Labile autonomic nervous system. Increased lability of the nervous system. It is important not to start the disease
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Autonomic disorders in the human body are a fairly common phenomenon, observed in approximately 80% of adults. The causes of this disease are structural and functional changes in the autonomic nervous system, which results in a disruption of the regulatory functions of some organs and systems, for example, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, etc. In recent years, there has also been a “rejuvenation” of such symptoms - increasingly, signs of vegetative lability appear in adolescents and children. There are several reasons for this: excessive academic loads at school, where the child has to be almost constantly under tension; poor quality nutrition; poor environmental conditions. By the way, now children move very little, preferring computer games instead of outdoor games.
Signs of vegetative lability
Symptoms of this disorder in children can manifest themselves in different ways, which complicates its diagnosis: dizziness, headaches; increased heart rate; unexplained surges in blood pressure. As a result, we get poor sleep, increased fatigue, increased irritability, sometimes the stomach hurts, the temperature rises, nausea appears, etc. Dizziness can cause fainting, especially if you stand up suddenly or stand in one place for a long time. In the presence of autonomic disorders, the child becomes too anxious, afraid of everything, often cries, which entails many psychological problems.
Don't start the disease
Alas, not all parents pay due attention to the symptoms described above in their child. Increased fatigue and headaches are easily “explained” by school stress, and problems with the gastrointestinal tract are easily explained by an unbalanced diet or minor food poisoning. A doctor is consulted only when symptoms become severe. However, autonomic disorders can cause complications, so you should consult a doctor as early as possible. Statistics show that against the background of autonomic disorders, pathologies of the cardiovascular system can easily develop: hypertension, coronary artery disease, atherosclerotic changes.
You've probably heard the term “lability”. What it is? Lability is the speed of excitation in nervous and muscle tissues, the speed of transition from a state of excitation to a state of rest and vice versa. The term comes from the Latin word labilis, which means unstable, sliding.
What does it mean? Different cells and tissues of the body react differently to nervous stimulation and can transmit received impulses at different speeds. The term “lability” was proposed to be used by the Russian physiologist N. E. Vvedensky in 1886. He studied the frequency of tissue irritation and the tissue's response to sustained stimuli. Lability is expressed in the time required to restore performance after the resulting stimulation. It depends on various factors and can decrease, for example, under the influence of alcohol and drugs, or cold. In this case, it takes more time to recover to a normal state.
Lability is a phenomenon inherent in a person at the gene level. Therefore, everyone has their own susceptibility to various types of mental disorders and diseases. If lability indicators are low, then at the psychological level people are less susceptible to alcohol, nicotine, drug addiction and other addictions. But with prolonged exposure to the body, addiction can still arise and develop. With high levels of emotional lability, for example, after smoking the first cigarette, it is easier for people to quit smoking, but no tangible changes will occur in the body. But if lability is low, even if a person is not a follower of an unhealthy lifestyle and bad habits, but for some reason tried the same cigarette, most likely he will not be able to give it up on his own.
This term is used in medicine, psychology, and psychiatry. There are social, emotional, mental, vegetative, intellectual and other uses of this term.
Emotional lability is responsible for frequent mood changes without significant reasons. What is this - a normal state, or a signal of the presence of a disease?
This is often a symptom of a brain problem or disease, or may be the result of a traumatic brain injury. The emotional state can change several times a day, even due to minor events or circumstances. In this case, the depth of such change is taken into account.
Actions can be harsh and thoughtless. The consequences of such actions affect the human condition. Mood, sleep, appetite changes, a desire appears, either to be alone or to be only with a very close person, or to be in a noisy place, in company, this is reflected in well-being, expressed in relation to the vision of the future or judgments about the past.
High emotional lability is characteristic of people with increased anxiety. Often such people are perceived as frivolous and superficial, since their actions and actions are difficult to explain and understand. Often the cause of this condition is the presence of a situation that traumatizes the human psyche. And when the stimulus is eliminated, emotional lability also decreases or disappears. The help of a psychologist under such circumstances will have a positive effect, but will not remove the causes and therefore will not have an effective result. Sometimes the help of a psychiatrist, treatment with special drugs that affect the brain, and sometimes the intervention of a neurologist and neurosurgeon are necessary. You can take herbal sedatives. And it is very important to reconsider your lifestyle - pay more attention to walks in the fresh air, playing sports, and avoid those factors that may cause such a condition.
Responsible for the ability to adapt to the current situation, for the transition from the stage of thinking to action, for switching attention from one task to another without making mistakes. These are very valuable qualities in the modern world, where the flow of information is growing and there is a need to quickly learn and respond to what is most necessary and essential at the moment. It is very important to have creative thinking, a desire to learn quickly, and to perceive new things. Special tests have been developed to determine the level of intellectual lability. What does it mean? If the level is high enough, we can talk about the good ability of the nervous system to move from excitation processes to inhibition processes. A person can adequately respond to changing situations, make the right decisions, and acquire new knowledge.
Vegetative lability - what is it?
In medicine, the study of lability is important for determining autonomic disorders in the human body and what causes them. After all, the autonomic nervous system is responsible for all the most vital processes and functions of the body, such as reproduction, body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and various biochemical processes. Even in children and adolescents, the manifestation of these disorders can be observed, which subsequently leads to serious health problems. It is difficult to diagnose this manifestation, since it can be expressed by headaches, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, nausea, sleep problems, tinnitus, irritability and other manifestations. In any case, you need to contact specialists to detect the problem and avoid consequences and complications.
Blood pressure lability
Another expression found in medicine. It is characterized by a permanent or temporary manifestation of either an increase or decrease in blood pressure. Such jumps can manifest themselves through headaches in the back of the head, “floaters” and double vision, sleep disturbance, decreased attention and memory, numbness of the limbs, as causeless excitability and irritability. You need to pay attention to these symptoms and also try to determine the cause of their occurrence. You need to measure your blood pressure twice a day for about two weeks and try to change your lifestyle - diet, sleep patterns, spend more time in the fresh air, pay attention to sports, reduce physical and psycho-emotional stress.
Social lability - what is it?
It manifests itself as fear during contact with strangers, in public speaking, in relationships, and contacts with other persons. It is difficult for such people to adapt to new places, they are afraid to meet new people, to start something unknown to themselves. Sometimes it even requires intervention and help from specialists.
What is vegetative lability
The autonomic or autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that regulates the functioning of the internal organs (heart, stomach, intestines, and others), as well as the circulatory and lymphatic systems. Numerous glands of our body are also under its control. Thus, for example, sweating, blood pressure, heart rate, the ability to thermoregulate, and much more depend on the autonomic nervous system. It plays an important role in stressful situations that require a person to respond in a “fight or flight” manner. How well a person rests (here we mean physical, bodily relaxation) and how the food he eats is digested and absorbed largely depends on its work.
If a person can control the processes occurring under the “beginning” of the central nervous system to a certain extent, then the functioning of the autonomic nervous system is beyond his control.
However, there are techniques that supposedly help a person gain control over some of the functions for which it is responsible (for example, slowing down the heartbeat), but their effects are poorly understood and take a very long time to master.
The two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems (SNS and PNS, respectively). The first of them is primarily responsible for the more active (at least externally) activity of the body, in particular for the fight or flight reaction, which was mentioned above. When exposed to a stressor that forces a person to choose between flight and fight, the SNS, for example, causes blood pressure to rise and heart rate to increase. The PNS is responsible for digestion, lowering blood pressure, as well as the functioning of the endocrine system and metabolism.
In a healthy person, the autonomic system responds adequately to non-external stimuli - temperature, stress , and others. In patients with autonomic lability, normal stimuli may cause abnormal responses. For example, their blood pressure may rise sharply when exposed to the slightest stressor, they may sweat a lot when the air temperature is not too high, and so on. Autonomic lability is not an independent disease; it may be the first sign of vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD) or, less commonly, other disorders. By the way, VSD itself is often also a sign of various disorders. We will talk about the causes of vegetative lability below.
Researchers believe that throughout the world the number of people who have more or less pronounced autonomic lability is in the tens, if not hundreds of millions. Many patients do not pay attention to its signs for a long time or deliberately ignore them, believing that they are a consequence of stress, fatigue, and will soon go away on their own.
Autonomic lability is the unstable functioning of the autonomic (autonomic) nervous system.
Increased sensitivity and reactivity of the autonomic nervous system manifests itself with minimal stress factors.
Anatomical and physiological implications
The autonomic nervous system is part of the body's nervous system. Its functions include control and regulation of the work of internal organs (intestines, stomach, heart, etc.), lymphatic, circulatory systems, and glands of the body.
This system also regulates the process of sweating, heart rate, thermoregulation, and blood pressure. It is also responsible for a person’s reaction in stressful situations, for the ability to fully relax physically during rest, for the digestion and assimilation of food consumed. The functioning of the autonomic nervous system is beyond human control.
The autonomic nervous system consists of two divisions - sympathetic and parasympathetic. The parasympathetic nervous system regulates the functioning of the endocrine system, the digestive tract, is responsible for metabolism and lowering blood pressure.
The sympathetic nervous system is active in stressful situations. It is responsible for supplying muscles with oxygen, rapid heartbeat, and breathing.
In a normal state, there is an adequate response of the autonomic system to external stimuli (stress, temperature, sounds). With the syndrome of increased lability of the autonomic nervous system, an individual may experience inadequate reactions to common stress factors: increased sweating at low temperatures, increased blood pressure with minor stress.
Reflexes of the autonomic system ensure an adequate response of the body to stress, and a person’s understanding of the presence of anomalies in his condition or sensations.
Autonomic lability is not an idiopathic disease. Often it is a sign of vegetative-vascular dystonia. This disorder is present in approximately 80% of the population, in adults and children.
Reasons for failure
Lability of the autonomic nervous system can develop gradually and occur suddenly. This condition often remains undiagnosed, since patients do not attach importance to the manifestations, considering them the result of stressful situations and fatigue. Patients may also be considered hypochondriacs.
The causes of autonomic lability can be varied:
- stress factors;
- adverse effects of the external environment;
- infectious diseases;
- intoxication;
- surgical intervention;
- traumatic brain and other injuries;
- change of climate and time zones;
- pregnancy;
- menopause;
- psychological trauma, including childhood trauma;
- lack of vitamins (especially vitamins B1, B3, B6 and B12 and vitamin E).
There is also the possibility of autonomic lability due to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, which can be caused by various diseases.
Such diseases include ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, diabetes, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, paraneoplastic syndrome, sarcoidosis, Sjögren's syndrome.
Wide range of manifestations
Manifestations of autonomic lability are associated with all areas that are controlled by the autonomic nervous system; symptoms of the condition can be varied:
- fainting and dizziness;
- increased fatigue (due to lack of adequate adjustment of heart rate relative to stress);
- increased or decreased sweating;
- headache;
- disturbances in the digestive tract, which lead to constipation, diarrhea, bloating, loss of appetite;
- difficulty urinating;
- problems in the sexual sphere (lack of erection, vaginal dryness, nonorgasmia);
- visual impairment (increased sensitivity to light, blurred vision);
- poor tolerance to cold and heat;
- sleep disorders;
- tremor;
- rapid heartbeat, lability of blood pressure;
- apathy, lethargy, weakness, constant mild malaise;
- increased irritability;
- decreased concentration;
- sudden mood swings;
- speech disorders;
- unreasonable fears, anxiety and neurotic phobias;
- pain in joints and muscles;
- dry skin;
- numbness in various parts of the body.
Examination and diagnosis
To make a diagnosis, a comprehensive examination is necessary, since the symptoms of autonomic lability are similar to those of other diseases. It is necessary to exclude mental illnesses, neuropsychiatric disorders, and also in the case of physiological manifestations, to exclude organic pathologies.
After excluding other diseases, the likelihood of disorders in the autonomic nervous system is considered. Often, collecting an anamnesis, interviewing the patient, and a superficial examination is sufficient.
A neurologist should pay attention to constriction or dilation of the pupils, increased sweating, or excessive dryness of the skin, pallor, or hyperemia of the skin. To assess the work of the autonomic system, the work of skin, somatovegetative, and sweat reflexes is analyzed.
Also, to assess the degree of violations, tests are prescribed for the biochemical composition of urine and blood.
An integrated approach to treatment
When treating vegetative lability, methods without the use of pharmacological drugs predominate.
To bring the functioning of the nervous system back to normal, it is recommended:
- adhere to normal operating hours;
- have proper sleep and rest;
- follow proper nutrition;
- lead a healthy lifestyle;
- exercise;
- reduce physical activity;
- spend time outdoors, take walks;
- avoid stress factors;
- use decoctions of mint, valerian, lemon balm.
Drug treatment consists of the use of drugs that calm the nervous system, as well as symptomatic treatment of organs and systems whose functioning has been disrupted due to the disease.
They use drugs whose action is aimed at normalizing sleep, sedatives, painkillers, and vitamins.
A neurologist may prescribe anti-anxiety drugs (Tenoten, Phenazepam, Phenibut, Afobazol). The therapeutic course is selected individually.
In addition to visiting a neurologist, it is recommended to consult a psychiatrist, psychotherapist, or psychologist. These specialists will help identify the cause of the disease, as well as learn how to deal with stress, and teach techniques for relieving vegetative symptoms that arise as a result of internal tension.
Autonomic lability of the nervous system requires treatment, as it can lead to a number of diseases:
- pathologies of the cardiovascular system (ischemia, hypertension, atherosclerotic changes);
- stomach diseases (gastritis, peptic ulcer);
- mental disorders.
This section was created to take care of those who need a qualified specialist, without disturbing the usual rhythm of their own lives.
What is autonomic lability?
Not a disease, but it needs to be treated
Autonomic lability is now familiar not only to adult patients, but also to children. According to neurologists, the incidence of this syndrome among children and adolescents ranges from 10 to 50%. Marzhan Zhareckeeva, a neurologist at the Children's Infectious Diseases Hospital in Astana, will tell you more about this disease.
There are many synonyms for this disease: autonomic lability, vegetative-vascular dystonia, autonomic dysfunction, autonomic neurosis, autonomic-vascular form of hypothalamic syndrome, psycho-vegetative syndrome, etc. In fact, none of this is a disease. This is a syndrome that includes disorders of autonomic functions of various origins and manifestations, caused by a disorder of their regulation.
For what reason does this imbalance occur in the body of children?
The causes of VSD in children depend on age. In early childhood, hereditary burden and perinatal pathology, accompanied by minimal cerebral dysfunction, are of great importance. Later – allergic and toxic-infectious lesions of the autonomic nervous system due to focal (caries, chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis) or general infection.
In addition, the child’s previous traumatic brain injuries and the impact of negative psycho-emotional factors are of great importance. Such factors may be overload at school, conflict situations in the family and school.
During the pubertal period, vegetative lability is transient, but when exposed to additional other causes it becomes very persistent.
What do the symptoms of the disease look like?
At an early age, signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia VSD are noted in the gastrointestinal tract. Regurgitation, bloating accompanied by crying, unstable stools, diarrhea or constipation are observed. Appetite is reduced, and there is a delay in weight gain. The skin may have diaper rash, persistent erythema, and symptoms of exudative diathesis. There is a tendency to allergic reactions. Such babies' sleep is superficial, with frequent waking up and unreasonable crying.
In the second and third years of a baby’s life, a decrease in the child’s adaptive capabilities appears (increased sensitivity to infections, meteorological influences, tendency to colds). There is poor appetite and insufficient chewing. Such children are very impressionable, fearful, uncommunicative, and pathologically attached to mom or dad.
Children of senior preschool age develop paroxysmal states of various types (night terrors, affective respiratory or hysterical seizures), which manifest themselves against the background of permanent autonomic dysfunction. Children become pale, get tired quickly, suffer from pre-syncope (lipothymia), fainting, frequent headaches, sometimes in the form of a typical migraine. In adolescence and adolescence, delineated syndromes of dysfunction of organs and systems are formed, and vascular dystonia develops.
Teenagers usually complain of hypertensive conditions: fatigue, heart pain, headaches, dizziness, sweating, chilliness, feeling of lack of air, sleep disturbances.
One should also distinguish between such a syndrome as vegetative-vascular dystonia of the hypotonic type. It occurs in a child at an early age, but, as a rule, appears only during puberty. It is characterized by an asthenic physique, a lag in adolescent physical and psychomotor development, fatigue, headaches, dizziness when changing position, poor tolerance to transport or heights, vestibulopathy, and discomfort in the heart area. Fainting and migraines are sometimes observed.
Based on what studies is the diagnosis made?
Based on clinical data, ECG, Dopplerography, EEG, we determine dermographism and analyze cardiovascular reflexes. When making a diagnosis, consultations with a psychiatrist, endocrinologist, or psychologist are required in order to exclude other diseases.
How is vegetative-vascular lability treated?
If possible, preference should be given to non-medicinal methods - reflexology, physical therapy, massage, physiotherapy and herbal medicine, spa treatment.
Many doctors recommend breathing exercises for such children, which reduce the manifestations of hyperventilation, based on training diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing, forming a certain ratio between the duration of inhalation and exhalation (1:2), deepening and thereby exercising breathing.
During exacerbations, patients are prescribed medications with a sedative effect for a short period of time.
Rational psychotherapy plays a significant role - it is necessary not only to inform the mother, but also the sick child that he does not have a life-threatening disease, but also explain the essence of his condition. Everything is curable.
Magazine article
Vegetative lability
What is this?
Autonomic disorders in the human body are a fairly common phenomenon, observed in approximately 80% of adults. The causes of this disease are structural and functional changes in the autonomic nervous system, which results in a disruption of the regulatory functions of some organs and systems, for example, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, etc. In recent years, there has also been a rejuvenation of such symptoms - increasingly, signs of vegetative lability appear in adolescents and children. There are several reasons for this: excessive academic loads at school, where the child has to be almost constantly under tension; poor quality nutrition; poor environmental conditions. By the way, now children move very little, preferring computer games instead of outdoor games.
Signs of vegetative lability
Symptoms of this disorder in children can manifest themselves in different ways, which complicates its diagnosis: dizziness, headaches; increased heart rate; unexplained surges in blood pressure. As a result, we get poor sleep, increased fatigue, increased irritability, sometimes the stomach hurts, the temperature rises, nausea appears, etc. Dizziness can cause fainting, especially if you stand up suddenly or stand in one place for a long time. In the presence of autonomic disorders, the child becomes too anxious, afraid of everything, often cries, which entails many psychological problems.
Don't start the disease
Alas, not all parents pay due attention to the symptoms described above in their child. Increased fatigue and headaches are easily explained by school stress, and problems with the gastrointestinal tract are easily explained by an unbalanced diet or minor food poisoning. A doctor is consulted only when symptoms become severe. However, autonomic disorders can cause complications, so you should consult a doctor as early as possible. Statistics show that against the background of autonomic disorders, pathologies of the cardiovascular system can easily develop: hypertension, coronary artery disease, atherosclerotic changes.
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Neurotonia and its manifestations. Vegetative lability
To name and define similar forms of autonomic disorders. in which we are talking about a general predominance, in various mixtures and proportions, the term and concept of neurotonia (Guillaume - 1919) and hyper- or hypoamphotonia (Danielopoulu - 1923) appeared. Both want to express states characterized by a general predominance of both vegetative components, in combinations in which it is difficult to specify the proportion of each of them, in which the symptoms and signs of vagotonia and sympathicotonia are intertwined differently from person to another, from territory to another, even from day to day , creating strange symptomatic pictures, sometimes difficult to decipher, even paradoxical. For these conditions, later labels appeared: vegetative dystopia (Sicart), amphodystonia, dysvegetosis, as well as vegetative lability, vegetative ataxia (Birkmayer).
These names refer - all - to the category of patients with various neurovegetative disorders that cannot be included in simple tone deviations (that is, hyper- or hypo-sympathetic-vagotonia). The various names indicated tend to mean - each - neurovegetative disorders, into which deviations of the sympatheticus and vagus are interwoven, in different features and proportions. They seem, therefore, to be equivalent, synonymous.
However, there is some relative difference in content between them. The shade in their use is also useful in practice, and therefore should be emphasized.
Autonomic lability means a state of instability, sensitivity and increased reactivity of the neurovegetative system, with minimal, banal, general stimuli. A vegetatively labile individual represents living reflectivity, excessive, exceeding the general size of the viscera, organs of vegetative life, in comparison with general physical factors (cold, heat), in the face of noise, polluted atmosphere, fatigue, emotions, food excesses, spoiled foods, etc.
Under the influence of such factors. more or less general, an individual with autonomic lability, quite easily and relatively often presents episodic disorders consisting of headaches, migraines, palpitations, precordial pain, nausea, spasms, abdominal cramps, complains of cold or hot spells, becomes pale or engorged, sweats, his mouth becomes dry or saliva collects, and eventually he has an attack of diarrhea; his pulse quickens or slows down, his blood pressure rises (less often falls).
Vegetatively labile individuals are sensitive to mental trauma, mental stress, and meteorological changes, to which they react very strongly; they are very sensitive when traveling and easily get seasickness, air sickness and train sickness; Nitritodine crises, intolerance reactions, a state of collapse, and fainting are also easily caused in them. They, strictly speaking, are not sick, in the purely classical sense of the word - they are painful; represent on an organism normal in appearance, greater organo-vegetative sensitivity, increased moral and physical sensitivity, increased visceral reflectivity, forcing them to periodically suffer due to aggressive conditions of even low intensity. They are, as Eppinger and then Guyom called them, “invalids of the vegetative system,” and Bergamn “vegetatively branded; they have an unstable, unreliable balance of the autonomic system. Their state of dysreactivity, lability regarding the organ-vegetative system was also called “neuro-getative erethism, visceral erethism” or “autonomic ataxia” (Birkmayer).
Sources: http://dzm.kz/articles/4600, http://pacient.info/a_vegetativnaya_labilnost-26.html, http://meduniver.com/Medical/Psixology/423.html
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Emotional lability: is it good or bad?
Emotional lability is a concept that implies instability and variability of mental processes in the structures of higher nervous activity of a person. Their appearance can be caused by a number of internal factors - for example, a malfunction in a person’s hormonal background, and external stimuli - high temperature, contact with chemicals, changes in the magnetic field.
Emotional lability syndrome is more typical for people whose psyche reacts too actively to changes in the environment, to stressful situations, or to the appearance of internal diseases.
At the same time, lability in psychology is considered as mobility, and in some cases instability of the human psyche, regardless of its relationship with physiology. The condition itself is usually considered a negative quality. However, experts give it its due as one of the mechanisms of adaptation to a changing external environment. Mood swings can be associated with the characteristics of the innate parameters of the human psyche, for example, choleric personality type, or with psychological trauma suffered by him.
Whereas lability in physiology is considered exclusively from the point of view of the properties of nervous tissue - its ability to conduct an electrical impulse, transform it, or stop it. Such characteristics must be taken into account by specialists when selecting optimal treatment regimens for various nervous and mental diseases.
Intellectual instability
Widespread emotional lability is its intellectual variety. In essence, it is a person’s ability to quickly switch his attention from solving one life problem to another that requires the application of intellectual effort.
The biologically determined process directly depends on the neurophysiological parameters of the cerebral cortex inherent in humans by nature. Therefore, practice and training will not play any role - each of us is a unique individual in this regard.
High lability of the nervous system is the ability to:
However, not every person has the required intelligence characteristics. Therefore, in attempts to adapt to the modern pace of life and its demands, people become irritable, embittered, and acquire many nervous diseases and disorders.
Emotional instability
No less often in the practice of psychotherapists there is such a condition as emotional lability. As a rule, such instability is secondary, accompanying other pathologies and diseases of brain structures. For example, mood lability can be observed in people who have a history of:
- senile dementia;
- pronounced cerebral atherosclerosis;
- suffered brain accidents - for example, strokes;
- obliterating form of cerebral thromboangiitis;
- hypertension stage 2–3;
- traumatic brain injuries;
- brain tumors.
Psycho-emotional lability in this case will be only one of many clinical signs of exhaustion of the nervous system. Only a highly professional specialist can assess its severity and establish the true root cause.
A failure in the balance between the processes of excitation and inhibition in the cerebral cortex will manifest itself in different ways. Most often, emotional lability is expressed as follows:
- the appearance of sudden, unexpected affective outbursts - for a seemingly insignificant reason,
- words spoken out of place also quickly disappear;
- sudden changes, mood swings - from the peak of anger to deep despondency, tearfulness;
- lack of inclination to physical aggression even at the height of emotional experiences;
- restlessness and lack of concentration at home and at work;
- lack of adequate assessment of one's own behavior.
People with such mental instability are prone to quarrelsomeness, lack of social attachment, and excessive impressionability. They can go from one extreme to another.
Autonomic instability
Therefore, blood pressure parameters, sweating, thermoregulation and many other internal processes depend on the full activity of this system. Functional lability will consist precisely in the lack of coherence between the central structures of the brain and the peripheral parts of the autonomic system.
Main manifestations of instability:
- tendency to faint;
- persistent dizziness;
- increased fatigue;
- frequent and causeless euphoria;
- excessive sweating;
- difficulty with bowel movements;
- dysuric states;
- erectile dysfunction in men, vaginal dryness in women;
- visual impairment not due to physical reasons;
- disturbances in the sensitivity of the pharynx, which can also be observed with pharyngeal neurosis;
- poor tolerance to temperature fluctuations;
- various sleep quality disorders;
- severe tremors in the limbs;
- tachycardia.
With age, vegetative lability can either decrease or increase - for example, hysterics in women during menopause occur much more often, while after stabilization of hormonal levels, mental lability decreases.
Mental instability
An extremely unstable psychological state is the main clinical sign of a disorder such as mental lability. A similar feature is inherent in people of creative professions - theater and film actors, artists and singers, as well as film directors and writers.
The entire spectrum of possible feelings and emotions is experienced by them with excessive depth - from love to hatred a few moments can pass. However, emotional lability in this case does not last very long - as a rule, a person quickly regains control over his emotions.
If for a choleric personality, affective outbursts can even be called a plus - they help them express themselves and fulfill their work duties, for example, actors. Then, in severe cases, mental emotional lability can be a sign of an organic personality disorder, some psychopathy, and even mania.
Borderline symptoms of instability:
- excessive impressionability;
- tendency to shift the difficulties of life onto other people;
- rapid change of emotions and interests;
- pronounced emotional as well as physical exhaustion following an affective outburst;
- ignoring prohibitions from others.
Gradually, negative character traits worsen, a person completely loses control over his mental activity, and can become dangerous to society. Treatment in this case should be carried out by a psychiatrist, not a psychotherapist.
Features of emotional instability in childhood
Often, emotional lability in children is difficult to differentiate from hysterical psychopathy or the need for increased attention from adults. Children with a hysterical psychotype constantly create “scenes” and do not respond well to educational measures.
However, most often increased psychological lability is a consequence of stress experienced by the child. Therefore, it is enough to establish what caused the disorder in the child’s emotional sphere in order to restore his peace of mind. Parents should pay attention to their child’s persistent reluctance to communicate with this or that person or fulfill any requirements. A timely request for help from a child psychologist allows you to take appropriate measures and restore emotional well-being to the family.
If specialized treatment is required, it is also advisable to start it from an early age. Then the baby’s chances of developing more or less according to his age increase significantly, and in the future the child will be able to adapt to society without serious consequences.
Treatment tactics
Treatment of emotional lability must necessarily be comprehensive - it requires influence not only at the physiological level, directly on the speed of the processes of excitation and inhibition in neurocytes, but also work with a psychotherapist.
In some cases, it is enough to adhere to general recommendations - get enough sleep, eat right, avoid stressful situations - in order to gain control over your own emotions. In addition, the specialist prescribes mild herbal-based sedatives. Motherwort, valerian, as well as lemon balm, chamomile, and hawthorn have proven themselves to be excellent.
If lability is caused by the course of a particular mental illness, then the treatment tactics will be different, aimed at correcting the underlying disorder. Medicines are selected from psychotropic subgroups of the anticonvulsant series, nootropics and drugs that improve cerebral circulation and relieve increased personal anxiety. Physiotherapy, massage, hydrotherapy come to the rescue. Courses of psychotherapy and occupational therapy are required.
The key to success in the fight against emotional instability is timely seeking medical help. At the early stage of the appearance of fluctuations in the emotional sphere, they can be dealt with if you follow all the doctor’s instructions.
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Mental illnesses. Schizophrenia. Depression. Affective insanity. Oligophrenia. Psychosomatic diseases.
Autonomic lability in children
In case of vegetative disorders in children, it is important to take all measures in a timely manner so that the situation is not complicated by other diseases.
What it is?
Autonomic disorders in the body are a fairly common problem, which occurs to one degree or another in more than 80% of the adult population. The causes of this disease lie in structural and functional changes in the autonomic nervous system. As a result, the autonomic regulation of some organs and systems is disrupted, in particular, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, genitourinary and others. Unfortunately, every year the symptom complex becomes younger, and more and more often signs of autonomic disorders are observed in children. There are several reasons that led to this state of affairs. This includes excessive workload at school, where the child is under constant stress, poor nutrition and unsatisfactory environmental conditions. In addition, modern children move very little. They prefer computer games to playing outside and doing physical activity.
Characteristic signs
Symptoms of autonomic disorders in children can be different, which complicates diagnosis. For example, this may be palpitations, headaches and dizziness, surges in blood pressure, and as a result - increased fatigue, sleep disturbance, irritability, and in some cases, abdominal pain, nausea, fever and other symptoms. Sometimes dizziness leads to fainting, especially when standing up suddenly, or in case of prolonged standing. In the presence of autonomic disorders, the child is prone to anxiety, tearfulness and fear, which leads to a number of psychological problems.
It is important not to start the disease
Unfortunately, parents do not always respond properly to the symptoms described above. We often blame fatigue and headaches on school, and we almost always blame problems with the gastrointestinal tract on an unbalanced diet or suspect food poisoning. As a rule, we consult a doctor only when the symptoms become more pronounced. But autonomic disorders can lead to complications, so you need to seek medical help as early as possible. It is noted that against the background of autonomic dysfunctions, the risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies, in particular hypertension, coronary heart disease and atherosclerotic changes, increases.
Take action
If your child has autonomic lability, certain lifestyle changes are recommended: normalization of sleep, moderate physical activity, balanced nutrition and, of course, taking special medications that correct the functioning of the nervous and cardiovascular systems.
When searching for a cure for cardiovascular disorders, researchers realized that such drugs are usually taken in long courses, which is dangerous due to toxic complications on the body. In order to solve this problem, it was decided to create a drug on a natural basis. Scientists knew that one of the most effective remedies for cardiovascular diseases is the fruit of hawthorn. However, in case of vegetative disorders, the effect of hawthorn is insufficient, so it was decided to create a combination drug that consists of extracts of hawthorn and motherwort. This is how the combined drug CRATAL was created, which contains the amino acid taurine and thick extracts of hawthorn and motherwort fruits.
Especially for use in pediatric practice, the Borshchagovsky Chemical and Pharmaceutical Plant has developed a children's dosage of the drug Kratal. The combined drug “Kralal for Children” gently calms the nervous system, significantly improves the emotional state, and also increases the child’s performance. Such a wide spectrum of action is due to the properties of the constituent components: the amino acid taurine, extracts of hawthorn and motherwort fruits. The amino acid taurine improves cerebral circulation and cognitive functions of the central nervous system, and also acts as an antiaggregate component.
The combined drug “Kralal for children” can be used for children from 6 years of age in complex therapy of vegetative-vascular and neurocirculatory forms of autonomic disorders. For children of different ages, the drug is taken in the following dosage:
- children aged 6-11 years take 1 tablet 3 times a day;
- children under age - 2 tablets 3 times a day.
The drug is taken orally before meals with a sufficient amount of water. The duration of treatment is 1 month. If necessary, the course of treatment is repeated. The frequency of repeated courses of treatment is prescribed by the doctor on an individual basis.
The drug has antiarrhythmic, antianginal, mild cardiotonic and sedative effects. In addition, the drug “Kralal for Children” improves blood supply to the heart muscle, normalizes pulse and blood pressure.
If there is hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, allergic reactions (itching, hyperemia, swelling of the skin, urticaria, rash), arterial hypotension, bradycardia, drowsiness and dizziness are possible.
Before use, be sure to read the instructions and consult your doctor.
Keep the drug out of the reach of children.
Self-medication can be dangerous to your health.
Instructions for medications
"Clinical Psychology", Karvasarsky
The question of the existence of individual typological properties of the nervous system was first raised in physiology by Pavlov. Observing the behavior of dogs that survived being submerged during a flood, I noticed that in some animals the previously developed conditioned reflexes were preserved, while in others they were destroyed, and the animals developed neurosis. Pavlov decided that the first group of animals had a strong nervous system, and the second group had a weak one. For the weak type, as Pavlov wrote, “both individual and social life with its most severe crises are directly unbearable.” Psychologists and clinicians today do not agree with Pavlov’s conclusions, see text below
As a result of his research, Pavlov discovered such properties of the nervous system as the mobility of nervous processes and their balance, that is, the balance of excitation and inhibition.
Currently, the most studied properties of NS are: strength, mobility and lability.
Nervous System Strength
It was defined by Pavlov as the ability to endure super-strong stimuli and understood as the endurance of the nervous system. Subsequently, an inverse relationship between the strength of the nervous system and sensitivity was established, that is, individuals with a strong nervous system are characterized by a low level of analyzer sensitivity, and, conversely, a weak nervous system is characterized by high sensitivity. The strength of the nervous system began to be determined by the level of EEG activation and considered as the activation of the nervous system, while sensitivity is a secondary characteristic depending on the level of activation of the nervous system at rest.
How does the strength of the nervous system affect human behavior and activity?
Representatives of the strong and weak types of the nervous system differ in terms of endurance and sensitivity. A person with a strong nervous system is characterized by high performance, low susceptibility to fatigue, the ability to remember and take care of performing several types of tasks at the same time for a long period of time, that is, to distribute his attention well. In situations of intense activity and increased responsibility, an improvement in performance efficiency is observed. Moreover, in the conditions of ordinary, everyday activities, they develop a state of monotony and boredom, which reduces work efficiency, so they achieve their best results, as a rule, in conditions of increased motivation.
The behavior of a person with a weak nervous system is characterized completely differently. It is characterized by rapid fatigue, the need for additional breaks for rest, a sharp decrease in work productivity against the background of distractions and interference, and the inability to distribute attention between several tasks at the same time. In situations of intense activity, work efficiency decreases, anxiety and uncertainty arise. This is especially evident in situations of public communication. A weak nervous system is characterized by high resistance to monotony, therefore representatives of the weak type achieve better results in everyday, habitual activities.
Nervous system mobility
This property was first identified by Pavlov in 1932. Later it turned out to be very ambiguous and was divided into two independent properties: mobility and lability of the nervous system (Teplov).
The mobility of the nervous system is understood as the ease of alteration of the signal meaning of stimuli (positive to negative and vice versa). The basis for this is the presence of trace processes and their duration. In the experiment, when determining mobility, the subject is presented with positive (requiring a response), negative (inhibitory, requiring to slow down the response) and neutral stimuli alternating in a random order. The speed of a reaction depends on how long traces of a previous reaction remain and influence subsequent reactions. Thus, the more stimuli a person can accurately process under these conditions, the higher the mobility of his nervous system. Vital manifestations of the mobility of the nervous system are the ease of inclusion in work after a break or at the beginning of an activity (workability), the ease of altering stereotypes, such a person easily moves from one way of performing an activity to another, diversifies techniques and methods of work, and this applies to both motor and intellectual activity, ease in establishing contacts with different people is noted. Inert ones are characterized by opposite manifestations.
Lability of the nervous system
The speed of emergence and disappearance of the nervous process. This speed characteristic of the activity of the nervous system is based on the assimilation of the rhythm of impulses coming to the tissues. The higher the frequency a particular system can reproduce in its response, the higher its lability (Vvedensky). Indicators of lability are CFSM (critical frequency of flicker fusion), as well as EEG indicators (latency period and duration of depression of the L-rhythm after presentation of the stimulus). One of the most important manifestations of life is the speed of information processing and the lability of the emotional sphere. Lability has a positive effect on academic success and the success of intellectual activity.
Is it possible to consider some typological features as “good”, facilitating adaptation, and others as “bad”, making it difficult, as Pavlov did in his time?
Modern data obtained by psychophysiologists, psychologists and clinicians indicate that each of the properties of the nervous system has both negative and positive sides. For example, the positive side of a weak nervous system is its high sensitivity, high resistance to monotony, and a higher manifestation of speed qualities. The positive side of the inertia of nervous processes is the establishment of stronger conditioned reflex connections, better voluntary memory, greater depth of penetration into the material being studied, and greater patience with the difficulties experienced. Thus, typological features determine not so much the degree of adaptation of a person to the environment, but rather the different methods of adaptation. This is especially evident in the formation of an individual style of activity.
Activity style
An activity style is a system of techniques for performing an activity. The manifestation of the style of activity is diverse - these include methods of organizing mental activity, practical methods of action, and features of reactions and mental processes. “... individual style should be understood as the entire system of distinctive features of a given person’s activity, determined by the characteristics of his personality” (Klimov). An individual style is developed throughout life and performs a compensatory adaptive function. Thus, representatives of a weak type of nervous system compensate for rapid fatigue with frequent breaks for rest, pre-planning and regularity of activities, and distractibility with increased control and checking of work after completion. Thorough preliminary preparation makes it possible to reduce the neuropsychic stress that arises at critical moments of activity.
The typological properties of the nervous system are the basis for the formation of a person’s temperament and abilities, they influence the development of a number of personal traits (for example, volitional), they must be taken into account in professional selection and career guidance.