Sow thistle garden, description, medicinal properties. Sow thistle grass: medicinal and beneficial properties of the weed The use of sow thistle in folk medicine
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What is not a pleasant experience, to dig in the ground in the fresh air? Of course, cultivating a garden brings a lot of positive emotions, troubles, but if sow thistle does not grow on it! This terrible weed has ruffled a lot of nerves for beginners and professional gardeners. He is so tenacious that even centuries-old trees will envy him.
A hot topic that worries many gardeners in different parts of the world is the fight against thistle. Let's try to figure out how to destroy this "give" using various means and methods. Is he really that bad and what is he like?
Description
This plant belongs to the Compositae family. It is annual, perennial. It has a powerful root system with central roots deep into the ground. Its roots are very fragile, so when you try to pull it out, some of them remain in the ground, continuing to grow further. Propagated by roots.
Basically, field and garden sow thistle is found in the garden.
Sow thistle has smooth, straight stems, empty from the inside. It blooms with yellow flowers in mid-summer until autumn. The flowers are quite large, very similar to a dandelion. After flowering, it forms a fruit resembling a tuft. Seeds appear in July. It has a pinnately dissected or pinnately lobed leaf structure.
(from top to bottom: field sow thistle, garden sow thistle)
For the most part distributed in Europe, North Africa, USA, the Caucasus, all regions of Siberia, the Far East, the Urals, Ukraine.
Favorite habitats:
- wasteland;
- overgrown, uncultivated fields;
- lowlands.
It grows in any soil (dry, fertile, moist), adapting and adapting in place.
Rapid spread across the site threatens to destroy all cultivated plants, as the weed drinks all the juices from them, preventing them from growing normally.
If you are late with its destruction, it will scatter the seeds around the garden, which will make it difficult to get rid of it further. Depletes the soil.
Useful properties of garden thistle
No matter how strange it may sound, sow thistle has healing properties, which few people know about. Nature took care of harmful plants, endowing them with amazing beneficial substances:
- vitamin C
- carotene
- fatty oils
- alkaloids
- inulin
- choline
- tartaric acid
- bitterness
Application:
- in the villages, plants are fed to animals;
- sow thistle growing next to cultivated plantations protects them from aphids;
- leaves are used for brewing tea, making salad or cabbage soup;
- the root is also boiled, used for food, replacing Jerusalem artichoke;
- in China, the roots are used as a hemostatic agent, and the leaves for toning and strengthening the body;
- milk from the stems is used to treat breast cancer;
- the whole plant is able to cure jaundice by expelling bile from the body;
- used as a laxative;
- a decoction of weed is used for inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract;
- fresh or boiled grass as a poultice relieves inflammation of gastroenteritis, tonsillitis;
How to deal with weeds in the garden
The vegetative and seed method of weed propagation makes it difficult for gardeners to destroy thistle in the garden. Therefore, very often among summer residents the question arises of how to remove sow thistle from the garden forever. There are three ways to get rid of this hated plant.
Using:
- mechanics;
- chemistry;
- folk funds.
mechanical method
It is the destruction of weed bushes by carefully pulling out of the ground, mostly wet to facilitate the task. Dig up the weed with a chopper to the approximate depth of the root, pull it out. Large, old plants with a well-developed root system should be dug to the maximum possible depth, shake the soil, and extract the roots.
A single removal does not guarantee the complete destruction of the plant, so the fight against thistle in the garden is carried out again in a few weeks.
Through chemistry
For many years, thistle has been controlled with herbicides. For the most part, they are used for overgrown, neglected areas where a garden has not yet been planted. Chemistry, in addition to the detrimental effect on the weed, does not have the best effect on the soil, poisoning it with harmful substances.
After the spraying procedure, the area is waited for some time to weather the herbicides. Since these drugs are very poisonous, one must remember to apply personal protective measures, using the product exactly according to the instructions.
How to get rid of thistle in the garden with folk remedies
This method is applicable to the destruction of a harmful plant in vegetable gardens, as the most gentle for cultivated plants.
- The desired area is treated with kerosene. The action is aimed at drying out, the death of thistle. It is important here to prevent the product from getting into the soil, as well as vegetables.
- Regular pruning of young shoots will weaken the sow thistle, which will soon die.
- Siderates in the form of lupine, alfalfa, nettle, rye grown in the garden also weaken the root system of the weed, and nourish the vegetables with useful substances.
- After waiting until they sprout, cover with cardboard, forgetting about them until spring. During this time, they will sop, and the greenhouse effect obtained in this way will destroy all weeds.
- During flowering, the plant is broken, cut at the base, which will not allow it to ripen and get seeds.
- To get rid of thistle in the garden, flowers are planted "jolly guys". They are planted near the beds, preventing the weed from being nearby.
- The pest is trampled underfoot, covered with thick paper, litter or roofing material. Weeds die forever.
- You can also remove thistle from the garden with vinegar. In the absence of an opportunity to buy something more expensive and effective, vinegar is used as a spray. To do this, take 400 ml of water with vinegar, 20 g of citric acid, 20 g of alcohol, 10 ml of gala or fairy. Everything is thoroughly mixed, poured into a spray bottle, then processed.
- With the help of salt. Table salt, falling on the ground, prevents the growth of weeds. A strong warm salt solution is poured onto the desired area, or the earth is simply sprinkled abundantly with salt. Precipitation will dissolve it - it will be absorbed into the ground. This method is more recommended for cleaning areas not planted with cultivated plants.
Control measures for field sow thistle
The most common, effective way to deal with weeds is ordinary weeding. Of course, it must be regular, carried out on time. Weeding every 10 days guarantees a clean, well-groomed garden. It takes a lot of time, but the effect is obvious.
If weeding did not work out or it was not possible to carry it out, it is enough to dig up the sow thistle, select all the roots, including the smallest and thinnest. After all, an insignificant part of this tenacious plant, falling on the ground, immediately takes root. In extreme cases, it is recommended to mow weeds. And in the first spring months, it is uprooted, then disposed of.
If this pest still managed to bloom, clogging the garden with seeds, then it is strictly forbidden to dig it up. Seeds, being on the surface of the soil, will fall into the ground, and in the spring they will give new shoots.
It is better to leave them as they are, in winter part of the seeds will freeze, and the second part will be weak, inactive.
You need to try to destroy the young growth of the weed. As soon as the appearance of a pest is noticed, it must be disposed of immediately. While the roots are young, small, it breaks out well and completely.
The use of agrofilm also found its fans. It has cuts for vegetable crops, and its material does not allow weeds to germinate.
An interesting video on how to get rid of thistle in the garden:
Even if you have revised your attitude towards this weed, have fallen in love with it for its therapeutic, healing effect, still drive it into the neck from the garden. To replenish the stocks of this herb, it is quite possible to pick somewhere else, since it is full of it everywhere. It is better to deal with thistle in the early stages. After all, only one sprout is able to capture the entire garden, drink all the juice from it. Remember, only an integrated approach to solving the problem will eliminate the hated weed, get rid of it once and for all.
Sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus), hare lettuce
Description
The plant is herbaceous, annual. The root system is powerful, but fragile, which makes thistle a difficult weed to remove. The stem is straight, its surface is smooth, and inside there is a cavity. The height of thistle is from fifty to one hundred and twenty centimeters. On the cut, white juice is released.
The leaf arrangement is alternate. Leaves glabrous, leaf blade pinnately dissected or pinnately lobed.
The flowers are light yellow, characteristic of many Compositae. In appearance, the inflorescence somewhat resembles a basket of an ordinary dandelion. The fruit is an achene with a tuft. The plant begins to bloom in June and continues until October. The fruits ripen in about a month, i.e. the first ripening occurs in July.
Sow thistle is common in Europe, the European part of Russia, in Belarus, Ukraine, the Caucasus and the Far East. The plant is a weed. Prefers abandoned areas, wastelands, as well as gardens and orchards. It grows along rivers and lakes on well-fertilized, fertile soils. It can also grow in slightly saline and dry areas.
Chemical composition
The chemical composition of sow thistle has not been fully studied. It is now known that it contains tannins and bitterness, carotene and vitamin C, tartaric acid, choline, inulin, alkaloids and rubber.
medicinal properties
Sow thistle garden has a set of useful properties that are actively used in traditional medicine. This plant has a choleretic and mild laxative effect. It is lactogenic, has hemostatic properties (with hemoptysis). The use of preparations from sow thistle causes anti-inflammatory, as well as antihelminthic effect.
Application
Garden thistle preparations are used in folk medicine for the treatment of colds. They are used in case of jaundice and urolithiasis, if there is pain in the bladder. With hemoptysis, thistle stops bleeding. Nursing mothers can use preparations from this plant to increase lactation.
Since the use of infusion has a beneficial effect on headaches and neuroses, it is used to treat vascular problems. It helps to improve metabolic processes.
Externally, infusions and decoctions are used for washing and lotions. This treatment speeds up wound healing.
Collection and preparation
Thistle grass is used as a medicinal raw material. It is collected during the flowering period and dried under a canopy with good ventilation. Dry grass is stored for one year.
Contraindications
There are no contraindications, except for individual intolerance to the components.
Recipes
- Sow thistle infusion is prepared from one tablespoon of dry, pre-chopped herbs. It is poured with one glass of boiling water and insisted for an hour. After that, the infusion is filtered and taken three or four times a day, one tablespoon.
- Sow thistle decoction for external use. A decoction is prepared from three tablespoons of chopped dry grass. It is poured with one liter of water and heated until it boils. After boiling over low heat, cook for about five minutes. After cooling, the broth is filtered and used for lotions and washings.
- Vitamin salad from fresh leaves of thistle. To rid the leaves of the plant from bitterness, a ten percent salt solution is prepared in which the greens are soaked. Withstand forty-five minutes or an hour, after which they are dried and cut. For dressing use vegetable oil or sour cream. Other vegetables can be added to the salad. For example, cucumbers and diversify the dressing with mustard or horseradish.
quarantine organism
Family: Asteraceae Compositae (Asteraceae, Compositae)
Genus: Thistle (Sonchus)
biological classification
Definition
Sow thistle field is a perennial root weed. All parts contain milky juice. Stem erect, branched or simple. Height up to 180 cm. Leaf blades are lanceolate, pinnately cut with curly lobes, alternate. The lower ones are petiolate. The upper ones are seated. The general inflorescence is a loose panicle, collected from homogeneous baskets of medium size, consisting of numerous yellow, reed flowers. The fruit is a dark brown laterally compressed achene with five ribs. The fly is silvery-white, easily falling off. Flowering is observed from the first year of growth in June - September, fruiting - in July - October. The species is distributed throughout the world, except for South America and South Africa. (Bobrov E.G., 1964) (Trukhachev V.I., 2006) (Fisyunov A.V., 1984) (Gubanov I.A., 2004)
Morphology
During the first month shoots of thistle field form a powerful spindle-shaped root. The hypocotyl part is small, the supra-cotyl part is undeveloped. The cotyledons are short, oval, with an impression at the apex. Located on a short petiole. The size of the cotyledon is 5 - 7 x 3 - 4 mm.
The first leaf is obovate, oblong, widened at the top and with a rounded apex. The lower part is narrowed into a narrow-winged petiole. On the edge of the sheet - small sharp teeth.
The second leaf is similar to the first, but there are more teeth and they are longer. Subsequent leaves are bristly, oblong, unevenly notched-toothed. (Vasilchenko I.T., 1965)
The leaves of adult plants are alternate, oblong, lobed or strugoid. The base is heart-shaped, amplexicaul. In the lower part of the stem, the leaves grow on petioles, in the upper part they are sessile. Length up to 28 cm, width up to 10 cm. (Bobrov E.G., 1964) (Gubanov I.A., 2004)
The stem is finely furrowed, straight, up to 180 cm high. The upper part is bare or glandular-hairy. (Bobrov E.G., 1964) (Gubanov I.A., 2004)
Baskets are many-flowered, growing singly on the tops of branches and stems. The common inflorescence is a scattered panicle (corymbose-paniculate or umbellate-panicle). Flowers bisexual, yellow, reed. (Bobrov E.G., 1964) (Gubanov I.A., 2004)
The fruit is a brownish, dark brown, light brown or yellowish achene with a silvery-white, easily falling pod. The shape of the achene is elongated, oval with 5–6 ribs, laterally compressed and slightly curved. The upper part is truncated and bluntly rounded. Sizes of achenes: 2.5 - 3.25 x 0.75 - 1.25 x 0.5 mm. Weight of 1000 pieces - 0.6 g. (Dobrokhotov V.N., 1961)
The central root is vertical, up to 50 cm long. Horizontal rhizomes with a large number of adventitious buds extend from it. By the third year of development, the root system can go deep into the soil up to 4 m or more. (Bobrov E.G., 1964) (Fisyunov A.V., 1984)
Biology and development
Sow thistle field-perennial root-sprouting plant. The view is photophilous and moisture-loving. Vegetative and seed propagation is possible. The main value of the first method. Seed renewal is limited.
Seedlings from achenes and root buds germinate in April-May and in summer. Minimum germination temperature + 6°C, optimum + 25°C. Germination of achenes from a depth of more than 12 cm does not occur, but the viability of seeds persists for five years. Up to 90% of seeds germinate from the soil surface. Freshly ripened - germinate subject to sufficient moisture.
The maximum depth of vegetative renewal is 1.7 m. Root segments from 0.5 cm in size in a dry state have the ability to regenerate. Above-ground organs die at a temperature of -4°C. The plant tolerates drought and frost in the form of roots with renewal buds inside the soil.
Field thistle blossoms from the first year of development in June-September, bears fruit in July-October. The maximum number of achenes per plant is 30 thousand (Fisyunov A.V., 1984) (Nikitin V.V., 1983) (Shlyakova E.V., 1982)
Spreading
Habitat in nature
Sow thistle field tends to meadows, saline soils, river banks, sea coasts, thickets of bushes, often found on fallow lands and in wasty places. (Bobrov E.G., 1964)
Geographic distribution
Sow thistle field- Widespread throughout the world. Not found in South Africa and South America. It grows everywhere in Russia. (Bobrov E.G., 1964) (Trukhachev V.I., 2006)
Maliciousness
Sow thistle field- a malicious weed that clogs fields, vegetable crops, gardens, especially with sufficient natural or artificial moisture. Strongly harmful in spring crops:
- obscures;
- lowers the temperature of the soil;
- reduces soil fertility;
- reduces the efficiency of fertilizer and irrigation measures;
- contributes to the development of pathogenic microflora;
- complicates the work of agricultural machinery. (Masterov A.S., 2014) (Vasilchenko I.T., 1965) (Keller, 1935)
Economic threshold of harmfulness in crops of grain crops it is determined in the tillering phase and is established in the presence of 2 - 3 pieces of weed rosettes per 1 m 2 of sowing. (Dorozhkina, 2012)
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Sow thistle garden |
International scientific name | |
Sonchus oleraceus L. |
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CoL | |
Sow thistle garden(lat. Sonchus oleraceus) is an annual herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family ( Asteraceae).
Folk names: milkman, scrofula, bunny, milkweed, hare salad, kikish, tragus, hen, euphorbia, hare sow thistle.
Description
Botanical illustration from the book by K. A. M. Lindman Bilder ur Nordens Flora, 1917-1926.
Basket
An annual plant 30-100 cm high. The stem is thick, hollow, completely naked, erect, simple or branched; at a break it secretes white milky juice. Leaves alternate, pinnatipartite or lyre-shaped with large triangular terminal lobes, glabrous, soft or leathery; the lower ones narrowed into a winged petiole, expanded into an arrow-shaped, stem-enclosing base, the upper leaves are sessile, with sharp ears at the base.
There are several baskets, up to 1.3 cm in diameter, at the end of the stem and branches in small, umbellate corymbs; peduncles and bases of baskets cobwebby-woolly when young and sometimes covered with short, glandular setae. The flowers are reed, bisexual, bright yellow, inside with purple stripes. The involucre is 6-8 (9) mm wide and 11-12 mm long, its outer leaflets are lanceolate, half shorter than the linear-oblong inner ones.
Achenes are oblong-obovate, strongly compressed, with 3 longitudinal thin ribs on each side, transversely wrinkled, brown, 2.5-3 mm long, 1 mm wide and 0.25 mm thick. The tuft is whitish, of soft simple hairs, easily falling off.
Polymorphic species, varying in leaf shape, corolla color, and the nature of the surface of the achenes.
Chemical composition
Spreading
Eurasian-North American species, introduced to Australia. In Russia, it grows in the European part, in Siberia, in the Urals, the Far East, and the Caucasus.
Features of biology and ecology
It grows along the banks of reservoirs, downed meadows, fallow lands, clearings, along roads, near housing. It is especially common in gardens as a weed, also in garbage places near housing; very rare in crops.
Flowering and fruiting in June - September (October).
Economic importance and application
In medicine
Used in folk medicine as a laxative and wound healing agent.
In other areas
The stems and young leaves are edible, consumed in salads, boiled - in soups, mashed potatoes, etc. Young leaves and shoots are harvested during the flowering period, and the roots - in the fall.
Forage plant.
Literature
- Gubanov I. A., Kiseleva K. V., Novikov V. S., Tikhomirov V. N. Illustrated guide to plants of Central Russia. Volume 3: Angiosperms (dicotyledonous: dicotyledonous). - M: T-in scientific publications of KMK, Institute of Technological Research, 2004. - P. 490
- All about the colors of forests, fields and rivers. Atlas-determinant. - St. Petersburg: SZKEO LLC, 2008. - P. 97
- Nikolaychuk L. V., Zhigar M. P. Healing plants: Medicinal properties. Culinary recipes. Application in cosmetics. - 2nd ed., stereotypical, - Kh.: Prapor, 1992. - S. 143-144
- Weeds of the USSR. T. IV / ed. B. A. Keller. - L .: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1935. - S. 337-338
- Flora of Central Russia: Identifier Atlas / Kiseleva K. V., Maiorov S. R., Novikov V. S. Ed. prof. V. S. Novikov. - M.: CJSC "Fiton +", 2010. - S. 513
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Every gardener knows about such a malicious weed as garden sow thistle. The plant has a lot of useful properties that made it popular when using traditional methods of treatment. There are several types: both annual and perennial. Depending on this, the plant differs in height and the number of roots that lie in the upper layer of soil. You can recognize it by its straight and branched stem with characteristic hairs.
Every gardener knows about such a malicious weed as garden sow thistle.
The top of the stem is distinguished by the absence of leaves, which have a bright green color. The flowers of the plant are small and have the shape of a tongue. In some species, they gather in baskets that are closed before rain or at night. The baskets have a wrapper that looks like a cylinder, a bell or a bowl.
The seeds have a small tuft, consisting of hairs, which are combined into one ring. Thistle can be found in the Caucasus, Ukraine, the Far East, Russia, Siberia, Belarus and Central Asia.
Usually the plant appears in soil that is regularly moistened, but it is possible that it will begin to grow on dry and saline soil. Reproduction occurs by seeds or vegetatively.
The flower has many seeds, their number can reach 7000. They germinate regularly, spreading over a large area with the help of the wind. From the first days, the roots go deep into the soil. The distance of their immersion can be 2 m.
![](https://i1.wp.com/travniku.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/osotogorod2.jpg)
When the root is damaged, the sprouts reappear. You can get rid of the weed using weeding, which should be completed after 14 days. Only in this way can the root system be disturbed. Seed properties are stored in the soil for up to 20 years, so novice gardeners are sure that it is impossible to breed a plant.
If the weed is very disturbing, then you can cut it off and mulch the soil. The cut product is sent to compost or used for mulch. Its roots penetrate into the lower layers of the soil, which allows the formation of a humus layer filled with useful substances.
The plant contains many useful substances. It is rich:
- alkaloids;
- tartaric acid;
- choline;
- vitamin C;
- carotene;
- inulin.
Sow thistle will help restore nerve cells, strengthen the immune system and improve the hematopoietic process. This plant increases mental and physical abilities, rejuvenating the body.
Not everyone knows about the cooling, thirst-quenching, anti-inflammatory and anti-febrile properties of this weed. It is used for sore throat, to stop inflammation inside the organs, relieve chest pain, as well as to treat hemorrhoids and jaundice.
Gallery: garden thistle (25 photos)
Useful properties of thistle (video)
Application area
It is not worth rushing to eliminate the weed from the garden, because it will help get rid of many diseases. There will be no trace of headache, fever and unpleasant symptoms of hemorrhoids if the plant is applied correctly.
For therapeutic agents, both the sow thistle itself and its roots are taken. It is advisable to collect the stem at the time of flowering throughout the summer period, and the harvesting of the roots is carried out with the onset of autumn. Dry the weed in a well-ventilated area, where the sun's rays do not fall on it. For storage use special packages.
The healing properties are different for each species, and there are about 80 of them. The use of field pink and yellow sow thistle, as well as garden sow, is common. They are similar in nutritional and chemical properties.
![](https://i2.wp.com/travniku.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/osotogorod3.jpg)
Sow thistle is an annual plant whose height reaches 1 m. It is useful in eliminating worms, can relieve seals, relieve pain in the chest, helps relieve symptoms of a cold, helps with gout, abscess and ascites.
To create an infusion, you need 1 cup of boiling water and 1 tbsp. l. plants. The mixture is infused for about 1 hour, filtered and applied 3 times a day. To remove a boil, cut, bedsore or bleeding wound, use fresh leaves of thistle, which are applied to the damaged area of the skin.
Depending on the type, the plant is popular in cooking, thanks to which a tasty dish becomes even more useful. Grass can become one of the components of soup, gravy or salad. In addition, it will make a meat or fish dish more refined.
Sow thistle remover (video)
Plant use and contraindications
For a salad, you need to make a solution of salt and place the leaves of a young plant in it for 45 minutes, then dry them with a towel and finely chop. As a dressing, sour cream or vegetable oil is suitable. You can complement the dish with fresh or pickled cucumbers. Piquancy will bring mustard, salt or grated horseradish.
Sow thistle is also suitable for outdoor use. To prepare a decoction, you need 3 tbsp. l. dry crushed raw materials and water in the amount of 1 liter. The mixture is cooked over low heat. After the broth has boiled, it is kept on fire for another 5 minutes, and then removed and filtered.
The plant can be salted. To do this, you need to lay half of a small sheet of horseradish on the bottom of the jar. Parts of a young plant are washed, wiped with a cloth and placed in a container, sprinkled with salt and spices. In a liter jar, you can put 2-3 dill umbrellas, 4 cloves of garlic, 2 tsp. salt and 5-7 currant leaves. The remaining half of the horseradish leaf is placed on top and the jar is closed. A cool place is suitable for storage. For example, a refrigerator or cellar.
The plant has a number of contraindications. It should not be used by pregnant and lactating women, as well as those who have an individual intolerance to the herb. It is worth remembering that the plant is poisonous, so it will not be superfluous to consult a specialist, especially if you suffer from diseases of the spleen, stomach and intestines.
It is necessary to remember the beneficial effect of the juice, which can be seen when the leaf is broken. It is a white liquid. Juice will help to forget about warts forever. It is recommended to apply it to the affected area until the neoplasm dries up. In addition, the liquid has a diuretic effect. When combined with egg yolk, breast cancer can be cured. The juice is used immediately after it has been squeezed and can be used as an emergency aid for plant poison poisoning.
Gardeners should not neglect this weed when getting rid of it. Useful properties of thistle can make the plant indispensable in the economy and treatment. Ridding the soil of weeds will be a necessary activity not only to get a good harvest, but also to improve health. If a person is afraid to eat a plant, then you can stop at the methods of external use.