What is human papillomavirus and how to treat it. Papillomavirus in men - what is it? What is HPV in medicine?
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly human-specific infection from the Papovaviridea family, which has the ability to infect and transform epithelial cells. More than a hundred types of HPV have been identified, of which 35 infect the human urogenital tract, causing damage to the integumentary epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs.
Every sixth person is a carrier of the papillomavirus - this is indicated in WHO data. Infection caused by the papilloma virus is warts (condylomas) and belongs to the group of virus-infectious diseases that are characterized by the appearance of papillomatous formations on the skin and mucous membrane. HPV is characterized by its chronic form with constant relapses.
Causes
Why does the human papillomavirus develop, and what is it? The causative agent is a virus that affects the upper layer of the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs. Transmission of these viruses is possible only from person to person; infection occurs through contact with the skin or mucous membranes of a sick person.
Human papillomavirus infection can occur:
- During sexual intercourse. According to the International Medical Association, papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, accounting for more than 60% of cases.
- At birth. Infection can be transmitted at birth from mother to newborn baby, which subsequently leads to infection with papillomavirus or laryngeal papillomatosis.
- With autoinoculation. Self-infection can occur if basic hygiene rules are not followed: hair removal or shaving.
- By everyday means. The human papillomavirus is highly survivable and can survive for a long time in the warm, humid environment of public places, such as toilets, baths, gyms, and swimming pools. Infection occurs through various skin lesions directly through contact, use of personal hygiene items or in public places.
Different types of HPV cause or are involved in the development of:
- (62%);
- pre-invasive and invasive cervical cancer (38%);
- , urinary tract (51%);
- 10% of clinically healthy women are carriers of HPV;
- In 85% of patients with typical genital warts of the external genitalia, examination reveals additional foci of HPV infection of the vagina and cervix in severe and mild forms.
These data allow us to consider patients with human papillomavirus infections of the genital tract as a group at high risk of developing cervical intraepithelial carcinoma.
Classification
The following classification applies:
- HPV, the manifestation of which are various types of warts (HPV 1-5):
- Plantar warts (the appearance resembles a callus), these are HPV types 1-4;
- Flat warts are HPV types 3, 10, 28, 49;
- Common warts are HPV type 27.
- HPV types that affect the vulva, vagina, genitals, cervix and respiratory tract are HPV types 6, 11, 13, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35.
- HPV, the lesion of which in the form of rashes is associated with the condition of a precancerous disease (HPV of high oncogenic risk), is HPV 39 and other types.
As you can see, these benign neoplasms can form on any part of the body:
- face;
- under the breast;
- in the armpits;
- on the genitals;
- on the mucous membranes of internal organs, oral and nasal cavities.
Incubation period
The incubation period is long: from half a month to several years. Human papillomavirus infection is characterized by a hidden (latent) course. A person can become infected with several types of papillomaviruses at the same time. Under the influence of various factors, the virus is activated, its increased reproduction, and the disease enters the stage of clinical manifestations.
In most cases (up to 90%), self-healing occurs within 6-12 months, in other cases there is a long-term chronic relapsing course with possible malignancy of the process (depending on the type of virus).
Symptoms of human papillomavirus
The human immune system is strong enough to overcome the virus at an early stage of its development. And in most cases the disease does not develop. However, over time, months, years, or even decades, people may experience some symptoms of HPV infection.
There are several groups of diseases most often caused by HPV:
- Warts are round, tougher growths than the body with a diameter of 2 mm to 1 cm. The boundaries of warts are very clearly defined, and irregularly shaped warts are found. They are rough to the touch and can be of different colors. Most often they form in places where the skin is most damaged: on the hands, knees or elbows.
- Plantar warts. They develop when infected with viruses of types 1 and 2 in those places where shoes rub or press on the feet. The skin at the site of the wart becomes thicker, and the warts do not have clear boundaries.
- Condylomas acuminata– peculiar warts that appear, as a rule, on the mucous membranes and skin of the genital organs: the head of the penis and the skin of the foreskin in men, the skin of the labia in women. They can also appear in the bladder, urethra, cervix, vagina, skin around the anus, and in the mouth. Externally, these genital warts look like small convex formations, their edges are uneven (they look like cauliflower). This disease is caused by human papillomavirus types 6 and 11.
- Bowenoid papulosis. Small, flat wart plaques (somewhat similar to flat warts) appear around the genitals. It develops more often in men who constantly change sexual partners. Called by types – 16, 18, 31, 33, 42, 48, 51, 54.
Any viral infection that is constantly present in the human body (and HPV is one of these) is activated only when immunity decreases.
Human papillomavirus: photo
To find out what the human papillomavirus looks like in various manifestations, we have prepared a selection with photos.
Symptoms of human papillomavirus in women
The infection can occur in a latent form, or can cause the development of genital papillomas. Genital warts are observed mainly in women aged 15 to 30 years.
The main danger of developing a disease caused by types 16 and 18 is the development of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer reduces life expectancy by an average of 26 years. From the point of view of cancer development, only the virus that remains in the body for more than a year becomes dangerous.
Unfortunately, these diseases in women are often asymptomatic until the final stages, at which the effectiveness of treatment is significantly reduced.
Symptoms of human papillomavirus in men
For men, the human papillomavirus is less dangerous than for women. Most often they are passive carriers. The likelihood of developing cancer is much lower.
HPV in men can cause genital warts to appear on the foreskin, glans penis or frenulum. Such formations must be urgently removed, because they interfere not only with personal hygiene, but also with sexual activity.
Prevention
We list the main directions for the prevention of human papillomavirus infection:
- personal hygiene measures in public places;
- a healthy lifestyle that maintains immunity at a high level;
- correct work and rest schedule;
- moderate physical training;
- taking vitamins, fruits, juices;
- only one sexual partner (ideally);
- using a condom during sexual intercourse.
Currently, there are vaccinations against human papillomavirus: Gardasil and Cervarix. The Gardasil vaccine is effective against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 (protects against cervical cancer and genital warts), and the Cervarix vaccine is effective against HPV types 16 and 18 (protects against cervical cancer, but not against genital warts).
Treatment of human papillomavirus
Currently, there is not a single antiviral drug that would cause the disappearance of the human papillomavirus from the body.
Various interferons (reaferon, cycloferon and others) and interferonogens (poludan, prodigiosan and others) can reduce existing condylomas, but do not reduce the frequency of formation of new ones. Therefore, the main method of treating human papillomavirus remains the removal of condylomas by chemical or surgical methods.
Here are the main methods for removing papilloma tissue:
- Radiosurgical. The radio wave electrode cuts off the tumor and coagulates the vessels. An antiseptic bandage is then required.
- Laser. Contactless and bloodless method. At the site of the removed papilloma, a crust remains, under which healing proceeds. Disadvantages - risk of relapse, high cost, need to polish remaining scars.
- Electrocoagulation. In terms of efficiency, results and prices, the method is similar to the two previous methods.
- Surgical. This is an operation under local anesthesia.
Before starting treatment, be sure to ask your doctor:
- What treatments are available at the clinic where you are being treated?
- How much does each type of treatment cost and what are the possible complications?
- Will the surgery be painful?
It must be emphasized that removal of papillomas should not be considered a complete cure for human papillomavirus infection, since in this case the person does not cease to be a virus carrier, that is, papillary polyps may appear again within several years. That is why, for the purpose of prevention, doctors recommend improving the health of the entire body as a whole.
Cryocoagulation
Cryocoagulation (cauterization with liquid nitrogen) is a quick and effective method of treating genital warts. The procedure may be slightly painful and unpleasant, but this is rarely very bothersome to patients.
Cryocoagulation of condylomas is carried out in several sessions over several weeks. Complete elimination of condylomas is observed in 75-80% of patients who have undergone all procedures.
You should not try to diagnose and treat human papillomavirus yourself.
- First, you need to choose the right method.
- Secondly, there is always a risk of confusing genital warts with a malignant tumor.
It’s better not to take risks and entrust your health to professionals - this will ensure you a long and happy sex life. Sexual life during the period of treatment for papillomavirus is stopped until complete recovery. It is necessary to examine and, if necessary, treat the partner.
Content
One of the most common and dangerous sexually transmitted infections is the human papillomavirus or HPV: it can cause warts, various diseases and genital cancer. This infection is transmitted in many ways, has many types and threatens all sexually active people. How to protect yourself and your loved ones from infection, what to do if a virus is detected and how to treat papillomas - we’ll try to figure it out.
What is human papillomavirus
Human papillomavirus is a huge group of viruses, which includes 27 species and about 500 strains (types). Most of them do not entail pathologies in the human body, they exist unnoticed, without complications, but some types are potentially dangerous. They can cause various diseases, including oncology, reproductive dysfunction, and HIV.
Why is it dangerous?
Papillomaviruses have been around for a very long time. The problem of deep treatment of the disease was not paid attention until it was proven that long-term HPV in women provokes the development of cervical cancer. Now this is the most common complication; in other cases, warts, weakened immunity are observed, and malignant tumors include cancer of the vulva, penis, and anus. Human papillomavirus is dangerous not only for the reproductive system: it can cause cancer of the head, lungs, neck, and damage to the mucous membranes.
Papillomavirus and pregnancy
The interaction between papillomavirus and pregnancy must be constantly monitored by a doctor: the disease can be transmitted to a child only if there are papillomas in the vagina; intrauterine contact does not pose a threat. In this case, the child will receive either infection of the genitals or respiratory system. If a woman is infected with one of the dangerous viruses of type 16 or 18, which cause cervical cancer, then it is recommended to have a cesarean section; Removing papillomas during pregnancy is impossible.
HPV symptoms
In many cases, viral papilloma is asymptomatic, does not appear externally and goes away on its own after some time. The degree of severity depends on the type of virus and its characteristics. People discover a problem when papillomas appear on the body - small cone-shaped warts, which are considered symptoms of HPV. Almost always, when the body is infected, one can observe a decrease in immunity, a decline in the body’s protective functions, and a greater susceptibility to colds and infectious diseases.
Among women
HPV in women manifests itself in the form of condylomas - small pointed or flat bodily formations on the inside of the vagina and outer labia. Single or multiple warts can appear on different parts of the body: limbs, head, neck. They are mostly painless, small, and cause more psychological and aesthetic discomfort.
In men
In men, papillomas appear on the soles of the feet, hands, face and head. When infected with a dangerous virus, papulosis of the penis and testicles is possible: it is yellow or pink papillomas that stand out slightly above the skin. Another unpleasant symptom of HPV in men is Bowen's disease: red plaque-like formations, growths on the head of the penis.
Causes of papillomas
The cause of papillomas can be considered the pathogenesis of infection: when it enters the body, the virus is localized in the lower layers of the epithelium; it is easiest for it to penetrate into vulnerable, soft tissues, such as the female uterus and vagina. It coexists with cells or interferes with DNA and causes changes in the body, in these cases the development of malignant tumors occurs. Warts are obtained directly from the activity of the virus at the intracellular level, its influence on the skin from the inside.
HPV types
Precancerous conditions can be provoked by viruses of the medium and high risk group, low-oncogenic papillomaviruses are harmless, their manifestations - warts - show negative biopsy results and do not harm health. Types of viral infection differ in the degree of oncogenic risk, and the lists are regularly reviewed, supplemented and changed. At the moment, the most dangerous strains for women include the 16th and 18th; they are found in 90% of cases of cervical cancer.
High oncogenic risk HPV
HPV of high oncogenic risk can be detected during testing after examining warts. Such viruses are almost always accompanied by condylomas on the genitals. This category includes such strains of infection as 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 45, 50, 59, 61, 62, 64, 68, 70, 73. They are capable of causing degeneration in the tissues into which they enter, causing most cancer and other dangerous pathologies.
How is HPV transmitted?
Among the methods of transmission of HPV, sexual transmission is clearly the leader, and penetration is not necessary; direct contact of the genitals is sufficient. This has made the virus the second most common sexually transmitted infection after herpes, and is especially common in poor countries with a low quality of life. All sexually active people of any gender and age can become infected with papilloma. It may be present from birth and only appear at certain times. In what other ways is HPV transmitted?
- Direct bodily contact. The virus can live for some time in public places after being visited by patients; it is especially active in a suitable humid environment: bathhouse, swimming pool, gym, toilet. In such cases, the virus can be transmitted through abrasions, cuts, or direct contact with the mucous membrane.
- Infection of a baby during childbirth. In this case, both pulmonary papulosis and anogenital warts can occur.
Incubation period
Many people live with the disease for a long time and are unaware of its presence, while they are potential carriers of it if they are sexually active. The incubation period of HPV is very long, which is why the disease often goes unnoticed. It lasts from 5 months to several years, proceeds latently, viruses are activated due to various factors: decreased immunity, illness, severe stress, after which they multiply and manifest themselves externally.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis is carried out when warts are detected on the body, and in order to determine the type of virus, various examination methods are used. Their choice depends on the location of papillomas: anogenital formations require mandatory examination of the cervix, plantar and other papillomas require histological examination and blood tests. What diagnostic methods can doctors use:
- Cytological examination - analysis of scrapings from the cervix and uterine canal.
- Colposcopy is a test for women using acetic acid: the surface of the mucous membrane is observed after its application.
- Biopsy is the removal of a skin sample to identify cancerous cells. It is used for men and women with highly oncogenic HPV.
- Type determination using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - DNA and nucleic acids are examined.
- Histological examination.
- A vaginal screening test is an accurate way to detect precancerous and cancerous conditions in women without visible symptoms.
Analysis
Before the procedure, you must stop taking any antiviral and antibacterial drugs. HPV tests, for which smears are taken from the vagina and urethra, are carried out in specialized clinics and laboratories. Testing is contraindicated for women during menstruation and the first days after it ends; men should not urinate for two hours before the procedure. Doctors, urologists or oncologists decipher the results, and a test to detect antibodies can be performed.
Treatment of papillomavirus
The main question that concerns patients is whether HPV (papilloma) can be cured completely and forever? Unfortunately no. In 90% of cases, the immune system copes on its own, but there are no effective methods for eliminating it from the body. Treatment boils down to the removal of warts, condylomas and possible consequences of the disease - benign or malignant tumors, damaged epithelium. Some medications are used to help the body fight infection and speed up the process of tissue repair.
Treatment in women
Human papillomavirus infection in women can be a harbinger of dangerous diseases, so it is necessary to regularly visit a gynecologist and do preventive checks if necessary. If condylomas are found on the body, there is no need to try to remove them yourself, this can cause even more serious consequences. When mentioning the treatment of papillomavirus in women, they mean removing the affected tissue, monitoring the growth and development of warts; General therapy can be used in case of infection with highly oncogenic HPV. Ways to eliminate papillomas:
- surgery;
- chemical cauterization;
- laser removal (carbon dioxide, neodymium beam);
- destruction of the concentration of affected cells with liquid nitrogen;
- electrocoagulation.
Removal of condylomas and warts does not mean a cure: this is only a temporary measure that helps prevent the formation of malignant cells, and women need it because of the high likelihood of cervical cancer with HPV. After surgery, relapses or complications are possible in the form of damage to areas adjacent to those that were removed. With timely intervention, not only cancer can be avoided, but also uterine surgery can be performed without harm to reproduction and women’s health.
Treatment of HPV in women with drugs
Treatment of papillomavirus with drugs occurs only after the medications are prescribed by a doctor, since all medications perform only an auxiliary function and are not the main means of therapy. To treat HPV in women, antiviral tablets and immunomodulatory drugs are used. How do they help fight the disease:
- Antiviral: act directly on “foreign” cells in the body, increase the production of antibodies; may interfere with reproduction or have a stimulating effect on natural immune resources.
- Immunomodulatory: have the ability to cause nonspecific resistance - resistance and increased protection of the body, regeneration of damaged tissues. There are a number of side effects, it must be used in dosage.
- Rectal and vaginal suppositories: help get rid of condylomas and warts in the anogenital area. Before use, you need to treat the area with a special disinfectant.
Treatment of strains 16, 18 in women with drugs
If you have an oncogenic type of virus, you will need surgery on the cervix if condylomas have formed there, and cleansing of the entire vagina, since no medications eliminate the virus. They can only help to slow down or stop its spread. Antiviral drugs with an immunostimulating effect are used to quickly adapt the body to a healthy state after surgery and prevent relapses. When treating strains 16.18 in women, drugs are prescribed to reduce existing condylomas before surgery:
- interferons;
- interferonogens (Cycloferon, Prodigiozan, Poludan).
Injections
To eliminate external signs, when papillomas are not oncogenic, injections are prescribed. A well-known drug, Allokin-Alpha, is available in the form of injection ampoules. It can be used for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes; there are no side effects or contraindications. It helps get rid of warts without surgery and significantly increase the period of remission.
Boosting immunity with HPV
What is HPV, besides papillomas, oncology and uterine dysplasia? This means critically reduced immunity, susceptibility to all seasonal infections and a difficult recovery period. Artificial and natural enhancement of immunity is also important in order to give the body strength and the ability to fight infection on its own. For this, there are special medications, medicinal preparations and traditional methods. How you can boost your immunity:
- A complex of useful vitamins and microelements.
- Drugs: immunomodulators and antivirals.
- Soft medicines: ginseng, echinacea, Immunal.
- Ginger, lemon, echinacea, radish, rose hips, walnuts, honey, citrus fruits are irreplaceable products for the vitality of the body.
- Eat more green vegetables, fresh fruits, drink green tea.
- Visit the pool, bathhouse, and perform water treatments at home (contrast showers, herbal baths).
- Adjust your sleep and eating patterns. Eat according to the clock, sleep the required amount of time.
Prevention
Most types of the virus are harmless, but caution should be exercised, because a carrier of one infection can more easily become infected with a second than a healthy person. Prevention of HPV includes a number of mandatory actions and procedures that every adult must perform, regardless of whether he is sexually active or not. What preventive methods can be used:
- Vaccination. Prevents dangerous trends in the development of the virus, but not infection with it. After vaccination, possible infection should pass quickly and unnoticed.
- Condoms. They do not guarantee complete protection, since its particles are very small and can penetrate the material, but in most cases they reduce the risk of transmission of infection to a minimum.
- Control of sexual life. Constantly changing partners is the greatest likelihood of infection.
- Compliance with personal hygiene rules. Do not allow anyone, even people you know, to use your body towel or underwear.
- Regular appointments with a gynecologist, urologist, and smear tests.
Video: how to treat papillomavirus
Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give treatment recommendations based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.
Found an error in the text? Select it, press Ctrl + Enter and we will fix everything!Human papillomavirus infection (human papillomavirus, papillomavirus) is an oncogenic disease that manifests itself in the form of papillary formations (warts, condylomas) on human skin or in the genital area. Both men and women are almost equally susceptible to the virus.
It is worth noting that this type of infection may indicate the formation of a malignant tumor. Today, more than 100 types of this virus are known in medicine. About 30 of them affect only the female genital organs.
Etiology
About 60% of the world's population are potential carriers of human papillomavirus infection. In most cases, the virus is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person. In addition, provoking factors are the following:
- onset of sexual activity at an early age;
- unprotected sexual intercourse, frequent change of sexual partners;
- chronic inflammation in the genital area, infectious diseases of the genitourinary system;
- frequent abortions;
- weak immunity;
- alcohol abuse;
- failure to comply with personal hygiene rules.
As medical practice shows, women are in the main risk group. The probability of “getting” this disease is quite high among people in the age group of 20–45 years. That is, those who are sexually active.
General symptoms
Symptoms of this type of infection depend on what exactly was the provoking factor. The disease does not have a single clinical picture. However, the following symptoms can be identified:
- education ;
- skin irritation in the genital area;
- discomfort during sexual intercourse;
- redness and partial itching.
At the same time, it is worth noting that symptoms in the form of skin irritation and itching may indicate another disease. Therefore, you should not self-medicate under any circumstances. If you have such symptoms, it is better to immediately consult a dermatologist.
Warts most often appear in the following places:
- on the skin of the palms, soles;
- in the genital area;
- in the oral cavity.
In more severe cases, this type of infection can develop in the cervix, bladder and vagina. The only way to get rid of warts is through surgery. Human papillomavirus infection in women can lead to. As for men, the oncogenic factor is observed much less frequently.
It is also worth noting that in the first stages of development, an illness of this type practically does not show symptoms. This is what often leads to an oncogenic risk factor for the development of infection.
Pathogenesis
Infection with the virus is only possible if a healthy person has microtraumas to the genital organs. In this case, the papilloma virus enters the body of a healthy person and begins to develop.
The incubation period of the oncogenic type of virus can last from several months to several years, without showing any symptoms. In other words, an already infected person may be a carrier and not know it.
HPV in women
As already mentioned, women aged 20–45 years are most susceptible to the virus. But here it is worth noting the fact that the main risk group is those who often change sexual partners and have unprotected sex.
This type of infection in women is divided into the following groups:
- high oncogenicity;
- low oncogenicity;
- non-oncogenic type.
The most dangerous infection for women's health is a high type of oncogenic infection. Almost always it leads to an oncological disease - a malignant tumor, cervical cancer. The risk of such pathology development is 90%. The situation is further aggravated by the fact that in the first stages of development the disease does not show symptoms. Occasionally, small warts may appear on the palms and soles.
With a type of infection of high oncogenicity, condylomas are formed. These are formations similar to warts, but with jagged edges. Such formations can appear in the vagina, anus, and perineum. Sometimes condylomas can take the form of bubbles with liquid, which over time burst and emit an unpleasant odor.
High type HPV infection can also cause cancer of the vagina and vulva. In more rare clinical cases, nasopharyngeal cancer is possible. It is worth noting that it is almost impossible to completely cure the highly oncogenic form of HPV.
Papilloma virus in men
Human papillomavirus infection in men can occur without any symptoms. It is also worth noting that in the main risk group, men who often change sexual partners have unprotected sex.
Pathological formations are localized in the following places:
- on the head and shaft of the penis;
- on the skin of the scrotum;
- in the perineal area;
- on the mucous membrane.
Such formations can be grouped. As a rule, they do not cause itching or other unpleasant sensations. Very rarely, they may be accompanied by itching or burning only during sexual intercourse.
A virus of this type in men can take the form of high oncogenicity. This leads to cancer of the genital organs. But, if you start treatment on time, the risk of oncogenic diseases is minimized. Warts that are caused by the HPV virus are removed surgically or using special chemical solutions. At the same time, antiviral drugs are prescribed. Therefore, in the early stages of the development of this type of disease in men, it can be completely eliminated.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of HPV infection consists of several stages. Initially, a doctor examines you and takes a medical history. If the disease is suspected in women, then the initial examination should be carried out by a gynecologist. After this, the following tests may be prescribed:
- vaginal scraping;
- vaginal tissue biopsy;
- PCR analysis.
The latter makes it possible not only to accurately establish a diagnosis, but also to determine the cause of the development of the pathological process, its form of development. If there is a risk of developing cancer, then a general and biochemical blood test and instrumental research methods are additionally prescribed.
It is mandatory to do this if an HPV infection is suspected. This is an examination of the cervix to identify deep pathological changes.
As for men, the diagnosis has approximately the same picture. After examination by a urologist or surgeon, a referral is given for testing.
Only based on the diagnostic results, a competent doctor can prescribe the correct course of treatment. The earlier the disease is diagnosed, the lower the risk of complications.
Treatment
At the moment, there is no medicine in medicine that can specifically destroy the HPV virus. Therefore, the treatment is complex. Not only the form of the disease is taken into account, but also the cause of its occurrence. It is also worth noting that a person who has had or is suffering from the HPV virus should be regularly examined by their doctor. The papilloma virus can be completely cured only in the early stages. In any case, there is always a risk of developing cancer or the formation of a malignant tumor. It is easier not to get the virus than to get rid of it.
Treatment of human papillomavirus infection can be divided into the following stages:
- removal of warts or condylomas;
- drug therapy to prevent new formations;
- therapy aimed at strengthening the immune system.
It is worth taking into account that such a treatment program is applicable only if there is no risk of the formation of a malignant tumor or sexually transmitted infections. If the latter is confirmed, the treatment program includes drugs to eliminate the underlying disease. Antiviral drugs are used in any case. In most cases, broad-spectrum drugs are prescribed. However, taking such medications does not exclude relapse of the disease.
It is much more difficult to cure the HPV virus if it has become chronic and has a high oncogenic factor. In this case, additional tests are prescribed and chemotherapy is used.
Treatment of human papillomavirus is possible only by a competent specialist. Self-medication is unacceptable here, since the HPV virus is recognized as oncogenic. Therefore, in most cases, it is quite difficult to cure it. Even surgical removal of condylomas or warts does not exclude their re-formation.
Only a specialist can tell you how to treat the papilloma virus correctly. The use of folk remedies to cure HPV is not enough. Therefore, if symptoms of the disease are detected, you should urgently seek competent medical help.
Prevention
One of the most effective preventive measures is vaccination against the virus. This makes it possible to prevent the development of not only HPV infection in the body, but also cervical cancer. In addition, you should adhere to the following rules:
- only protected sexual contacts;
- strengthening the immune system;
- regular examination by a gynecologist or urologist;
- maintaining personal hygiene.
You need to carefully monitor your health, do not abuse alcohol or smoke. As for intimate life, if possible, frequent changes of sexual partners should be excluded. If you have symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor and not self-medicate.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. The vaccine can prevent some health effects caused by HPV.
What is HPV?
HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). HPV is a different virus than HIV() and HSV() (herpes). 79 million Americans, most in their teens and early 20s, are infected with HPV. There are many different types of HPV. Some types can cause health problems, including genital warts and cancer. Vaccines are available to prevent such health problems.
How is HPV transmitted?
You can get HPV through sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral) with someone who is infected with the virus. As a rule, it is contracted during vaginal or anal sex. HPV can also be transmitted when the infected person does not experience any signs or symptoms.
Anyone who is sexually active can get HPV, even if you have only had sex with one person. Symptoms can develop many years after you have sex with an infected person, so it is difficult to know exactly when you became infected.
Does HPV cause health problems?
In most cases, HPV goes away on its own and does not cause any health problems. But when HPV persists, it can cause health problems such as genital warts and cancer.
Genital warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. They can be small or large, raised or flat, or shaped like a cauliflower. Your healthcare provider can usually diagnose warts by examining the genital area.
Does HPV cause cancer?
HPV can cause cervical cancer and other cancers, including cancer of the external genitalia, vagina, penis, or anus. It can also cause cancer of the back of the throat, including cancer of the base of the tongue and tonsils (called oropharyngeal cancer).()
It often takes years, even decades, before a person develops cancer after being infected with HPV. The types of HPV that can cause genital warts are not the same types of HPV that can cause cancer.
It is impossible to know which people who become infected with HPV will develop cancer or other health problems. People with weak immune systems (including those with HIV/AIDS) are less able to fight off HPV. They may also be more likely to develop health problems from HPV.
How can I avoid HPV and the health problems it can cause?
There are several steps you can take to reduce your chance of getting HPV:
Get vaccinated. HPV vaccines are safe and effective. When used in recommended age groups, they may protect against diseases (including cancer) caused by HPV. (See "Who Should Get Vaccines?" below.) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that children 11 to 12 years of age take two doses of the HPV vaccine to protect against cancer caused by HPV. For more information about the guidelines, see
Get screened for cervical cancer. Routine screening for women aged 21 to 65 years can prevent cervical cancer.
If you are sexually active:
- correctly() use latex condoms every time you have sex. This may reduce your chance of getting HPV. But HPV can infect areas not protected by a condom—thus, condoms cannot fully protect against HPV infection;
- maintain a mutually monogamous relationship—or only have sex with someone who only has sex with you.
Who should get vaccinated?
All boys and girls aged 11-12 years should receive the vaccine.
If vaccinations were not done at a younger age, they can be done later. Teenagers and men are recommended to get vaccinated before age 21, and girls and women before age 26.
Vaccination is also recommended for gay and bisexual men (or anyone who has sex with a man) under 26 years of age. In addition, vaccination is recommended for men and women with weakened immune systems (including people with HIV/AIDS) before age 26, if they have not been fully vaccinated previously.
How do I know if I have HPV?
There is no test that can be used to determine a person’s “HPV status.” Additionally, there is no validated test to detect HPV in the mouth or throat.
There are HPV tests that can be used to screen for cervical cancer. Such tests are recommended for screening only in women aged 30 years and older. HPV tests are not recommended for screening men, adolescents, and women under 30 years of age.
Most people with HPV do not know they are infected and never develop any symptoms or have any health problems as a result of the infection. Some people discover they have HPV when they develop genital warts. Women may find out they have HPV when they receive an abnormal Pap test result (during cervical cancer screening). Other people may only discover it when they develop more serious problems as a result of HPV infection, such as cancer.
How common is HPV and health problems caused by HPV?
HPV (virus). About 79 million Americans are currently infected with HPV. About 14 million people become infected every year. HPV is so common that almost every sexually active person will become infected with HPV at some point in their lives if they do not receive the appropriate vaccine.
Health problems associated with HPV include genital warts and cervical cancer.
Genital warts. Before the availability of the HPV vaccine, approximately 340,000 to 360,000 women and men suffered from genital warts caused by HPV each year.* Additionally, approximately one in 100 sexually active adults in the United States had/have had genital warts at some point in time .
Cervical cancer. Each year, nearly 12,000 women living in the United States are diagnosed with cervical cancer, and more than 4,000 women die from cervical cancer—even with screening and treatment.
There are other diseases and cancers caused by HPV that affect people living in the United States. Every year, approximately 19,400 women and 12,100 men suffer from cancer caused by HPV.
*These figures only include people who saw a doctor for treatment of genital warts. The actual number of people suffering from genital warts may be much higher.
I am pregnant. Will HPV affect my pregnancy?
If you are pregnant and have HPV, you may develop genital warts or have abnormal changes in the cells of your cervix. Abnormal changes in cells can be detected during routine cervical cancer screening. You should get routine cervical cancer screening, even if you are pregnant.
Can I be cured of HPV and get rid of health problems caused by HPV?
There is no cure for the virus itself. However, there are treatments for health problems that may be caused by HPV:
- Genital warts can be treated by talking to your healthcare provider or with prescription medications. If left untreated, genital warts may disappear, remain the same, or increase in size or number.
- Precancerous condition of the cervix can be cured. Women who have regular PAP smears and follow-up care can identify problems before cancer will appear. Prevention is always better than cure. For more information, visit www.cancer.orgExternal.
- Other HPV-related cancers, are also more treatable when they are diagnosed and treated early. For more information, visit the website
HPV in women - a common sexually transmitted disease. Its appearance on the skin indicates a weak human immune system. The human papillomavirus manifests itself in the form of growths that cause discomfort. If any are detected, you should immediately consult a doctor to avoid the growths from degenerating into cancerous tumors!
What is HPV in women?
Human papillomavirus is a group of viruses that cause warts. It can be localized in any part of the body, including mucous membranes and internal cavities of the human body. 40 subtypes of HPV are anogenital in nature. Some of them do not cause much harm to humans, while others degenerate into malignant tumors.
Papillomavirus is very dangerous for the female reproductive system. After all, this disease carries with it the occurrence of more serious ailments. Such as: cancer of the uterus and cervix, tumors of the anus and vulva. That is why, when the first signs of infection with the virus appear, you should immediately seek help from a medical specialist!
Papilloma virus in women: causes
Genital papilloma is a serious disease that requires immediate treatment. The virus penetrates deep into tissues and mucous membranes. And getting rid of it is not an easy task! Growths in the genital area appear for several reasons:
- Early onset of sexual activity.
- Frequent change of sexual partners.
- The presence of human immunodeficiency virus.
- The presence of a symptom of acquired immune deficiency.
- Accidental unprotected sexual intercourse.
- The presence of chronic diseases of the reproductive system.
- Frequent abortions.
- Long-term use of contraceptives.
- Presence of diabetes mellitus.
- Avitaminosis.
- Failure to comply with personal hygiene rules.
- Alcohol addiction.
- Smoking.
- Taking drugs.
- Oral, vaginal or anal sex with an infected partner.
- Weakened functioning of the immune system.
- Petting with an infected partner.
The female reproductive system is open. If personal hygiene measures are not observed and sexual intercourse is promiscuous, it is quite easy to become infected with the papilloma virus. Therefore, you need to lead a correct lifestyle and take mineral and vitamin complexes in a timely manner. After all, strengthened immunity prevents the development of the virus in the body. HPV may remain undetected for a long time or disappear altogether.
Important! Human papillomavirus in women found more often than in men. This is due to the fact that males are more likely to be carriers of the virus, and women, having sexual intercourse with an infected object, take on the disease themselves.
Papillomavirus in women: symptoms, signs
Papillomavirus in women develops differently. Some female representatives do not feel the symptoms of the onset of the disease and do not detect pronounced growths. And some people acutely experience a number of unpleasant sensations. Such as:
- Bloody discharge not associated with the onset of menstruation.
- Unpleasant odor from the vagina.
- Painful sensations in the lower abdomen.
- Lower back pain.
- Shooting pain from the pelvis to the lower back.
- Decreased appetite.
- Sudden weight loss.
- Drowsiness.
- General weakness.
- Constant headache.
- Mucous discharge of high humidity.
- Soreness of the labia.
- Swelling of the labia and clitoris.
- Painful sensations during sexual intercourse.
- Loss of libido.
- Irritation.
- Tearfulness.
- Hormonal disbalance.
- Hypothermia.
- Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.
The moist microflora of the female reproductive system is the best environment for the localization and development of the virus. The manifestation of the above symptoms is far from the limit. Depending on the type of infection, other, more serious signs of disease development may be detected. If detected, you should immediately seek help from a gynecologist or urologist.
HPV types
Human papillomavirus is a controversial term for the disease. It consists of many types of infections. The localization of each of them differs both externally and in the symptoms of manifestation. The culprits of the appearance papillomavirus in women are:
- Type 16 of the virus is the most oncogenic. It is embedded in the DNA of the body's cells and stops the natural process of resisting the tumor. In females, gray or brown rough spots of ambiguous sizes, or pointed growths, are observed. Neoplasms can cause cancer and neoplasia of the cervix.
- Type 18 is an oncogenic type of virus, the introduction of which into the body occurs at the gene level. It stops the functioning of the human immune system and promotes the formation of benign growths. The resulting neoplasms are the leaders in the development of cervical cancer.
- Type 31 is a virus that can remain in the human body for a long time without symptoms. Its introduction into cells contributes to the development of cancer and the appearance of skin growths. Signs of infection may include: erratic vaginal discharge, pain during sexual intercourse, discomfort in the genital area, general weakness and loss of appetite.
- Type 33 - causes a precancerous condition of the cervix. The virus develops in the body within 15 weeks, after which it manifests itself in the form of neoplasms on the genitals. The growths caused by this type of virus have a pointed shape and blurred boundaries.
- Type 35 - manifests itself in the form of growths, mainly in girls who are not sexually active. The virus is characterized by rapid development and degeneration into the oncogenic stage. The main symptoms are: large pigment spots, pain and itching in the genital area, increased body temperature, increased sweating, fever, chills and general weakness.
- Type 39 is a virus that causes a carcinogenic process in the body. Warts are localized in the cervix and vagina.
- Type 45 is a virus that contributes to the development of the disease, which has three stages of development. In the first stage, warts appear. On the second - cervical dysplasia. At the third stage - oncology of the cervix and anus. Less commonly, vulvar cancer.
- Type 59 is the most dangerous virus, leading to damage not only to the genitals, but also to the rectum. Its introduction into the body is dangerous for the development of anorectal cancer. Papillomas caused by this type of virus actively develop and multiply.
Important! Only a doctor can accurately determine the type of virus after a preliminary examination and taking the necessary tests!
Regardless of which virus the infection occurred, each of them requires long-term treatment. Often, to determine the type of infection, the doctor refers the patient for histological or cytological analysis. Conducts a number of studies and reviews test results. And only after that he makes the right decision.
Development of the disease
Small growths can appear in any person. It happens that formations go away on their own without causing discomfort. That is why people treat skin manifestations with great irresponsibility. Thus triggering the disease and complicating its treatment.
At an early stage of the development of the disease, women develop one or more growths in the genital area. Over time, their number increases. The neoplasms begin to rub against the underwear, thereby destroying their cells or completely falling off the surface of the skin. Wounds are susceptible to even greater infection. The risk of getting cancer is growing.
Papilloma virus in women: diagnosis
Before deciding to treat warts, you should undergo a full diagnosis from a good gynecologist. This will allow you to accurately determine the type of localized virus and the degree of its benignity. There are many methods for diagnosing the disease. The most well-known are: colposcopy, histological and cytological analysis, blood test to determine the presence of the virus, PCR and analysis for the presence of oncogenic proteins in the body.
The colposcopy method involves examining a woman on a gynecological chair with a colposcope. The vaginal walls and cervix are examined. During the procedure, it is possible to take scrapings from the cervix for cytological analysis. And also take a photo of the existing pathology.
You should prepare for the procedure. Firstly, 3 days before diagnosis you need to avoid unprotected sexual intercourse. Secondly, it is prohibited to use personal hygiene products. Thirdly, treatment with vaginal capsules, suppositories or tablets should be discontinued.
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is an analysis that allows you to identify the presence of genetic, molecular and infectious diseases. The study is aimed at identifying the pathogen itself. In this case, only one material for analysis is sufficient: saliva, swab, urine or blood of the patient. The method is highly sensitive, making it possible to detect many diseases. For example: herpes, hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, papilloma viral infection, hormonal imbalance, the presence of oncogenic cells, and so on.
Important! After colposcopy, under no circumstances should you take water procedures for one week!
HPV in women: treatment of the disease
Papilloma virus in women- a disease that is difficult to treat. The virus penetrates not only tissues and cells, but is also fixed at the genetic level. Only a doctor can formulate the most effective course of treatment. Under no circumstances should you treat the growths yourself! Widely known methods for getting rid of tumors are:
- Laser therapy is an advanced method for getting rid of unwanted growths. It is based on the impact of laser radiation on the formation, burning out damaged layers of skin. The method is widely used to destroy papillomas from the walls of the vagina. Advantages of the procedure: no blood loss, low probability of recurrence of the disease, no postoperative scars, adjustable penetration of the laser beam, quick recovery after surgery, does not require hospital observation, no risk of contracting another infection. Laser surgery is contraindicated during pregnancy, breastfeeding, leukemia and heart failure.
- Cryotherapy is a method based on burning out tumors with high pressure liquid nitrogen. The positive aspects of the procedure are: no bleeding, short duration of the operation, no need to use anesthetics. Disadvantages: there is a possibility of damage to healthy areas of the skin, ineffective in removing large papillomas, uncontrolled depth of nitrogen penetration, 40% risk of recurrence of the disease. During the rehabilitation period, it is prohibited to use cosmetics and personal hygiene products, mechanically damage or tear off the protective crust at the site of the removed growth, and take water procedures for 5 days.
- Radio wave therapy is a surgical method of getting rid of unwanted tumors by exposing pathogenic cells to radio wave frequencies. The main advantages: healthy cells are not exposed to waves, the electrode does not contact the skin, there is no bleeding at all, short rehabilitation period, low probability of postoperative scar formation, painlessness. Disadvantages of the procedure: radio wave therapy is ineffective for removing flat papillomas, high cost. In the postoperative period it is prohibited (for 10 days): exposing the wound to ultraviolet rays, taking water procedures, and using cosmetics.
- Electrocoagulation is a method of removing tumors by applying an electric current of a certain power. The use of this method of treatment is unacceptable in case of oncogenic formations, diabetes mellitus, herpes and the presence of chronic diseases of the viral and infectious type. The positive aspects of electrocoagulation are: it is possible to take damaged tissue for histological examination, no re-treatment is required, low cost. Electrocoagulation is widely used to remove papillomas on the genitals and cervix. There is one drawback: a high risk of scarring.
- Surgical excision is a method of getting rid of tumors by cutting them out with a scalpel. The operation is contraindicated during pregnancy, lactation, in the presence of infectious and viral diseases, herpetic eruptions and acute respiratory diseases. The advantages of the method include: an effective result from one procedure and a low probability of recurrence of the disease. The disadvantages of surgical excision are: a long recovery period, the presence of postoperative scars, the use of anesthetics, bleeding and a high risk of contracting another infection.
In addition to the listed methods of treating growths, there is a medicinal and folk method of getting rid of tumors. The first method includes a number of medications: an antiviral agent, a vitamin and mineral complex and an immunomodulatory drug. The folk method involves the use of improvised means: vegetables, herbal decoctions and alcohol infusions. But none of these methods bring long-lasting results!
Important! Only a doctor can prescribe one or another method of getting rid of warts! Self-prescribed treatment can aggravate the development of growths and push them towards oncogenicity!
Papilloma virus in women: complications, consequences
Complication human papillomavirus in women can occur at any stage of the disease. This is due to the frequent unfortunate location of formations in places of constant friction, with their uncontrolled mutagenicity and predisposition to rapid reproduction. On average, the virus takes 12 years to transform into an oncogenic tumor, but there are also cases of accelerated degeneration of damaged cells. In women it is most often observed cervical cancer, the uterus itself, the mucous membrane of the vagina and anus.
Often, such a complication as suppuration of warts appears. The main reason for this phenomenon is the patient’s refusal to remove the growths. As a result, the neoplasms increase significantly in size and acquire a pointed appearance. With their awkward shape, papillomas cling to clothing and tear off, revealing severe bleeding, which begins to fester over time.
Weakening of the body's immune system is another acute consequence of condylomas. The virus, staying in the human body for a long time, weakens the immune system. For this reason, the patient immediately catches seasonal colds. Which further wears out the immune system.
Preventive measures
You may not become infected with the human papillomavirus at all. To do this, you should carefully observe the rules of personal hygiene, get rid of bad habits, and take vitamin and mineral complexes in the autumn and spring. This will help keep the body clean and the body strong immune system. After all, the main reason for the appearance of growths is a weakened immune system.
Sexual life should occur consciously. It is advisable for a woman to have one sexual partner whom she can trust. If a change of partner occurs, you need to use protective measures. The best solution is a condom.
In order to avoid the papilloma virus, you should minimize trips to the solarium, sauna and swimming pool. This is explained by the fact that if Sanpin remote measures are not strictly observed, the infection left over from the previous visitor can wait for its future owner in any damp place. And penetrate the body through microscopic cracks and wounds.
Can it be cured forever?
Unfortunately, it is impossible to get rid of papillomas forever! Modern medicine does not provide 100% guarantees that the disease will not manifest itself again. After all, the virus can only be put into a dormant state. Therefore, after surgery or complex medications, you need to regularly visit a gynecologist, oncologist or urologist.
Important! If postoperative bleeding, erratic discharge or pain occurs, you should immediately seek help from your doctor! The wound may fester and degenerate into a malignant formation.
Papilloma in women is a serious disease that requires timely, high-quality treatment! Under no circumstances should you launch education and hope that it will disappear on its own! Prolonged damage to the internal genital organs can lead to their removal or infertility! That is why you should follow all preventive measures to avoid infection! And when it appears, seek help from a doctor in time!