestinal wall may occur as a result of pathologies of the muscle layer or problems with the conduction of nerve impulses that provide the contraction mechanism. More often, atony is the result of mild disorders, in particular, an unhealthy lifestyle. Of the main causes that lead to hypotension, there are:
- Lack of daily physical activity. It causes weakening of the walls of the organ and peristalsis.
- Psycho-emotional stress.
- Long-term use of certain medications.
- Unhealthy diet, alcohol abuse, smoking.
- Hormonal disruptions - endocrine diseases, pregnancy or menopause.
- Intestinal infections and other changes in the balance of microflora.
- Helminthiasis, which results in mechanical damage, disrupts the absorption of nutrients and water in the large intestine.
Less often, the cause of atony is postoperative complications, a genetic predisposition. A physiological decrease in intestinal tone can be observed in the elderly, which also leads to symptoms of discomfort and affects the health of the whole body.
Atony during pregnancy is often a temporary disorder. It occurs as a result of an increased content of progesterone, as well as mechanical squeezing of the intestine by a growing uterus. Minor dysfunctions are sometimes observed after surgery in the peritoneal region.
Diagnosis of the disease
A gastroenterologist or proctologist will help a patient identify a problem with the intestines. After listening to complaints, the doctor will make an assumption about the cause, after which he will prescribe the necessary examinations.
Of the most informative methods, colonoscopy and bacteriological culture of feces are used. Sometimes x-rays are taken with a contrast agent (barium). First of all, serious pathologies are excluded - cancer, congenital anomalies, mechanical damage. Additionally, you may need to consult a neurologist or psychotherapist.
Treatment of intestinal atony
It is necessary to restore the functional ability of the organ. Without identifying the root cause, this is quite difficult to do, the treatment will only mask the symptoms, but not get rid of the disease.
Therapy of atony is aimed at improving the motor function of the intestine. To do this, doctors prescribe a complex scheme that includes several components.
Medicines
Lifestyle modification is an important, and sometimes even the main, line of therapy. But often you still have to turn to medication. For this, the following drugs can be prescribed:
- Prokinetics. Stimulate motor skills, improve the movement of food.
- Cholagogue. Irritate the intestinal walls, accelerate emptying.
- Laxatives. The safest lactulose-based products that can be used for a long time. Thanks to them, bowel movements occur regularly, gently and efficiently.
- Enzymes. They improve the breakdown of food, complementing the functions of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
All medicines must be prescribed by a doctor, as improper or uncontrolled use will not only be ineffective, but also dangerous.
Phytotherapy
Folk remedies will help get rid of constipation. Some medicinal herbs are part of the pharmacy medical fees. You can also buy ready-made raw materials to make a healthy infusion yourself. For symptoms of atonic bowel, it is recommended:
- Series.
- Flax seed.
- Burdock.
Broths are prepared according to the instructions that are written on the packaging with raw materials.
A remedy based on honey with aloe leaves is also popular. To do this, the ingredients are mixed, heated to 40 degrees, after which they insist for a day. You need to take the medicinal mixture before breakfast in a tablespoon.
A complete dish for lunch or dinner can be prepared according to the following recipe: a slice of pumpkin without skin is cut into cubes. Chopped onions are added to it and the beans are pre-boiled. All components are stewed in a deep bowl with a small amount of vegetable oil.
Diet
With mild dysfunctions, a positive result can only be achieved by correcting nutrition. For constipation, dietary table No. 3 is recommended, more precise instructions are given by the doctor individually for each patient.
Fresh vegetables and fruits are included in the diet. The natural process of defecation is stimulated by foods containing anthraglycosides (figs, prunes, beets, dried apricots). Juices with pulp, fermented milk foods and drinks are preferred. Vegetable fats have a laxative effect. Bran and fiber are considered useful for the intestines, which contribute to the swelling of feces, reducing their density, as well as active emptying.
Tea is limited and everything that contains tannin (cocoa, blueberries). The patient should choose a gentle way of cooking (cooking, baking), as well as use less seasonings, chemical additives. If possible, meals should be taken as a puree, reducing the portion size, but increasing the frequency of intake.
The best choice is mineral waters, which are able to maintain an optimal balance of electrolytes. The amount of liquid you drink cannot be less than two liters per day. In some patients, constipation occurs due to fluid deficiency, so it is easily corrected by drinking regimen. For other etiologies, a sufficient amount of water will help soften the stool and facilitate the process of emptying.
Physical activity
Bed rest and a sedentary lifestyle negatively affect all muscles, including the intestines. You should fight physical inactivity, do not stay in one position for more than 30 minutes. Gymnastics aimed at strengthening the press and pelvic muscles will help improve intestinal motility:
- Lying on your back, raise your legs. Imagine riding a bike.
- Get on your knees and lean on your elbows. Lower your buttocks to the floor while straightening your arms. The exercise is performed first to the right, and then to the left.
- Get on all fours. Alternately stretch your legs back and bend in the spine. This posture will improve the outflow of blood from the pelvic area, strengthen the muscles of the buttocks and back.
Prognosis and complications
The main part of constipation lends itself well to correction if the patient does not have organic lesions of the intestine, obstruction and other serious diseases. The prognosis of treatment is favorable.
The lack of adequate therapy is dangerous due to the accumulation of feces, a high probability of intoxication, as well as nutritional deficiencies. Doctors consider excess toxins to be the main cause of facial allergies. The patient himself rarely connects these pathologies, choosing the wrong therapy.
Intestinal atony is a condition associated with a decrease in peristalsis (contractility) of the muscles. As a result, digestion and the promotion of the food bolus, and subsequently the feces, slow down significantly. Against this background, concomitant diseases develop - inflammation of individual sections or the entire intestine. Atony can develop as an independent disease. But more often it appears against the background of others - chronic pathologies of the digestive, endocrine system, diseases of the nervous system, etc.
The intestine is an organ in the form of a hollow tube, the length of which reaches several meters. It consists of departments of different lengths. Each section of the intestine has its own process:
- in the duodenum, food is broken down with the help of enzymes;
- in the longest - the small intestine - the main process of digestion occurs - the absorption of most nutrients;
- water, electrolytes, some vitamins are absorbed in the large intestine, denser stool masses are formed;
- the rectum is the final section, its function is the formation and excretion of feces.
Throughout the intestine is lined with smooth muscles. They are periodically reduced (15-18 times per minute), which ensures the promotion of the food bolus. If the frequency of contractions decreases, we can talk about the presence of intestinal atony in a person.
Causes
This condition is often diagnosed in urban residents, especially in office workers. Residents of rural areas are practically not susceptible to this disease, since their diet contains a lot of fiber. But in some cases, intestinal atony appears in them - mainly in the presence of a hereditary predisposition.
The main causes of atony are:
- too high-calorie food, in which there is practically no fiber. Pastries, sweets, semi-finished products, sausages, fast food - not the whole list of products, the regular use of which entails a decrease in peristalsis;
- replacing a full meal with regular snacks. Because of this, a food lump of sufficient volume is not formed in the intestine;
- constant stress. The work of the nervous system is disrupted, spasms and muscle clamps appear;
Stress is one of the factors for digestive problems.
- sedentary lifestyle, decreased muscle tone;
- taking certain medications, especially painkillers and antispasmodics, which reduce the frequency of muscle contractions. Also, atony may be the result of prolonged use of laxatives against the background of existing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or inaccuracies in nutrition;
- age. In older people, a decrease in peristalsis develops against the background of a decrease in physical activity, as well as a slowdown in all processes in the body;
- postoperative condition - a temporary condition that develops after surgical operations on the organs of the digestive tract and abdominal cavity;
After the operation, there may be malfunctions in the intestines.
- atherosclerosis of vessels, including those in the intestine;
- tumors in the intestines. Cancer cells release toxins that slow down the transmission of nerve impulses. In addition, the process of absorption of nutrients is disrupted and the intestinal lumen decreases;
- existing inflammatory bowel disease, insufficient production of digestive enzymes.
Important! The more factors simultaneously present in a person's life, the greater the likelihood of slowing down motor skills and the appearance of digestive problems.
Symptoms
Many patients mistake the first manifestations of the disease for a slight indigestion or an exacerbation of a chronic gastrointestinal disease. Therefore, they rarely go to the doctor, which makes subsequent treatment difficult.
Signs of intestinal atony
- The so-called atonic constipation - stool retention for 48 hours or more. With frequent constipation, dense fecal stones form in the intestines. They are a source of toxins. And when you exit (for example, after an enema or taking laxatives) often lead to damage to the rectum.
- Increased gas formation, distension in the abdomen. They are caused by fermentation of food that stagnates for too long in the upper intestines.
- Pain syndrome. It is weakly expressed, sometimes the patient is disturbed by aching pains associated with intestinal overflow. The pain decreases or even disappears after a bowel movement.
- Lack of appetite.
- Nausea.
- Difficulty emptying the intestines, which is accompanied by pain, a feeling of fullness.
- Weakness, frequent dizziness. They arise due to constant intoxication, as well as anemia caused by impaired absorption of iron.
- With prolonged (more than 3 days) constipation, the temperature and blood pressure may increase, intestinal inflammation develops.
Due to the accumulation of toxins in a patient with atony, a rash on the skin, foci of irritation may appear. In some, the secretion of the sebaceous glands increases, acne appears. This is because the skin takes on an excretory function and tries to remove harmful substances through the pores. Also, a person with long-term constipation develops an unpleasant body odor and sweat - even if he regularly takes a shower.
Diagnostics
If symptoms of indigestion appear, you should consult a gastroenterologist. Since chronic constipation often provokes diseases of the rectum, a consultation and examination with a proctologist may be required.
The diagnosis of "intestinal atony" is made on the basis of a patient interview, examination and some studies. A number of tests help assess the degree of impairment and the possibility of full recovery. Their implementation will allow the doctor to develop the most effective treatment tactics.
Basic Research
- Analysis of feces for dysbacteriosis and coprogram.
- A blood test for thyroid hormones will help assess the condition of the thyroid gland. Often it is the problems in its work that lead to a decrease in the tone of the intestinal muscles.
- Colonoscopy is an endoscopic method that allows you to assess the condition of the intestinal mucosa, exclude ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and other more serious pathologies. As part of this procedure, a biopsy of the intestinal mucosa is performed.
- Irrigoscopy is an x-ray examination of the large intestine using a contrast agent. Helps to identify tumors, scars, ulcers and other damage that may affect the functioning of the digestive system.
- X-ray with contrast gives a clear picture of the condition of the small intestine. It helps to identify possible neoplasms, ulcers, erosion, foci of inflammation.
In the absence of organic pathology, the gastroenterologist may recommend that the patient consult a neurologist or psychologist, since intestinal atony is often caused by psychological problems, stress, anxiety, and nervous exhaustion.
Treatment
The duration of treatment depends on how the process is started. In the early stages, it is possible to restore the tone of the intestinal muscles quite quickly. Those who put off a visit to the doctor for several years, it will take months to recover.
The nature of therapy and the number of medications depends on the causes that led to atony. But the basis of quality treatment in any case is dietary nutrition.
Diet for intestinal atony
With this disease, the patient is prescribed dietary table No. 3 - as in other chronic intestinal pathologies. Its purpose is the mechanical stimulation of motor skills through the use of large amounts of roughage and fiber. You need to eat several times a day - at least three. The ideal option is 4-5 meals with a mandatory breakfast.
Important! The first meal within 60-90 minutes after waking up starts the digestive tract. People who do not eat breakfast are more likely to experience intestinal atony.
Long periods of fasting should be avoided, as well as snacking on fast carbohydrates. When choosing between a piece of fruit, a handful of nuts, a cookie or a candy bar, you should choose the first two options.
The best snack is fresh or dried fruits and nuts
Be sure to drink a glass of water or freshly squeezed juice before breakfast. Beetroot is especially useful: it has anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects, enhances peristalsis.
Exclude from the diet: sour vegetables and fruits, spices, smoked meats, too fatty foods, fried foods, pastries, sweets, alcohol, coffee. Rice, pasta, bread and eggs, sour berries and sauces, foods containing starch are also prohibited. Everything that can cause fermentation is also excluded.
Add to the diet: vegetable soups and salads, crumbly cereals, sour-milk products, seafood and low-fat fish, vegetable oils (add to salads and cereals), fresh, baked and dried fruits. Bran, steamed for 15-20 minutes with boiling water, can be added to ready-made dishes (soups, cereals, vegetable purees, fermented baked milk and yogurts). Additionally, they will speed up satiety, help reduce the amount of food eaten and reduce weight.
You need to drink enough water. Tea, juices do not count: every day you need to drink several glasses of clean drinking water.
Medicines
A number of medications are used to treat atony of the intestine. Most are aimed at eliminating the causes and consequences of the disease.
The main groups of medicines
- Prokinetics - stimulate peristalsis: "Motilium", "Amiridin", "Metoclopramide", "Prozerin", "Trimedat", distigmine bromide. Many drugs in this group require constant medical supervision during the course of administration, therefore they are used in a hospital setting.
- Cholagogue. Their intake is required if during digestion not enough bile enters the intestines, which has a stimulating effect on motility: Allochol, Cholenzim, Holosas. Gentle but effective herbal preparations.
- Laxatives - facilitate and help make bowel movements regular.
"Duphalac" - a mild laxative
- Digestive enzymes normalize the digestion process and compensate for the lack of their own enzymes: "Pancreatin".
- Probiotics normalize the composition of the intestinal microflora. They contain live cultures of bifido- and lactobacilli (Bifiform, Bifidumbacterin, Lineks). At the same time, prebiotics are often prescribed, which allow you to create an environment in the intestine that is optimal for the reproduction of beneficial bacteria.
- Drugs to reduce the manifestations of flatulence (do not treat, only remove the symptoms): "Espumizan".
Laxatives deserve special attention. Most are sold in pharmacies without a prescription, so people often abuse them and harm their own health. If the correction of the diet did not help to normalize the stool, or changes in nutrition did not have time to have the desired effect, the doctor temporarily prescribes laxatives. But only those that are really suitable for a particular patient.
Table. Laxatives
Group | Action | Preparations |
---|---|---|
They increase the flow of fluid to the intestines, accumulate fluid, thin the stool. The action is mild, not accompanied by pain and spasms. Disadvantage: they do not act immediately - the effect occurs after a few hours and even days. | ● "Lactulose"; ●"Duphalac"; ●"Normolact; ●Fortrans. |
|
Natural laxatives that can be used on a regular basis. Most are not medicines, but doctors recommend using them in a certain dosage during the course of treatment. During digestion, they increase in volume, increase pressure on the intestinal walls, thereby stimulating muscle contraction. Do not cause addiction and adverse reactions - except in cases of individual intolerance. | ●bran; ●polycarbophil calcium; ●plantain seeds; ● seaweed; ● "Mukofalk". |
|
Reduce the amount of fluid absorbed in the intestines, keep the softness of the feces, dilute them. Disadvantages: cause painful spasms, lead to electrolyte imbalance. | ●castor oil; ●preparations based on the herb senna ("Senade"); ●"Bisacodyl"; ●Regulax. |
|
They play the role of a lubricant: they strengthen and accelerate the “sliding” of feces through the intestines. | Vegetable oils, liquid paraffin. |
Folk remedies for intestinal atony
Traditional medicine offers dozens of ways to improve intestinal motility, normalize stools.
Calamus and rhubarb tincture
Effective and fast acting. For cooking, you need gentian, calamus and rhubarb root in equal proportions. The mixture must be poured with 70-degree alcohol (for 1 part of vegetable raw materials - 10 parts of alcohol). Infuse for two weeks in a dark place, then drink a teaspoon twice a day before meals.
Aloe and honey
Delicious and effective way. Peel and chop a few leaves, mix with honey heated to 40 degrees. Let it sit for a day. Then take a tablespoon half an hour before breakfast.
Important! The product itself is stored in the refrigerator. But to enhance the effect, a single serving must be heated before use.
Tea with oregano
Herbal teas help to reduce the manifestations of flatulence, as well as calm the nerves, help to endure stress more easily. A tablespoon of dried oregano should be poured with a glass of boiling water, leave for 10-15 minutes. Drink a glass in the morning on an empty stomach, and also in the evening shortly before bedtime.
mint milk
This tool eliminates spasms, gently stimulates motor skills, has a slight sedative effect. Heat a glass of milk, add half a teaspoon of mint leaf juice and the same amount of honey. You need to take for two weeks half a glass 3 times a day before meals. If you have lactose intolerance, milk can be replaced with warm water.
Peppermint milk is mild but effective
Rowan tincture
Pour red rowan berries with sugar, keep for at least 4 weeks in a well-lit room. Then squeeze the syrup, add a little alcohol (half a liter of syrup - no more than 25 ml). You can store the finished mixture in the refrigerator for up to two weeks. Drink a small glass in the morning on an empty stomach.
Important! This method is undesirable for the treatment of atony in children, patients with heart, kidney and liver diseases, as well as those who previously had problems with alcohol.
Vegetable oil
A gentle remedy that will help eliminate constipation and normalize bowel function. Enough in the morning on an empty stomach to drink 1 tablespoon of oil. In the presence of an inflammatory process in the intestines or stomach, sea buckthorn can be used for this purpose.
Prevention
To prevent the development of atony, it is necessary to adhere to a healthy lifestyle and diet. To do this, it is necessary to limit the consumption of refined and processed foods, processed foods, baked goods and alcohol. To improve motor skills, it is worth adding vegetables and fruits, cereals and other foods rich in fiber to the diet. Do not give up fatty foods, but they should be consumed in moderation. One and a half to two liters of drinking water will help soften the stool and prevent the development of constipation.
Another condition for prevention is physical activity. If there is no time or opportunity to play sports, you should at least walk more in the fresh air. An hour of walking will be enough. If there is a tendency to slow peristalsis, it is important to perform at least a minimal set of gymnastic exercises. Especially useful are those that involve the abdominal muscles.
Healthy sleep and the absence of constant stress are other conditions that will help to avoid an atonic bowel condition.
Remember that atony is a reversible condition: the work of the smooth muscles of the intestine can be restored if the process is not allowed to take its course.
Video - Atony of the intestine: what is it
Often, when problems arise with bowel function, people begin taking laxatives on their own. This only worsens the situation, since any medication becomes addictive, and the mucous membrane is constantly irritated. Enemas also cannot be used uncontrollably - this is a one-time way to solve a problem situation. In the article we will talk about the symptoms and causes of intestinal atony, as well as the most effective folk methods for its treatment.
What is intestinal atony
A functional condition in which the natural peristalsis of the intestine (the ability of smooth muscles to contract) is disturbed is called atony. Weakening of contractility causes:
- malfunction of the digestive tract;
- difficult withdrawal of feces;
- chronic constipation;
- accumulation of toxins in the intestinal lumen;
- putrefactive processes.
Causes and symptoms
A number of factors can provoke a violation of intestinal motility, in particular:
The most obvious symptom of the disease is constipation.
Lack of bowel movements becomes a serious problem
In the absence of a chair for three days, the patient's condition is accompanied by the following manifestations:
- pain, heaviness and bloating;
- weakness and irritability;
- change in complexion;
- temperature increase;
- lack of appetite.
Prolonged lack of bowel movements can lead to the formation of stones that can injure the rectum and provoke the appearance of an anal fissure. In addition, intoxication of the body reduces human immunity and sometimes causes the development of cancer.
Treatment with folk remedies
Folk recipes for atony will help to safely and effectively cleanse the intestines, as well as normalize peristalsis.
Recipes based on herbs and fees
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We use seeds and fruits of plants
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Other folk methods
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Wheat bran can normalize bowel function. To prepare a medicinal mixture, two tablespoons of bran are poured into a glass of hot milk and infused for 30 minutes. Eat the remedy on an empty stomach, if desired, it can be washed down with water. The recommended course is 10 days.
Table of contraindications
Using folk methods of treatment, possible allergic reactions and the presence of contraindications should be taken into account.
Name | Contraindications |
pregnancy, childhood, kidney failure, stomach bleeding | |
air | pregnancy, epilepsy, stomach ulcer |
Gentian | pregnancy, stomach ulcer, high blood pressure |
Rhubarb | pregnancy, cholecystitis, diabetes mellitus |
Aloe | pregnancy, hepatitis, cholecystitis |
burdock | pregnancy, high blood pressure |
Celandine | pregnancy, epilepsy, angina pectoris |
Oregano | pregnancy, stomach ulcer, renal colic |
succession | pregnancy, childhood |
Burnet | pregnancy, high blood pressure |
Mint | pregnancy, varicose veins |
Flax-seed | pregnancy, cholecystitis, pancreatitis |
Red-fruited rowan | increased blood clotting, ischemic disease, increased acidity of gastric juice |
Fennel | pregnancy |
Parsley | pregnancy, urolithiasis |
Caraway | pregnancy, gastritis with high acidity, ischemic disease, thrombophlebitis |
Blackberry | stomach ulcer |
Dill seeds | pregnancy, low blood pressure |
mustard seeds | stomach ulcer, kidney disease, gastritis, high blood pressure |
potato juice | diabetes mellitus, low acidity |
wheat bran | stomach ulcer, cholecystitis, pancreatitis |
Dieting is mandatory for bowel problems. Be sure to give up high-calorie foods and increase in your diet the amount of foods that contain fiber and a sufficient amount of dietary fiber. There are also a number of general nutritional rules that allow you to stimulate peristalsis:
- In the morning, you should always drink a glass of boiled water. This will help stretch the stomach and send a signal to the digestive tract.
- Patients, especially the elderly, are advised to take a tablespoon of sunflower oil before breakfast;
- Breakfast must be solid, it is best to eat whole grain cereals (oatmeal, millet, buckwheat).
- Do not skip lunch, for this meal you need to eat half of the recommended daily diet. Be sure to include soups on the menu.
- For dinner, it is better to prefer light meals, be sure to consume sour-milk products.
- It is advisable to drink at least 2 liters of fluid per day.
Cause a laxative effect Help normalize intestinal motility Saturate the body with vitamins and minerals Normalize the microflora
- fermented milk drinks;
- fresh and boiled vegetables, fruits;
- dried fruits (prunes, dried apricots);
- greenery;
- millet, oatmeal, buckwheat and barley groats;
- bran bread;
- soups based on vegetables;
- lean boiled meat and fish;
- seaweed.
Forbidden to use
- pastries, sweets;
- spicy, smoked and fried foods;
- fatty meat and lard;
- meat and mushroom broths;
- coffee, carbonated drinks;
- onion garlic;
- bird cherry, blueberries, pears;
- beans, radish.
With atony, an approach is needed that involves cleansing the intestines, stimulating its work and restoring the microflora. Medications, like enemas, help one-time, while causing the body to get used to the means used. Alternative methods of treatment allow you to naturally improve the work of the gastrointestinal tract.
Intestinal pathology is a factor that affects the state of the whole organism. One of the most common diseases of this organ, especially in childhood and old age, is atony, causing. How to avoid this problem, what are the methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention? Is traditional medicine effective?
Description of the disease
The term "atony" means the absence of tone. In relation to the intestines, this is a pathology in which intestinal motility is insufficient to provide regular stools. Therefore, the disease is characterized by frequent constipation, which is called "atonic".
Sometimes people who suffer from constipation immediately begin to suspect that they are atony. Meanwhile, the problem may be due to completely different reasons, for example, malnutrition, psychological factors, etc. The diagnosis of "intestinal atony" can only be made by a professional doctor.
Atony is formed due to loss of muscle tone by the intestines.
Before talking about atonic constipation, you should understand what the word “constipation” means in general. Most people believe that bowel movements must occur once a day. This is an erroneous opinion. Each person's body functions differently. It is considered normal when the interval between emptyings is from 10 to 48 hours. If there was no stool for more than two days, we can talk about constipation.
Regular constipation is accompanied by other painful conditions - weakness, depression, skin problems.
Similar problems arise in the presence of tumors or polyps in the intestines, which prevent the release of feces from the body.
Atonic constipation in children
The causes of intestinal atony in children are different, they depend on age and other factors.
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Intestinal atony in adults
In healthy adults who lead an active lifestyle, this condition is rare. At risk are:
- those who have a sedentary job;
- patients with chronic diseases;
- postoperative patients;
- pregnant women or women who have recently given birth.
Features of the disease in the elderly
At an older age, the risk of developing atony increases many times over. An elderly person can no longer move as much and actively as a young person, he accumulates chronic pathologies that require regular intake of various medications. These are risk factors that can trigger the disease.
In addition, in the elderly, atony may be due to atherosclerosis of the intestinal vessels.
Causes
There are many causes of this disease:
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Intestinal atony after surgery
After operations on the gastrointestinal tract, persistent atonic constipation often occurs. This phenomenon is temporary. After the patient begins to walk, peristalsis and intestinal motility return to normal. To alleviate the patient's condition, special drugs are prescribed. The most popular of them is Kalimin.
Kalimin helps to improve peristalsis after bowel surgery
This is a very effective remedy, but it must be taken under the supervision of a doctor, since the medicine has a lot of contraindications.
Atonic constipation after childbirth
Atonic constipation after childbirth is very common. This is due to the following reasons:
- The abdominal muscles are stretched after childbirth, the uterus has not yet returned to normal size, therefore it puts pressure on the lower intestines.
- The bowel returns to its normal location.
- The hormonal background has changed, which can also cause a decrease in tone.
- Tears and stitches cause soreness during bowel movements, which can lead to a decrease in the urge to empty the bowels.
- Psychological instability of a woman during this period.
Usually atonic constipation goes away 6-8 weeks after childbirth. This does not mean that it should not be treated. If a woman has noticed signs of such a condition in herself, she should definitely consult a doctor, since the disease can harm not only herself, but also the child who is breastfed.
Impact on the intestines of endocrine diseases
Endocrine diseases, provoked by a decrease in the activity of the thyroid gland and insufficient production of hormones, can cause intestinal atony. Such pathologies include, for example, hypothyroidism, in which not only intestinal activity slows down, but in general all processes in the body. A person experiences constant weakness, his speech becomes slow and intermittent, blood pressure decreases. Such patients sleep a lot, which also does not contribute to regular stools. The weight of patients increases, women have menstrual irregularities.
Obesity, which often accompanies diabetes, is also a risk factor.
Obesity provokes atonic constipation
In this case, it is necessary to treat, first of all, the underlying disease, since exposure directly to the intestines will not lead to the desired result.
The appearance of intestinal atony due to infection
Infections that cause atonic constipation:
An unpleasant consequence of such infectious diseases is a decrease in intestinal tone, not only due to the vital activity of harmful microorganisms, but also as a result of the influence of the drugs used.
Medical atony of the intestine
There are a lot of drugs that can cause this disease. The main ones are:
- Antispasmodics, for example, No-Shpa, Drotaverine, etc.
- Antiulcer - Famotidine, Omez, etc.
- Antacids - Maalox, Almagel, etc.
- Sorbents - Polysorb, Enterosgel, etc.
- Epilepsy drugs - Difenin, Finlepsin, etc.
- Antidepressants - Amitriptyline, Moclobemide, etc.
- Morphine-like analgesics and synthetic narcotic drugs - Omnopon, Promedol, etc.
genetic predisposition.
Regarding the hereditary factor in the development of intestinal atony, experts have no consensus. However, most studies confirm that a similar problem is observed in the next of kin. This suggests the presence of a genetic predisposition to this pathology. Therefore, if the family already had cases of this disease, all other family members are at risk.
Symptoms of intestinal atony
The main symptoms of the pathological condition are as follows:
- Constipation for more than 48 hours.
- Difficulty and pain in defecation.
- Extremely hard stool.
- Bloating, heaviness and discomfort in the abdomen.
- Bad appetite.
- Drowsiness, weakness, depression, shortness of breath.
- In advanced cases, vomiting, nausea, and fever may rise.
Do not think that all these symptoms appear at the same time. The condition worsens gradually. Frequent constipation is the main symptom that should make you see a doctor.
Diagnostics
Initially, a patient with constipation should visit their primary care physician. After the interview and examination, the doctor will refer the patient to specialists. A gastroenterologist and a proctologist can make a final diagnosis. Without their examination and the necessary tests, it is impossible to determine how difficult the patient's condition is and prescribe the necessary treatment.
Laboratory research
Usually, if bowel atony is suspected, the doctor prescribes a stool test for:
- helminths;
- hidden blood;
- bacteriological environment.
These studies are necessary in order to determine the cause of the pathology. Also, the patient may be assigned a general blood test to determine the presence of inflammatory processes in the body.
Instrumental research methods
The main instrumental studies for atonic constipation are:
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How to treat pathology
- Balanced low-calorie diet with increased fiber intake. Exclusion of fatty and fried foods, reduction of sugar intake.
- Meal frequency:
- try to take food every day at the same time in small portions;
- avoid long breaks between doses;
- The last time you need to eat at least two hours before going to bed.
- Active lifestyle, hiking, physical exercises that are recommended for this age, yoga.
- Weight loss.
- Treatment of the underlying disease in infectious and endocrine pathologies.
- Medical treatment.
Medications: Prozerin, Metoclopramide and others
In the medical treatment of intestinal atony, doctors usually prescribe two groups of drugs - laxatives and stimulants of peristalsis. The most popular at the moment are:
- Regulax is a plant-based drug with a mild effect. Helps to cleanse the large intestine, can be prescribed even to children.
- Metoclopramide - a drug that improves the motility of the muscles of the intestinal walls, which has an antiemetic effect, is used both in a hospital (usually in the form of injections) and in outpatient treatment (oral use).
- Prozerin and Amiridin are very strong drugs, they are used most often in a hospital setting, as they require medical supervision. Increase the permeability of nerve impulses and thereby improve peristalsis.
- Medicines containing enzymes that improve digestion, such as Mezim or Pancreatin.
- Espumizan is a drug that reduces gas formation.
- Candles - this method is especially often used in young children, for example, candles with glycerin, belladonna, cocoa butter.
Medical treatment of atony - photo gallery
Mezim contains enzymes that improve digestion Metoclopramide improves the motility of the muscles of the intestinal walls
Prozerin increases the permeability of nerve impulses, thereby improving peristalsis
Regulax promotes colon cleansing Candles with glycerin are used to treat children Espumizan reduces gas formation
Diet for intestinal atony
Compliance with the diet in this disease is a necessary condition for recovery. Recommended products:
- Fresh fruits and vegetables - cabbage, beets, carrots, pumpkins, cucumbers, turnips, apples, etc.
- Dried fruits, dried fruit compotes - prunes, dried apricots, figs, etc.
- Greens - dill, parsley, lettuce.
- All cereals except manna. Especially useful are buckwheat, wheat, corn, pearl barley.
- Dietary meat - chicken breast, turkey breast, lean beef in moderation.
- Bran bread.
Prohibited products:
- Fatty meat, fat.
- Oily fish.
- All fried foods.
- White bread, rolls, cookies, except for oatmeal.
- Confectionery.
Physical exercise
Physical activity in atonic constipation depends on the age of the patient. People of young and mature age are recommended walking, jogging, gymnastics. For elderly patients who, due to chronic diseases, are limited in their movements, they recommend abdominal massage, exercises in a supine position.
Gymnastic exercises to combat intestinal atony should include:
- Abdominal exercises:
- "bicycle" lying on the back;
- alternately lifting the legs from a prone position;
- lifting legs alternately standing on all fours, etc.
- Diaphragm exercises:
- take a deep breath from a standing position while raising your arms and relaxing your abdominal muscles;
- then exhale with the lowering of the arms and the tension of the abdominal muscles.
- Exercises for the muscles of the pelvis:
- simple squats;
- wedge squats;
- lifting the back from a supine position while keeping the head and legs pressed against the support;
- a few minutes of walking in place with knees raised as high as possible.
- Self-massage of the abdomen - uniform circular strokes. 10-20 circles several times a day.
Moderate physical activity will help to cope with the problem
Such simple gymnastics will help improve blood circulation, gas removal, strengthen muscles and improve intestinal motility.
Yoga
Some simple asanas are very effective for constipation, especially if done regularly.
- Tadasana - mountain pose. When performing this pose, the muscles of the press are developed, and the intestines are stimulated. It is also good for the spine. Tadasana should be done after drinking plenty of pure non-carbonated water at room temperature. This asana is especially useful in the first half of pregnancy.
- Tiryaka-tadasana - the pose of a tree leaning in the wind. Performing inclinations, it is necessary to concentrate on the tension of the abdominal wall.
- Udarkarshanasana - massage of the abdomen. This exercise begins by tilting the left knee to the support and turning the torso to the right side. It is not recommended to start with a turn to the left, since you first need to act on the right side of the intestine in the course of its movement.
Traditional medicine
The people have long known remedies that work great with atonic constipation. However, you should not use them constantly without the supervision of a doctor, as many of them can be addictive. These funds include:
- Senna leaves:
- pour a teaspoon of crushed dry leaves with 250 ml of cold water;
- leave for a day to brew, stirring every 3-4 hours;
- after 24 hours, strain the infusion and drink it, preferably in the evening before going to bed. It starts in the morning.
- Infusion of dill seeds (dill water):
- 40 g of dill seeds pour 0.5 liters of hot boiled water;
- insist in a thermos for about one hour;
- take half a glass three times a day before meals. For children, it is safer to use a pharmacy drug.
- Buckthorn bark:
- 2 tbsp. l. crushed bark add to a glass of water;
- stand in a water bath for 15 minutes;
- insist one hour;
- top up to the initial volume with boiled water at room temperature;
- drink half a glass before bed.
- Calamus rhizomes:
- pour dry crushed raw materials with vodka at the rate of 50 g per 500 ml;
- leave to infuse in a dark place for 10 days;
- shake the remedy every day;
- take 15 drops before meals, diluted with warm water.
- thyme herb:
- 2 tsp steam dry thyme with boiling water (200 ml);
- let it brew for 7-8 minutes;
- drink like tea.
- Grass succession:
- dry string powder (3 tablespoons) add to one glass of boiling water;
- keep in a water bath for 20 minutes;
- let it brew for one hour, strain;
- add boiled water to the initial volume;
- drink one-third of a glass after each meal.
- Kissel from flax seeds:
- take 3 tbsp. l. seeds and pour 500 ml of water;
- boil for 10 minutes;
- to enhance the effect, it is recommended to use not only the jelly itself, but also the seeds from which it is cooked, chewing them thoroughly.
- Seaweed salad - with a tendency to constipation, use as often as possible.
- Grapefruit juice - drink a glass in the morning before meals. Contraindicated in stomach ulcers.
- Potato and beet juice (1:1) - only freshly squeezed juices are used in the period from July to February, since at other times harmful substances accumulate in potatoes. Drink half a glass 20 minutes before meals.
Since these drugs act on the intestines more gently and have practically no contraindications (except for possible individual intolerance), doctors recommend starting treatment with them. Sometimes this is enough.