How to take a spermogram: collection rules and factors influencing the result. Spermogram - norms and rules for taking the test, indicators and interpretation Which doctor does the spermogram
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Planning a pregnancy is an important moment in the life of every couple. Naturally, during this period it is necessary to undergo some examinations, consult a doctor and undergo certain tests. Quite often, men are recommended to undergo sperm tests. Of course, representatives of the stronger sex are interested in additional questions. What does a spermogram show? How to properly prepare for testing? What deviations are possible and what to do in such cases? The answers to these questions will be of interest to many readers.
Indications for the test
Before considering the question of what a spermogram shows, it is worth learning about the main indications for such testing.
- The study is prescribed during pregnancy planning.
- If for one reason or another, within 1-2 years of active unprotected sexual activity, a couple fails to have a child, both partners are prescribed tests.
- Indications for a spermogram are those caused by hormonal disorders, infectious diseases, genital injuries, varicocele and some other pathologies.
- The study is sometimes carried out during a preventive examination, as well as to monitor the course and effectiveness of treatment of a particular disease.
- Men need to take a test in preparation for in vitro fertilization of an egg
How to prepare for research?
In order for the analysis of ejaculate to give truly accurate results, you need to prepare for the procedure. For example, 3-7 days before the procedure you need to stop having sexual intercourse. At least 3 weeks before taking the tests, you must stop taking medications and dietary supplements (if stopping therapy is not possible, you must inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking).
Under no circumstances should you visit a sauna or bathhouse or take a hot bath the day before the test. It is also worth giving up smoking, drinking alcohol or drugs, and sharply limiting physical activity. Naturally, after donating the samples, the patient can return to their normal lifestyle.
How do tests take place?
Sperm samples are obtained naturally during masturbation. Ideally, the collection should be carried out directly in the clinic. The ejaculate is collected in a special sterile cup, which must be sent to the laboratory as soon as possible. Sometimes men can carry out the procedure at home. In some cases, sperm collection from a condom is allowed. But it is worth remembering that the biomaterial must be delivered to the laboratory as quickly as possible (within several hours), otherwise the test results will not be reliable.
What does a spermogram show? Physical properties of sperm
There are many criteria by which ejaculate samples are evaluated. To begin with, the laboratory assistant carefully studies and records the physical properties:
- Sperm count. The normal volume of ejaculate is considered to be 2-5 ml (a decrease in this figure sometimes indicates inflammatory processes).
- What color should sperm be? White, with a very slight gray or yellow tint (a change in color may indicate purulent inflammation, lesions of the prostate).
- Normal sperm count is 7.2 (this is a neutral environment). A decrease or formation of an acidic environment may indicate an inflammatory process in the testicles.
- The viscosity and liquefaction of sperm is another important indicator. If the sperm remains liquid within one hour after ejaculation, this is considered normal (only in a moist, liquid environment is free movement of sperm possible).
Microscopic examination of sperm
- First of all, you need to determine the number of sperm in the ejaculate. Normally, 1 ml of sperm should contain at least 20 million germ cells. If this indicator is lower, then this may well cause infertility (although this does not mean that the man is not at all capable of fertilization).
- One of the most important criteria is that in order for an egg to be fertilized, it must have the ability to move.
- Sometimes during the examination, the doctor discovers leukocytes in the semen. Normally, 1 ml of ejaculate should contain no more than 1 million white blood cells. An increase in their number indicates the presence of an inflammatory process.
- The quantity is also assessed (excessive volume of mucous masses disrupts sperm motility and often indicates the presence of problems with the prostate gland).
- Normally, there are no red blood cells in human sperm. Their presence may indicate a variety of pathologies, including the presence of a tumor.
Extended spermogram and its features
In some cases, extensive research is conducted to obtain as much information as possible. In addition to the criteria described above, the following is also studied in laboratory conditions:
- Sperm morphology (under a microscope, a specialist determines whether the shape and structure of sperm corresponds to the norm; the number of abnormal germ cells should not exceed 50%).
- Sperm viability is another important criterion. It is believed that for fertilization, the sperm must remain motile in its natural environment for at least a day.
- The presence in the samples of the so-called These are specific protein molecules that, for one reason or another, begin to be produced by the male immune system. Antibodies attack the sperm membrane, destroy germ cells and lead to the development of infertility.
When should you not give sperm samples?
In order for the analysis of ejaculate to be as informative as possible, you must follow the preparation rules described above. In addition, there are situations in which this study is not carried out:
- after taking medications, after antibiotic therapy;
- after drinking alcohol;
- at elevated body temperature;
- for acute infectious diseases, including colds;
- after the gland;
- during periods of exacerbation of chronic diseases.
Possible violations
Now you know what a spermogram shows. But during laboratory tests, some deviations may also be detected:
- oligospermia - a condition characterized by a decrease in sperm count;
- azoospermia - there are no sperm in the ejaculate;
- asthenozoospermia - the samples contain enough live sperm, but their mobility is sharply limited;
- tetradospermia - the ejaculate contains a large number of sperm with an irregular structure;
- neurospermia - during research, dead sperm were found in the samples.
It is worth understanding that only a doctor can interpret the results of a spermogram. Be that as it may, in most cases, the problem of infertility can be eliminated with the help of a properly selected course of treatment.
The analysis by which the number of high-quality and low-quality sperm is determined is called a spermogram. The doctor prescribes it to identify the cause of infertility in a man. This procedure is highly effective and informative, as it becomes possible to assess the state of the reproductive system using several indicators.
What pathologies can be detected using a spermogram?
A spermogram will help you figure out which doctor to contact next to treat the identified problems.
Using this study, identify the state of the male reproductive system and what deviations from the norm are present:
- A low sperm volume indicates oligospermia;
- Asthenozoospermia indicates low sperm activity;
- If spermatozoa are completely devoid of motility, then akinozoospermia is diagnosed;
- In the absence of live sperm in the ejaculate, doctors diagnose necrozoospermia;
- A large number of defective sperm indicates teratozoospermia;
- If red blood cells are present in the seminal fluid, hemospermia is detected;
- A high concentration of leukocytes in the ejaculate indicates leukocytospermia;
- If there are no sperm in the semen at all, then this indicates azoospermia.
After receiving the results of the study, the doctor makes a conclusion with an accurate diagnosis. If necessary, additional procedures are prescribed.
Regardless of which doctor a man goes to with a spermogram, only an experienced specialist will be able to evaluate the identified indicators.
Rules for taking the analysis
If a spermogram is required, the consultant at the clinic will tell you which doctor prescribes it. To pass this examination, compliance with several important rules is required, in particular this applies to the following points:
- A few days before taking a sperm test, you need to abstain from sexual intercourse. Depending on the clinic chosen, the period of abstinence may vary;
- A week before the test, it is prohibited to consume alcohol and drugs that have a strong effect on the body. This also applies to narcotic, sedatives and sedatives;
- You should avoid visiting saunas, steam baths and solariums.
Collecting sperm can be done by several methods, with conventional masturbation considered the simplest and most common.
Previously, it was allowed to use a condom or interrupted coitus. Today, these methods are not recommended, as they increase the risk of distorting the results.
Regardless of which doctor the spermogram is taken to, the ejaculate must be collected in a specially equipped laboratory. It is extremely difficult to create the necessary sterility during the collection of biological material at home.
If the results of the study seem questionable to the attending physician, the patient is sent for a repeat procedure, and the clinic may be different.
Expert opinion If tests are performed that involve taking blood from a vein, then the blood is donated first, followed by a spermogram. In particular, donation of ejaculate and smears from the urethra are not carried out on the same day. After X-rays and ultrasound examinations, sperm donation is not performed.
Accuracy of the results obtained
To clarify the parameters of sperm donated for research, doctors recommend doing a spermogram several times in different clinics. The reliability of the indicators can be influenced by various factors, for example, a short abstinence interval or non-compliance with the doctor’s instructions regarding preparation.
Depending on the conditions of the test, the spermogram result may be distorted. Which doctor should I contact if this happens? The andrologist who prescribed the first test can prescribe a repeat test.
It should be noted that even the most effective research methods may have errors. The number of cells is counted using a Goryaev camera, but even this device produces results with an error of 5%. It is also worth considering that the established standards are conditional. Almost always, the doctor takes a spermogram, taking into account possible deviations in certain indicators.
What results can be considered normal?
The ejaculate submitted for research is checked for many indicators that are considered important for determining the cause of male infertility. The norms of indicators largely depend on which doctor interprets the spermogram. For example, an andrologist and a sex therapist pay attention to different indicators, for which other standards may be established.
So, what indicators are given special attention:
- Normal semen volume varies between 3-5 ml. If this value is lower, then there may be problems with the prostate or other glands;
- The liquefaction time should be no more than one hour. If this parameter is exceeded, the doctor may assume the presence of vesiculitis or chronic prostatitis. This indicator greatly influences the possibility of conception;
- A very important question is which doctor to go to with a spermogram of an uncharacteristic color, as this may indicate serious illness. Normally, sperm should be whitish, yellowish or grayish. If there is a red or brown tint, then it is worth assuming that the patient has calculous prostatitis or chronic vesiculitis;
- The alkaline environment indicator of the seed should be in the range of 7.2-7.8. If it is far from normal, then prostatitis or vesiculitis can be diagnosed;
- There must be at least 20 million sperm per 1 ml of ejaculate. If the result is lower, then the patient may be diagnosed with oligozoospermia;
- A very important parameter is sperm motility. To evaluate this parameter, special groups are used. The first group includes sperm that move quickly and directly. In the second - sperm slowly moving forward. The third group included spermatozoa, which can change direction during their slow movement. The last group includes sperm that lack motility.
After a spermogram has been taken, which doctor to go to will be clear based on its results. If sperm motility is insufficient, an andrologist can diagnose asthenozoospermia. This pathology is most often detected if a man’s gonads are not functioning well or his testicles are affected.
A spermogram is a laboratory test of ejaculate that allows one to assess the ability of male sperm to fertilize a female egg. The results of a spermogram help identify and determine its causes. How to take the test correctly? Is it possible to decipher its result yourself? What are the basic norms and indicators of the study?
By examining the ejaculate, the doctor has the opportunity to assess the degree of male health. In addition, a spermogram helps to identify a number of diseases of the genitourinary system (prostatitis, varicocele, sexually transmitted diseases, etc.).
It is mainly prescribed to men who are suspected of infertility. Modern reproductive technologies make it possible to solve the problem even when the spermogram result turns out to be bad.
In order for the analysis to be as accurate as possible, it is important to properly prepare for it. the following:
- It is possible to collect material for research only through masturbation, since after sexual contact elements of the vaginal microflora may be found in the material being studied.
- It is prohibited to use a condom, as the product contains artificial lubricant.
- At least 2 weeks before the proposed test, you are prohibited from taking any medications. This is especially true for antibacterial drugs, which can affect the interpretation of the analysis.
Urologist Alexander Nikolaevich Zakutsky will tell you how to properly prepare for the analysis:
- Material for research can only be collected in laboratory conditions. In some cases, it is possible to do this at home. However, in this case, it is important to observe hygiene standards and collect the ejaculate in a sterile plastic container. During transportation, the container should be kept at a temperature of about 37 degrees. Alternatively, carry it under your arm. Transportation time should not exceed 1 hour.
- For 3-4 days before collecting material, it is important to observe sexual abstinence, refuse to visit the bathhouse, take a hot bath and drink alcoholic beverages.
In order to be able to assert the accuracy of spermogram decoding, it must be done at least 2-3 times. This is due to the fact that the composition of sperm can be influenced by many factors, such as foods consumed, medications, stressful situations, high physical activity, etc.
There are situations when, after orgasm, sperm is not released in the usual way. This condition is called retrograde ejaculation, when ejaculation occurs into the bladder. In this case, sperm can be detected in a urine test.
Retrograde ejaculation
A bad result after the first spermogram should not become a reason for a man’s upset. To talk about a particular problem, the analysis must be carried out at least 2-3 times. The interpretation of a repeat study may be different.
Types of spermogram
There are several types of analysis:
- Basic - performed in accordance with standards approved by WHO and consists of basic indicators.
- MAR test. Deciphering the MAP test allows you to identify antisperm bodies that are capable of destroying sperm.
- Kruger spermogram is a study of sperm morphology.
Embryologist Tatyana Vladimirovna Dubko tells what the MAP test shows:
Carrying out the three listed tests simultaneously is called an extended spermogram. It is usually recommended to carry out it when the transcript of the basic study has any deviations from the norm.
Sometimes men are prescribed a biochemical study of the ejaculate (determining the level of glucosidase, L-carnitine, fructose and other indicators). To assess the structure and functioning of sperm, a phase-contrast study is used.
Decoding the spermogram
The interpretation of the spermogram analysis should be carried out by a doctor based on the norms and indicators of the study.
Terms used
To describe sperm, doctors use the following concepts:
- – complete absence of sperm in the presented ejaculate.
- Akinozoospermia – there are sperm in the sample, but they are all immobile.
- – sperm have reduced motility.
- Antisperm antibodies are antibodies that the male body produces to counteract sperm.
- Hemospermia is the presence of red blood cells in the submitted ejaculate sample.
- Leukocytospermia is the detection of an excess number of leukocytes.
- Necrozoospermia is the absence of live sperm in the submitted research sample.
- Normozoospermia is the identification of any deviations from the norm that may affect the possibility of conception.
- Normospermia - all indicators indicated in the transcript are within normal limits, a healthy state.
- Oligozoospermia – the volume of sperm released is insufficient (below 2 ml).
- – the number of sperm with an abnormal structure or functioning in the presented result is too high (more than half).
Spermogram norms
When deciphering the analysis, the doctor pays attention to the basic parameters of the spermogram, comparing them with the norm.
Table 1. Spermogram norms for sperm assessment
Table 2. Spermogram norms for sperm assessment
Features of spermogram decoding
When deciphering a spermogram, the doctor pays attention to a number of features:
- Liquefaction time. A condition is considered normal when the period of sperm liquefaction is at least 10 minutes and no more than 1 hour from the moment of ejaculation, after which it becomes viscous. The seminal fluid contains enzymes produced by the prostate that facilitate this process. If after 1 hour the viscosity remains at the initial level, this may indicate problems in the functioning of the prostate gland. Therefore, the chemical composition of the ejaculate will be incorrect. This can affect sperm motility.
- Acidity level. The female vagina is dominated by an acidic environment, which can negatively affect the condition of sperm. Consequently, they lose the opportunity to fertilize an egg. In order for the sperm to be able to do this, it requires the protection provided by the seminal fluid. Thanks to its unique composition, it reduces the acidic environment of the vagina and allows sperm to reach the uterus. If this indicator is the only one that does not correspond to the norm, then this condition is not considered a pathology. If there are other deviations, this may indicate a specific diagnosis.
- Sperm volume. A normal level is considered to be between 2 and 6 ml. If this volume turns out to be lower, then the number of sperm contained here will also be lower than normal. This may be the cause of male infertility. An insufficient volume of ejaculate is also unable to protect germ cells when they enter the vaginal cavity. If, during the first spermogram, the sperm volume is below normal, this is not a cause for concern. In this case, the patient is recommended to undergo a re-examination and compare transcripts.
- Sperm color. Typically, seminal fluid has a white-gray tint. A milky or yellowish tint to the semen is also normal. If the color turns out to be pink or even brown, this may be due to an increased level of red blood cells. There are no germ cells in clear sperm.
- Leukocyte level. If their number does not exceed 1 million in 1 ml, this is considered normal. If there are more of them, this indicates the presence of an inflammatory process in the genitals.
- Red blood cell level. In normal condition they should not be there. They can appear as a result of the development of an inflammatory process, the presence of a tumor, or after an injury. The presence of blood in the spermogram indicates a disease of the urethra or a previous injury.
- Presence of mucus. It should not be present in a normal spermogram. If its presence can be seen in the transcript, this indicates the presence of an inflammatory process.
- Concentration of sperm in the spermogram.
Urologist Sergei Gennadievich Lenkin will talk about normal diagnostic indicators:
- Sperm motility in the spermogram. There are 4 categories:
- Category A – sperm move in a straight line and travel about 0.025 mm in 1 second. Most of these cells are newly formed.
- Category B - movement occurs in a straight line, but at a speed below 0.025 mm per second. There are about 10-15% of such cells in the spermogram. They are aging or have structural abnormalities.
- Category C – movement occurs in a circle or in one place. There will be 5-15% of such cells in the transcript.
- Category D – completely immobilized sperm. Half of these cells are old or already dead.
Even when deciphering a normal spermogram, cells of all 4 types will be identified. If transcripts of several spermograms show the presence of necrozoospermia, then the only way for a couple to become parents is artificial insemination or IVF using donor sperm.
- Cell morphology. When making a decoding for IVF or determining infertility, it is important to determine the number of germ cells with correct and abnormal structure. This can be done by tinting them.
- Agglutination is the process of gluing together germ cells. The cause of this condition may be a disruption of the immune system or the presence of an inflammatory process in the genitals.
- ACAT is an immunoglobulin protein that is produced by both male and female bodies. The presence of protein in the spermogram may be the cause of male infertility.
On our website there is an online calculator that makes it possible to decipher the spermogram:
Abnormalities in the spermogram
The normal spermogram assumes the presence of at least 50% of active germ cells. The reasons for the presence of a large number of immobilized sperm in the transcript may be as follows:
- Presence of diseases of the genital organs.
- Drinking alcoholic beverages.
- Smoking.
- Wearing tight underwear.
- Using intimate lubricants.
- Frequent stress.
- Hypovitaminosis.
Decoding the spermogram according to Kruger can reveal low sperm motility due to a disorder in the structure of the cells.
When deciphering a spermogram, it is important to know under what conditions the study was carried out. It has been noted that at elevated body temperature in the ejaculate, sperm motility increases, while at room temperature it decreases. Therefore, if the temperature in the room where the study is being carried out is within +10 degrees, then even healthy sperm will have little mobility. To ensure that the interpretation of the analysis is as reliable as possible, laboratories use special thermostats, which make it possible to study the material at temperatures as close as possible to those of the human body.
The reason for the decrease in the number of germ cells in the ejaculate may be one of the following conditions:
- Disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine system (dysfunction of the adrenal glands or thyroid gland, diabetes mellitus, disorders in the pituitary-hypothalamic system).
- Diseases of the genitourinary system ( , prostatitis, varicocele, etc.).
- Increased body temperature.
Immunologist Georgy Aleksandrovich Ermakov talks about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of varicocele:
- Prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures (in the workshop, etc.).
- Genetic disorders (Klinefelter syndrome, etc.).
- The effect of toxic substances on the body (alcohol, some medications, such as sleeping pills, steroids, etc.).
When determining the fertility index, the doctor pays special attention to the number and motility of sperm. If, after deciphering the study, a man is diagnosed with asthenozoospermia, then his chance of becoming a father is significantly reduced. However, an increase in the motility of germ cells does not yet guarantee pregnancy.
What affects the quality of spermogram?
Many factors can influence the functioning of the male reproductive system. The main thing is stress. It is noted that by following a daily routine, increasing physical activity and minimizing the impact of harmful factors on the body, the quality of seminal fluid gradually improves. Doctors associate this with the human body’s ability to heal itself. To do this they recommend:
- Choose regions with normal environmental conditions for living.
- Maintain a daily routine.
- Give up any bad habits.
- Pay attention to the quality of food.
- Lead an active lifestyle and exercise regularly.
Compliance with these rules helps in a short time to restore sperm parameters, which in the transcript could contain some deviations from the norm. If the cause of negative changes in sperm is a change in a man’s hormonal levels, the doctor will prescribe him to take certain medications that can quickly restore the situation.
How to improve performance?
If your mobility score is below normal, your doctor can suggest what you can do to improve it. A good effect is achieved by using antioxidant drugs that are able to bind free radicals in the body. Studies have shown that if a man drinks 1 glass of freshly squeezed fruit or vegetable juice twice a day, then after 3-4 months the sperm count improves significantly.
In order to ultimately get a good spermogram result, doctors recommend that men completely reconsider their diet. It should be based on foods high in vitamins and minerals. At the same time, you should reduce the amount of foods that may contain toxins (meat, fish, eggs, coffee, smoked meats, etc.).
Urologist Andrei Aleksandrovich Lukin tells what needs to be done to improve diagnostic indicators:
The basis of the diet should consist of fresh vegetables, fruits, herbs and dairy products. Regular consumption of the following products has shown good results: ghee, cheese, nuts, honey, beans, natural yogurt, fruits, herbs, dried fruits, sweet seasonings.
One of the essential vitamins for men's health is vitamin B11, which can be obtained from special nutritional supplements that your doctor will recommend. They are always prescribed to men before artificial insemination or IVF, cryopreservation of biological material, or in preparation for donation.
Having received a transcript of a spermogram with disappointing indicators, a man should understand that this does not always mean a disruption of the reproductive system and the inability to have children. Today medicine has learned to successfully solve many problems. To do this, the attending physician will prescribe the man to take hormonal or supportive medications, the use of which will allow and increase the chance of a long-awaited pregnancy.
The analysis by which the number of high-quality and low-quality sperm is determined is called a spermogram. The doctor prescribes it to identify the cause of infertility in a man. This procedure is highly effective and informative, as it becomes possible to assess the state of the reproductive system using several indicators.
What pathologies can be detected using a spermogram?
A spermogram will help you figure out which doctor to contact next to treat the identified problems.
Using this study, identify the state of the male reproductive system and what deviations from the norm are present:
- A low sperm volume indicates oligospermia;
- Asthenozoospermia indicates low sperm activity;
- If spermatozoa are completely devoid of motility, then akinozoospermia is diagnosed;
- In the absence of live sperm in the ejaculate, doctors diagnose necrozoospermia;
- A large number of defective sperm indicates teratozoospermia;
- If red blood cells are present in the seminal fluid, hemospermia is detected;
- A high concentration of leukocytes in the ejaculate indicates leukocytospermia;
- If there are no sperm in the semen at all, then this indicates azoospermia.
After receiving the results of the study, the doctor makes a conclusion with an accurate diagnosis. If necessary, additional procedures are prescribed.
Regardless of which doctor a man goes to with a spermogram, only an experienced specialist will be able to evaluate the identified indicators.
Rules for taking the analysis
If a spermogram is required, the consultant at the clinic will tell you which doctor prescribes it. To pass this examination, compliance with several important rules is required, in particular this applies to the following points:
- A few days before taking a sperm test, you need to abstain from sexual intercourse. Depending on the clinic chosen, the period of abstinence may vary;
- A week before the test, it is prohibited to consume alcohol and drugs that have a strong effect on the body. This also applies to narcotic, sedatives and sedatives;
- You should avoid visiting saunas, steam baths and solariums.
Collecting sperm can be done by several methods, with conventional masturbation considered the simplest and most common.
Previously, it was allowed to use a condom or interrupted coitus. Today, these methods are not recommended, as they increase the risk of distorting the results.
Regardless of which doctor the spermogram is taken to, the ejaculate must be collected in a specially equipped laboratory. It is extremely difficult to create the necessary sterility during the collection of biological material at home.
If the results of the study seem questionable to the attending physician, the patient is sent for a repeat procedure, and the clinic may be different.
Expert opinion If tests are performed that involve taking blood from a vein, then the blood is donated first, followed by a spermogram. In particular, donation of ejaculate and smears from the urethra are not carried out on the same day. After X-rays and ultrasound examinations, sperm donation is not performed.
Accuracy of the results obtained
To clarify the parameters of sperm donated for research, doctors recommend doing a spermogram several times in different clinics. The reliability of the indicators can be influenced by various factors, for example, a short abstinence interval or non-compliance with the doctor’s instructions regarding preparation.
Depending on the conditions of the test, the spermogram result may be distorted. Which doctor should I contact if this happens? The andrologist who prescribed the first test can prescribe a repeat test.
It should be noted that even the most effective research methods may have errors. The number of cells is counted using a Goryaev camera, but even this device produces results with an error of 5%. It is also worth considering that the established standards are conditional. Almost always, the doctor takes a spermogram, taking into account possible deviations in certain indicators.
What results can be considered normal?
The ejaculate submitted for research is checked for many indicators that are considered important for determining the cause of male infertility. The norms of indicators largely depend on which doctor interprets the spermogram. For example, an andrologist and a sex therapist pay attention to different indicators, for which other standards may be established.
So, what indicators are given special attention:
- Normal semen volume varies between 3-5 ml. If this value is lower, then there may be problems with the prostate or other glands;
- The liquefaction time should be no more than one hour. If this parameter is exceeded, the doctor may assume the presence of vesiculitis or chronic prostatitis. This indicator greatly influences the possibility of conception;
- A very important question is which doctor to go to with a spermogram of an uncharacteristic color, as this may indicate serious illness. Normally, sperm should be whitish, yellowish or grayish. If there is a red or brown tint, then it is worth assuming that the patient has calculous prostatitis or chronic vesiculitis;
- The alkaline environment indicator of the seed should be in the range of 7.2-7.8. If it is far from normal, then prostatitis or vesiculitis can be diagnosed;
- There must be at least 20 million sperm per 1 ml of ejaculate. If the result is lower, then the patient may be diagnosed with oligozoospermia;
- A very important parameter is sperm motility. To evaluate this parameter, special groups are used. The first group includes sperm that move quickly and directly. In the second - sperm slowly moving forward. The third group included spermatozoa, which can change direction during their slow movement. The last group includes sperm that lack motility.
After a spermogram has been taken, which doctor to go to will be clear based on its results. If sperm motility is insufficient, an andrologist can diagnose asthenozoospermia. This pathology is most often detected if a man’s gonads are not functioning well or his testicles are affected.